نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسنده
استادیار جامعه شناسی دانشگاه فرهنگیان کردستان، سنندج، ایران.
چکیده
وجود مشکلات اقتصادی و معیشتی فروان به دلایلی چون: نبود زیر ساخت صنعتی، توسعه نامتوزان، سیاست‌های اقتصادی ناکارآمد و نبود زمین‌های حاصلخیز باعث روی‌آوری زیادی از ساکنین روستاهای مناطق مرزی کردستان به تجارت مرزی خصوصاً در شکل کولبری شده است. این امر پیامدهای فرهنگی مختلفی از جهات منفی به بار آورده است. یکی از حوزه‌های فرهنگی که بشدت تحت تأثیر مراودات مرزی قرارگرفته، تحصیلات است. لذا معنا کاوی و تحلیل دیدگاه و تجربه مردم روستاهای مرزی شهرستان بانه و مریوان در خصوص مراودات مرزی و پیامدهای آن در زندگی تحصیلی دانش‌آموزان آن منطقه هدف اصلی مقاله است. به اقتضای اهداف، روش آمیخته انتخاب شده است. یافته‌ها با تکنیک پرسشنامه، مصاحبه عمیق فردی و گروهی و همچنین مشاهده جمع‌آوری گردیده است. در بخش کمی تعداد 380 نفر از دانش‌آموزان با روش نمونه‌گیری تصادفی انتخاب شدند. در بخش کیفی با توجه به نوع موضوع، با 38 نفر مصاحبه فردی و گروهی انجام شد. یافته‌ها نشان از آن دارد که سازوکار مراودات مرزی بر تحصیلات جوانان با مواردی چون: دگرگونی میدان و عادت‌واره‌ها- قاچاق به‌مثابه کنش فرهنگی- گسیختگی هویت تحصیلی- احاطه ذهنیات ترک تحصیل- استحاله ارزشی تأیید- افت تحصیلی قابل‌تحلیل است. نتایج در بخش کمی حاکی از آن است که مراودات مرزی (رسمی_غیررسمی) بر هر سه بعد اشتیاق تحصیلی (رفتاری، عاطفی و شناختی) اثر منفی گذاشته است. بدین معنا که دانش‌آموزان هرچه بیشتر درگیر مسائل اقتصادی باشند، انگیزه و اشتیاق آن‌ها برای یادگیری و مشارکت فعال در مدرسه و کلاس کم‌تر بوده و نسبت به انجام تکالیف محوله خود بی‌اعتنا خواهند بود.
کلیدواژه‌ها
عنوان مقاله [English]
Border and Education, Incompatible Duality; Analysis of the Role of Border Exchanges in the Academic Enthusiasm of Students in the Border Areas of Kurdistan Province
نویسنده [English]
- Rashid Ahmadifar
assistant professor of sociology at farhangian university
چکیده [English]
The existence of numerous economic and livelihood problems due to reasons such as: lack of industrial infrastructure, uneven development, inefficient economic policies and lack of fertile land have caused many residents of the villages of border areas of Kurdistan to turn to special border trade in the form of Kolberi. This has resulted in various negative cultural consequences. One of the cultural fields that have been greatly affected by border relations is education. Therefore, the main goal of the article is to analyze the meaning and the point of view and experience of the people of the border villages of Baneh and Marivan regarding border relations and its consequences in the academic life of the students of that region. According to the objectives, a mixed method has been chosen. The findings have been collected by questionnaire technique, in-depth individual and group interviews, as well as observation. In the quantitative section, 380 students were selected by random sampling. In the qualitative section, according to the type of subject, individual and group interviews were conducted with 38 people. The findings show that the mechanism of cross-border relations on youth education can be analyzed with such things as: transformation of the field and habits - smuggling as a cultural act - rupture of educational identity - encirclement of the mentality of dropping out of school - value transformation of confirmation - academic failure. The results in the quantitative part indicate that border relations (formal-informal) have a negative effect on all three dimensions of academic enthusiasm (behavioral, emotional and cognitive). This means that the more students are involved in economic issues, the less motivation and enthusiasm they have for learning and active participation in school and class, and they will be indifferent to doing their assigned homework.
کلیدواژه‌ها [English]
- Mixed Method
- Border Trade
- Academic Enthusiasm
- Kurdistan Border Areas
Mohaghegh Ardabili Publications. [Persian]
Ahmadi, H. (2017). Sociological explanation of market hegemony and youth
education in border areas, a case study of Baneh city. University of
Tehran, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Sociology of
Development, M.S. Thesis. [Persian]
Ahmadrash, R. et al. (2017). Critical study of border economic development
policies, First International Conference on Economic Planning,
Sustainable and Balanced Regional Development. [Persian]
Al-Murad, S. (1999). Smuggling of goods in Iran, Tehran, Research Center
of the Islamic Consultative Assembly, Office of Economic Studies.
[Persian]
Arab Mazar Yazdi, A. (2001). Black Economy in Iran, Its Size and Effects in
the Last Three Decades, Program and Budget Magazine, No. 62 and
63, pp. 102-61. [Persian]
Bayengani, B. (2015). Study of Sociological Society Economic Changes and
Cultural Consequences in Kurdish Areas (Critical Ethnography of
Baneh Border Market), University of Tehran, Faculty of Social
Sciences, Sociology, PhD Thesis. [Persian]
Borojerdi, M. (2012). Evaluation of the effectiveness of teaching motivation
on progress perception of class structure and academic conflict of
third year Guidance school students in Saqez city. Master Thesis,
Allameh Tabatabai University. [Persian]
Chandoevwit, W. et al. (2005). Thailland’s Cross Border Economy, a Case
Study of Sa Kaeoand Chiangrai; Thailand Development Resource
Institute (TDRI)
Deflem, M. (2004) the sociology of the sociology of money, journal of
classical sociology. March 2003 vol. 3 no. 1 67-96.
Dehghan, M. A. and Mohammadi, M. (2008). Economic security in Iran.
Islamic Council Research Center. [Persian]
Emadzadeh, M. (1995). Topics in the economics of education. Isfahan:
University Jihad of Isfahan University. [Persian]
Fazeli, N. (2011). Educational Demography (Several Ethnographic Studies
in Today's Education in Iran), Tehran, Elm Publishing, First Edition:
مرز و تحصیالت، دوگانهای ناسازواره؛ تحلیل نقش مراودات مرزی...؛ احمدیفر | 111
Chavoshgaran Naghsh. [Persian]
Fredericks, J. A. et al. (2004). School engagement: Potential of the concept,
state of the evidence. Review of Educational Research, 74, 59– 109.
Gul, R. G. A. (2013). Causes of Dropout Rate in Government High Schools
(male). Journal: Education & Infornation Management. Volume 2,
Issue 1, January 2013.
Hejazi, E. et al. (2009). Intellectual Beliefs and Academic Achievement: The
Role of Educational Achievement Goals. Psychological Research,
Volume 12, No.23. [Persian]
Jahanian R. & Mahjobi, S. (2011). Education policies in the age of
globalization. Quarterly Journal of Political Science, No. 16, Fall
2011. [Persian]
Kaveh, M. H. (1389). Motivation and Memorization, Media e-Learning
Quarterly, pp. 29-23
Kohnehposhi, S. H. and Jalali, H. (2013). The effect of goods Smuggling on
the economy of border villages in the Khaw and Mirabad districts of
Marivan city. Journal of Geography and Development, pp. 32-71.
[Persian]
Kurdafshari, F. (2012). Investigating the academic involvement of third year
high school students based on their preferred teaching style. Master
Thesis, Unpublished, Allameh Tabatabai University.
Lee, J. C., Jeremy, S. (2007). When Work Matters: The Varying Impact of
Work Intensity on High School Dropout. Sociology of
Education. April 2007 vol. 80 no. 2 158-178.
Mafakheri, A. (2017). Investigating the Effects of Siran Band Border Market
on Economic and Social Resilience of Baneh County, M.Sc. Thesis,
Urmia University, Faculty of Humanities. [Persian]
McNeal, R. B. (2011). Labor Market Effects on Dropping Out of High
School: Variation By Gender, Race, and Employment Status. Youth
Society March 2011 vol. 43 no. 1 305-332.
Mohammadpour, A. et al. (2010). Combined Research Methods as the Third
Methodological Movement: Theoretical Foundations and Practical
Principles»Applied Sociology, Journal of Humanities Research,
University of Isfahan, Volume 21, Number 2, pp. 100-77. [Persian]
Niebuhr, A. (2005). The impact of EU enlargement on European border
regions, HWWA Discussion Paper, No33.
116 | فصلنامه علوم اجتماعی | سال بیست و هشتم |شماره 49 | پاییز 5911
Parhiz, S. M. (2015). The impact of the self-regulatory education program
on the Zimmermann and Kovac model motivates progress and
academic engagement. Master Thesis, Ferdowsi University of
Mashhad, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology. [Persian]
Pintrich, P. R. (2003). A motivational science perspective on the role of
student motivation in learning and teaching contexts. Journal of
Educational Psychology, 95, 667–686.
Qadampour, Eet al. (2017). Psychometric properties of students' academic
enthusiasm scale. Quarterly Journal of Educational Measurement,
Year 8, No. 29, pp. 167-184. [Persian]
Qaderzadeh, O. and Ghaderi, O. (2012). Qualitative Study of Cultural
Consequences of Border Trade in Marivan County, Iranian Journal of
Social Studies, Volume 7, Number 2, Summer, 154-135. [Persian]
Qaderzadeh, O. et al. (2013). Qualitative Study of Border Market's Effect on
Continuity of Smuggling Phenomena, Journal of Applied Sociology,
Volume 20, No. 1. [Persian]
Ramazani, Gh. (2012). Analyzing the views of high school teachers and
students on the role of border commercial areas of Baneh and
Marivan cities on the educational status of students, Kurdistan
University, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, thesis to receive a
master's degree. [Persian]
Rigi Ket al. (2018). The Effect of Smuggling on the Education of Students in
Bam Posht Border Region, 11th International Conference on
Psychology and Social Sciences, Tehran, Mehr Ishraq Conference Co.
[Persian]
Rouhi. Gh. et al. (2007) Academic motivation and its relationship with some
factors in students of Golestan University of Medical Sciences,
Quarterly Journal of Development in Medical Education, Volume 4,
Number 2, No. 77-83.
Sarkar Arani, M. R. (1994). Education and Development, Development
Culture Quarterly, Volume 3, Number 15, 23-35. [Persian]
Shadnia, H. (2005). Smuggling of goods and social security. Proceedings of
the Social Security Conference. NAJA Social Deputy[Persian].
Shajiei G.M. (2005). Commodity Trafficking, NAJA Training Technology
Center. Tehran. [Persian]
Sharepoor, M. (2017). Sociology of Education, Tehran, Organization for the
Study and Compilation of University Humanities Books (SAMT).
Humanities Research and Development Center. [Persian]
مرز و تحصیالت، دوگانهای ناسازواره؛ تحلیل نقش مراودات مرزی...؛ احمدیفر | 111
Simmel, G. (2007). Money in Modern Culture, translated by Yousef Abazari,
Organon No. 3, second edition
Slither, D. and Tonix, F. (2007). Market Community: Modern Market and
Social Theory, Translator: Hossein Ghazian, Tehran, Ney
Publications.
Wilson, K. et al. (2005). The Role of Expectations in Adolescent School
Choices: Do Youths Respond to Economic Incentives? Journal:
Economic Inquiry. Volume 43, Issue 3. July 2005. Pages 467–492.
)