نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 دانشیار جامعه‌شناسی دانشگاه علامه طباطبائی، تهران، ایران
2 استادیار جامعه‌شناسی دانشگاه علامه طباطبائی، تهران، ایران
چکیده
ظرفیت‌های فرهنگی و هنری با بهره‌گیری از سرمایه‌های فرهنگی و هنری بالقوه افراد آسیب‌پذیر، موجب تقویت مهارت‌های اجتماعی آن‌ها و توانمندسازی‌شان می‌شود و شرایط اشتغال را در سطوح فردی و اجتماعی فراهم می‌کند. برنامه‌های توانمندسازی فرهنگی و هنری در برخی از مناطق آسیب‌پذیر شهری و روستایی در جهان اجرا شده و این مناطق را به مقاصد گردشگری مشهوری تبدیل کرده است. در این مقاله، با رویکرد توصیفی-تحلیلی و با استفاده از داده‌ها و اطلاعات موجود، دو نمونه داخلی و خارجی مورد بررسی قرار گرفته است. نمونه خارجی، خیابان لارامبلا در شهر بارسلون اسپانیا است که در آن شرایطی فراهم شده تا از ظرفیت‌های افراد کم‌برخوردار برای هنرنمایی در قالب اجراهای زنده هنری استفاده شود. این اقدام نه تنها به توانمندسازی گروه‌های آسیب‌پذیر کمک کرده، بلکه خیابان لارامبلا را به یکی از مراکز توریستی پرجاذبه تبدیل کرده است. در ایران نیز تجربه‌های مشابهی وجود دارد، از جمله توانمندسازی زنان محلی جزیره هرمز در نقاشی با شن‌های رنگی و رویداد استارتاپی یامال در جزیره قشم. این فعالیت‌ها که با استفاده از ظرفیت‌های محیطی و محلی فرهنگی و هنری جزیره انجام شده، موجب مشارکت اجتماعی مردم‌محور و اشتغال بومیان، به‌ویژه زنان، شده و در نهایت منطقه را به مقصدی گردشگری تبدیل کرده است.
کلیدواژه‌ها
موضوعات
عنوان مقاله [English]
Reducing Social Problems in the Context of Cultural Economy Development: Alleviating Deprivation Through the Development of Tourist Attractions
نویسندگان [English]
- Ardeshir Entezari 1
- Fatemeh Derakhshan 2
1 Associate Professor in Sociology, Allameh Tabataba'i University, Tehran, Iran
2 Assistant professor in Sociology, Allameh Tabataba'i University, Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]
Cultural and artistic capacities are enhanced by utilizing the talents of vulnerable individuals, which strengthens their social skills and creates employment opportunities at both individual and community levels. Cultural and artistic empowerment programs have been successfully implemented in various vulnerable urban and rural areas worldwide, transforming these regions into well-known tourist destinations. This article employs a descriptive-analytical approach, utilizing available data and information to examine two case studies: one international and one domestic. The international example is La Rambla street in Barcelona, Spain, where the talents of marginalized individuals are showcased through live art performances. This initiative not only empowers vulnerable groups but also establishes La Rambla as one of the most attractive tourist centers. In Iran, similar initiatives have been observed, such as the empowerment of local women on Hormoz Island, who create art using the island’s colored sands. Additionally, the Yamal startup event on Qeshm Island has leveraged the region's environmental and cultural resources, fostering social participation among the local population and generating employment, particularly for women. As a result, these efforts have transformed the area into a popular tourist destination.
Keywords: Economy of Culture, Cultural and Artistic Capacities, Social Damage, Deprivation, Empowerment, Tourism.
Introduction
Social damage and congestion, along with their increasing trends, have created a worrying situation in the country. These issues arise not only from the abnormal or deviant behavior of individuals and existing weaknesses but are also often rooted in macro and structural problems, as well as a lack of attention to societal capacities and strengths. This neglect can lead to deprivation and various forms of social harm.
One of the most effective ways to prevent and control these harms is to leverage social, cultural, and economic capacities. By transforming the costs associated with social injuries into opportunities, we can utilize culture and art as key tools. Art provides numerous avenues to prevent and alleviate harms, particularly for vulnerable and marginalized groups. Many developed countries are investing in this area, drawing from their reserves and cultural heritage to harness the potential of art in reducing social issues.
The occurrence of social harms is influenced by various social and individual contexts. By identifying and utilizing existing cultural and artistic capabilities, we can purposefully empower vulnerable groups, enhance their employment opportunities, and ultimately generate income at both micro and macro levels, thereby fostering the cultural economy.
Our country possesses rich civilizational, cultural, and artistic resources that can be mobilized to support disadvantaged individuals and mitigate social harms. This can also attract tourism and strengthen the cultural economy. This article will examine both foreign and domestic examples, highlighting the role of culture and art in preventing, addressing, and reducing social harms, particularly poverty, while promoting tourism attractions within the framework of cultural economic development.
Therefore, the central question of this study is: How can we transform the threat of deprivation and the portrayal of social issues, which often elicits pity, into a capacity for sustainable alleviation of deprivation and the removal of urban blight?
Methodology
In this study, we aim to utilize the experiences gained from cultural and artistic empowerment programs targeting marginalized communities in vulnerable areas. A descriptive-analytical approach has been employed, utilizing library research methods. Various programs and policies for the cultural and artistic empowerment of disadvantaged groups have been successfully implemented worldwide, particularly in vulnerable urban areas and underutilized regions, such as villages, transforming them into renowned tourist destinations. One notable example is La Rambla in Barcelona, Spain. This street has been developed to harness the talents of economically disadvantaged individuals through live artistic performances. This initiative not only fosters social participation and income generation but also enhances the street's appeal as a tourist attraction.
In Iran, however, there are limited examples, especially in rural and marginalized areas, that could serve as models for broader societal application. One such example is the empowerment of local women on Hormoz Island through sand painting. This initiative, which leverages the island's environmental and cultural resources, has successfully engaged and employed women, ultimately transforming the area into a tourist destination. The necessary data, information, and images related to this topic have been gathered through documents, policies, reports, relevant websites, and the experiences and observations of researchers in both Spain and Iran.
Results
La Rambla is a prominent street in the center of Barcelona. Originally, the La Rambla route was a stream that often ran dry and was polluted. Today, it stands as one of the busiest centers in Barcelona, especially during peak tourist season. The street's popularity among visitors has transformed it into a vibrant hub for entertainment and sightseeing. As the most famous street in Barcelona, La Rambla exemplifies the city’s success in creating public spaces that encourage social interaction and walking as part of daily life. This has led to the creation of various job opportunities, making La Rambla a significant tourist attraction.
La Rambla has served as a lifeline for countless individuals seeking to earn a living through their art. Recognized as one of the most iconic pedestrian streets in the world, it provides a unique platform for street artists. However, alongside its advantages, the street also faces challenges that the government and municipality are working to address through various initiatives.
In contrast, two similar examples in Iran—Hormoz and Qeshm Islands—demonstrate their cultural and tourism potential. Hormoz Island, located in the Persian Gulf just 8 km from Bandar Abbas, is renowned for its geological diversity and has been dubbed a "geological paradise." A key strength of Hormoz Island lies in its local capacity for tourism and the attraction of visitors, which has been highlighted by Dr. Ahmed Nadalian in recent years. Local women have been trained to paint with the island’s-colored soil and sand or to create patterns on handmade objects, fostering their participation and employment.
The establishment of a museum on Hormoz Island has further influenced the island's tourism trajectory, transforming it into not just a tourist destination but also a hub for environmental and social artists. Additionally, the "Yamal" public events series, focused on innovation in cultural heritage, tourism, and handicraft development in Qeshm, organized by the startup Mammoth, plays a vital role in promoting sustainable development through local community participation. This initiative aims to reduce deprivation and generate income, aligning with land use and development planning that respects the local community’s cultural worldview and metatextual indicators, particularly emphasizing "native knowledge."
Such a community-oriented approach, aimed at reviving, preserving, and codifying the local knowledge of historical settlements, can help protect the limited natural resources and biodiversity that are at risk, while also supporting the often-marginalized residents.
Conclusions
Social harms do not necessarily require a pathological perspective; often, they need attention to the capacities and strengths that can help planners and implementers create conditions for overcoming these challenges. Cultural and artistic capacities in any society, especially those with a rich heritage, can not only prevent harm but also transform existing issues into strengths and opportunities.
Art, through social action, plays a crucial role in reducing social damage and alleviating poverty by changing the attitudes and mindsets of marginalized groups toward their circumstances and empowering them. Empowerment of the underprivileged is a process that enables individuals to organize themselves, develop self-awareness, and advocate for their rights, allowing them to make independent choices and gain control over resources, ultimately helping to eliminate their disadvantaged status.
On one hand, artistic abilities are essential for socializing individuals and fostering effective communication within society. On the other hand, by utilizing the cultural and artistic potential of vulnerable populations, we can strengthen their social skills, empower them, create employment opportunities, and provide conditions for income generation at both individual and societal levels, leading to economic development
کلیدواژه‌ها [English]
- Economy of Culture
- Cultural and Artistic Capacities
- Social Damage
- Deprivation
- Empowerment
- Tourism
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