نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

• محمد امیرپناهی ¹
• فاطمه نامیان ²

¹ استادیار جامعه‌شناسی دانشگاه علامه طباطبائی، تهران، ایران.

² دانش آموخته کارشناسی ارشد جامعه‌شناسی دانشگاه علامه طباطبائی، تهران، ایران.

چکیده

 
تاکنون پژوهش‌های متعددی در ارتباط با احساس امنیت اجتماعی به انجام رسیده است؛ اما یافته‌های به‌دست‌آمده در این حوزه پراکنده، منفرد، متنوع و بدون ارتباط باهم است.به علاوه بسیاری از مطالعات تنها به یک یا دو عامل مؤثر بر احساس امنیت پرداخته‌اند و عوامل دیگر را نادیده گرفته‌اند. نظر به اهمیت چنین مسئله‌ای به‌منظور جمع‌بندی و همسو کردن نتایج پژوهش‌ها، تلاش شده است به این پرسش پاسخ داده شود که به‌طورکلی چه عوامل جامعه‌شناختی موثر بر احساس امنیت اجتماعی زنان کدامند و این عوامل به چه میزان آن را تبیین کرده است. مکانیسم اجرای پژوهش، فراتحلیل کمی با استفاده از نرم‌افزار CMA2 است. هدف این روش، انسجام‌بخشی، مرور نظام‌مند و یکدست‌سازی مطالعات صورت‌گرفته در یک حوزه معین پژوهشی است. جامعه آماری آن نیز 25 پژوهش انجام‌شده در دهه 1390 به‌دلیل داشتن شرایط آماری مورداستفاده در تحقیق، باهدف ترکیب و شناسایی میزان تأثیر متغیرها بوده است. یافته‌های پژوهش حاکی از این است که احساس امنیت اجتماعی زنان به‌عنوان متغیر وابسته اصلی تأثیرپذیر از متغیرهایی نظیر استفاده از رسانه‌های جمعی، اعتماد اجتماعی، سرمایه فرهنگی، انسجام اجتماعی، مشارکت اجتماعی، فقر و فرودستی زنان است و هر متغیر توانسته است سهمی از تغییرات ایجادشده در امنیت زنان را تبیین نماید.

کلیدواژه‌ها

• احساس امنیت اجتماعی زنان
• فراتحلیل
• سرمایه فرهنگی
• مشارکت اجتماعی
• فقر و فرودستی

موضوعات

• جامعه شناسی

عنوان مقاله [English]

Meta-analysis of Studies on Women's Sense of Social Security

نویسندگان [English]

• muhammad amirpanahi ¹
• fateme namiyan ²

¹ Assistant Professor, Department of Sociology, Allameh Tabataba'i University, Tehran, Iran.

² Master's degree graduate in Sociology, Allameh Tabataba'i University, Tehran, Iran.

چکیده [English]

 
Numerous studies have been conducted regarding women's sense of social security; however, the findings in this field are scattered, isolated, diverse, and lack interconnection.Given the importance of this issue, an effort has been made to answer the question of what sociological factors generally affect women's feelings of social security and to what extent these factors explain it, in order to summarize and align the results of the research. The research methodology is a quantitative meta-analysis using the CMA2 software. The aim of this method is to provide coherence, a systematic review, and standardization of studies conducted in a specific research field. The statistical population consists of 25 studies conducted in the 2010s, selected for meeting the statistical conditions required for the research, with the goal of combining and identifying the extent of the impact of variables. The findings of the study indicate that women's feelings of social security, as the main dependent variable, are influenced by factors such as media usage, social trust, cultural capital, social cohesion, social participation, poverty, and women's subordination. Each of these variables has been able to explain a portion of the changes in women's security.
Keywords: women's sense of social security, Meta-Analysis, Cultural Capital, Social Participation, Poverty, And Subordination.

Introduction

The sense of social security in women, as one of the important indicators of social development and quality of life, has attracted the attention of researchers and policymakers in recent years. In Iran, despite efforts to improve social security, women still face numerous challenges in this area. The feeling of security refers to an individual's experience and perception of the security situation in their environment. This feeling can be influenced by various factors, such as past experiences, available information in society, and the level of trust in social institutions and other individuals. Despite numerous studies on sense of social security among women in Iran, the results of these studies sometimes appear contradictory and scattered. These differences may arise from variations in methodology, sampling, or different definitions of the feeling of security. Therefore, conducting a comprehensive meta-analysis of these studies could help identify common patterns, influential factors, and research gaps.
Research Question(s)
What sociological factors have influenced women's sense of social security?To what extent do these factors explain it?

Literature Review

This study, as a meta-analytic research, does not follow a specific theoretical framework. Therefore, the discussions related to theoretical foundations and concepts associated with the research topic are primarily aimed at familiarizing and acquainting with the conceptual and theoretical space of the studies examined in this research. Consequently, a conceptual or theoretical framework is not relevant here. Concepts such as  sense of social security, social factors, structural conditions, gender, etc., constitute the conceptual space of the research. Initially, in order to better understand the conceptual space of social security, we will examine its distinction from other forms of security. Then, by exploring the concept of social security, the most important theoretical approaches that have been used in the studies reviewed in the meta-analysis will be introduced.

Methodology

The present study is a (quantitative) meta-analysis. Meta-analysis is the combination, integration, and unification of studies conducted in a specific field. This method is used for systematic review. There are two major families of effect sizes, d and r. In the (d) family, there are three important and relatively similar elements, namely (d) Cohen (1977), (g) Hedges (1987), and Glass delta. The statistical population of the present study is all research conducted in Iran from 2011 to 2019 on the subject of women's security, which has been registered in the scientific databases (SID), (Noormags), and (Magiran). From more than 36 identified studies on "women's sense of social security", finally 25 research documents were selected that fit the criteria of quantitative meta-analysis (correlation coefficient, sample size, significance level, research quality, research validity and reliability, survey). After initial classification, typology, and description of the studies, research variables that were repeated more than twice in the studies were entered into the CMA2 software to determine the effect size and its correlation coefficient.

Conclusion

The factors identified in this study—media usage, social trust, cultural capital, social cohesion, social participation, poverty, and women's subordination—provide valuable insights into the complex outlook of women's sense of security in Iranian society. The conclusion of this meta-analysis indicates that women's feelings of social security in Iran are influenced by a complex interaction of factors, including the impact of media, social trust, cultural capital, social cohesion, participation, and economic vulnerability.
By addressing the multidimensional factors identified in this study, a society can be approached where women feel empowered, secure, and equal in shaping their own future.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

• Women's sense of social security
• Meta-Analysis
• Cultural Capital
• Social Participation
• Poverty
• And Subordination