نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشیار جامعه‌شناسی، دانشگاه علامه طباطبائی، تهران، ایران

2 استادیار تاریخ، دانشگاه علامه طباطبائی، تهران، ایران

3 دانشجوی دکتری جامعه شناسی فرهنگی دانشگاه علامه طباطبائی، تهران، ایران

چکیده

این مقاله به بررسی مواجهة ابتدایی اقتصاد ایران با مناسباتِ نوظهور بازار جهانی سرمایه‌داری در سدة نوزدهم می‌پردازد. در گام نخست طرحی توصیفی از تحولات اقتصادی ایران در این دوره و مقدمات اصلی برای تحلیل این تحولات ارائه‌شده است. در گام بعدی نیز به بررسی پیامدهای مختلف اقتصادی، سیاسی و اجتماعی این تحولات پرداخته می‌شود. یافته‌های مقاله نشان می‌دهند که فرایند بازجهت‌یابیِ اقتصاد ایران در پاسخ به تقاضای نوظهور جهانی برای کالاهای کشاورزی تجاری، به تحولاتی دامن زد که تأثیرات چشم‌گیری بر سیر آتی وقایع در سدة بیستم داشتند: پدید آمدن طبقه‌ای از تجار بزرگ که در حوزة زمین‌داری و املاک سرمایه‌گذاری کردند، پیدایش شکل‌های اولیة مالکیت شخصی از رهگذر واگذاری زمین‌های خالصه، اختلال در توازنِ شکنندة اقتصاد معیشتیِ پیشاسرمایه‌داری از رهگذر بحران‌های زیست‌محیطی‌ای نظیر قحطی بزرگ سدة نوزدهم و ... همگی پیامدهای این تحولات در سطوح مختلف اقتصادی، اجتماعی، سیاسی و زیست‌محیطی بودند. بااین‌همه، هیچ‌یک از این موارد، به‌رغم تأثیرات چشم‌گیری که به دنبال داشتند، هرگز به گسست تمام‌عیار از مناسبات اجتماعی تولید پیشاسرمایه‌داری منجر نشد و راهبردهای استخراج مازاد مطلق (راهبردهای پیشاسرمایه‌دارانه) کماکان اصلی‌ترین راهبردهای کسب مازاد در اقتصاد ایران باقی ماند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Sociological Consequences of Commercialization of Agriculture during the Qajar Period

نویسندگان [English]

  • Vahid Shalchi 1
  • Esmail Shams 2
  • Alireza Khazaei 3

1 Associate Professor of Sociology ,Allameh Tabataba'i University, Tehran, Iran

2 Assistant Professor of History Allameh Tabataba'i University, Tehran, Iran.

3 PhD Candidate of cultural sociology , Allameh Tabataba'i University, Tehran, Iran

چکیده [English]

This article investigates the initial confrontation between the Iranian economy and the newly emerged capitalist market relations during the 19th century. In the first step, a descriptive account of the Iranian economy’ transformations during this period and the preliminary requirements for analyzing these transformations is provided. The next step deals with its different economical, political, and social consequences. Our findings show that this process of Iranian economy’s reorientation in response to the new international demands for cash crops resulted in various transformations imposing significant effects on the next course of Iranian history during the 20th century. Some of the outcomes include the emergence of new big merchants who invested substantially in real estate, the emergence of proto-forms of private property through selling the state-owned lands, the disturbance of the subsistence economy’ fragile equilibrium through ecological catastrophes like the Great Famine of the 19th century. Despite how influential they were, neither of these changes could complete a rupture from pre-capitalist social relations of production and pre-capitalist strategies of surplus extraction.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Capitalist Social Relations
  • Commercialization of Agriculture
  • the 19th Century Economy
  • The Qajar Economy
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استناد به این مقاله: شالچی، وحید.، شمس، اسماعیل.، خزائی، علیرضا. (1401). پیامدهای جامعه‌شناختی تجاری شدن کشاورزی در دوران قاجار، فصلنامه علوم اجتماعی، 29(96)، 119-161.
DOI: 10.22054/qjss.2022.67967.2529
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