Sociology
Mohammad Amerian; Fargah Afshar
Abstract
This study examines the representation of “Iranian society” in high school English textbooks in Iran. Its main goal is analysis of the thematic content of the books and evaluation of the comprehensiveness, accuracy, and diversity of the image they present of Iranian society. To this end, ...
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This study examines the representation of “Iranian society” in high school English textbooks in Iran. Its main goal is analysis of the thematic content of the books and evaluation of the comprehensiveness, accuracy, and diversity of the image they present of Iranian society. To this end, the subject-oriented sections (lesson illustrations, conversation topics, and reading comprehensions) of English textbooks for the first and second years of high school (six book titles) and their corresponding books in the technical and vocational schools (two book titles) were subjected to qualitative content analysis through codification based on (1) cultural diversity (diversity of values, customs, language, and the like) and (2) social diversity (differences in economic and social class). The results show that the majority of categories that could be extracted from these textbooks revolve around "education", "science", "geography and nature", "customs and traditions", and "tourism and cultural heritage", and "Iranian society" (with its cultural and social variety, diversity and multiplicity) is rarely represented in them. Based on the findings of this study, it is suggested that the content of high school English textbooks be revised and improved with a multifaceted approach, diversification of images and narratives, and the use of modern educational technologies.
Sociology
Mohammad Saeed Zokaei
Abstract
تکنولوژی های دیجیتال به مثابه پیشران هایی برای تحولات اجتماعی و فرهنگی بر آرایش و روابط نسلها و پیوندهای آنها با یکدیگر تاثیر گذار بوده و چشم انداز تازه ای را در نظم عاطفی، ...
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تکنولوژی های دیجیتال به مثابه پیشران هایی برای تحولات اجتماعی و فرهنگی بر آرایش و روابط نسلها و پیوندهای آنها با یکدیگر تاثیر گذار بوده و چشم انداز تازه ای را در نظم عاطفی، اخلاقی و شناختی کاربران خویش ایجاد می کنند. مقاله حاضر با اتکا به پیمایش های ملی و مرور پژوهش های کمی و کیفی موجود به تحلیلی از نگرش ها و رفتارهای نسل های مختلف در ایران نسبت به این فناوری ها می پردازد. نتایج نشان می دهد که دسترسی های نابرابری و شکاف های دیجیتال اگر چه در سطح درون خانوادگی تنش های جدی در مناسبات خانوادگی پدید نیاورده اند، با اینحال در سطح کلان و ساختاری زمینه تقویت و بازتولید شکاف های اجتماعی و سیاسی و فرهنگی را ایجاد می کنند. پوشش حداکثری و عادلانه دیجیتال، استفاده ار ظرفیت های خانوادگی و اجتماع محلی برای آموزش و تقویت سواد دیجیتال و آموزش های اجتماع محور از جمله توصیه های سیاستی برای رفع چالش های فوق هستند
Sociology
farshad KARAMI; alireza haddadi; amir hossein ganjiazad
Abstract
Given its geopolitical position, Iran has been one of the primary hubs of migratory movements worldwide over the past several decades. According to estimates by the Ministry of Interior, more than six million foreign nationals currently reside in the country. The present study aims to examine the status ...
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Given its geopolitical position, Iran has been one of the primary hubs of migratory movements worldwide over the past several decades. According to estimates by the Ministry of Interior, more than six million foreign nationals currently reside in the country. The present study aims to examine the status of social integration among foreign nationals in Iran and the factors influencing it. Utilizing a survey research design and drawing on the theoretical framework of Ager and Strang, the study’s target population consisted of all foreign migrants aged 18 and above residing in Iran. Accordingly, 3,545 individuals were selected as respondents. The findings indicate that, structurally, migrants’ average levels of access to citizen-oriented tools and services (healthcare, education, and employment) were 44.8 out of 100; social bonds, bridges, and links scored 59.6; facilitators (language proficiency, familiarity with customs, traditions, and culture, and a sense of security and stability) scored 79.2; and observance of citizen rights and responsibilities averaged 69.15. Regression analysis shows that the independent variables collectively predict 45% of the variance in the dependent variable, and that observance of citizenship rights (β = 0.498) exerts the strongest effect on the dependent variable.
Sociology
Seyedmostafa Hoseini; Amir Akbari Ghamsari
Abstract
Meritocracy, as a fundamental principle for the equitable distribution of opportunities and resources, faces complex challenges in Iran, rooted in structural inequalities, power structures, and socio-cultural dynamics. Utilizing qualitative thematic meta-analysis, this study examines the findings of ...
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Meritocracy, as a fundamental principle for the equitable distribution of opportunities and resources, faces complex challenges in Iran, rooted in structural inequalities, power structures, and socio-cultural dynamics. Utilizing qualitative thematic meta-analysis, this study examines the findings of 30 domestic articles (2001-2025) to analyze meritocracy through three structural themes: (1) Structural Inequalities, (2) Power Structures, and (3) Socio-Cultural Dynamics. The methodology involved open, axial, and selective coding of both facilitating factors and obstructive barriers, organized at a structural level. Within these 30 articles, 93 macro-level facilitating factors and 103 obstructive barriers were identified.The findings reveal that structural inequalities operate unilaterally and negatively, restricting equal access. Power structures are dualistic in nature, yet obstructive barriers within them are predominant, undermining transparency. Similarly, socio-cultural dynamics exhibit duality, but relationship-centric tendencies are dominant, diminishing the motivation for individual effort. The interaction of barriers across these three themes—particularly those of economic inequality, power concentration, and favoritism (parit-bazi)—creates a negative feedback loop. This loop severely constrains meritocracy and impedes the realization of social justice.
Sociology
Arash Heydari; Benyamin Hoseini Bojd
Abstract
This research examines the socio-economic transformations of the 1390s in Iran and the emergence of the new "nouveau riche" class. This decade, characterized by unstable growth, chronic inflation, and a rentier economy under sanctions, led to the deepening of class divides and the intensification of ...
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This research examines the socio-economic transformations of the 1390s in Iran and the emergence of the new "nouveau riche" class. This decade, characterized by unstable growth, chronic inflation, and a rentier economy under sanctions, led to the deepening of class divides and the intensification of inequalities. Analysis of official data shows that wealth has become concentrated in the hands of a minority, primarily through non-productive activities, rent-seeking, and speculation; this concentration has occurred even against a backdrop of zero or negative economic growth.The cultural consequence of this class's emergence is a sweeping value transformation. Conspicuous consumption and ostentation, as the primary path to self-esteem, have become the dominant and hegemonic content of the social atmosphere, profoundly impacting public culture and structures of desire.This article utilizes official secondary data and theoretical frameworks to first describe the economic emergence of this class and then critically analyze its cultural and value-based consequences. Findings indicate the cultural determinants of this emergence include: the disdain for productive labor and the legitimization of speculation; the transformation of status criteria; the normalization of corruption; the commodification of culture and ethics; and the erosion of social capital and trust.
Sociology
Ali Yousofi; Ruhollah Eslami
Abstract
Over the past four decades, Iranian society has repeatedly experienced political, economic, and social shocks and crises. Although these crises have at times activated social capital and generated short-term solidarity, weak institutional trust and the absence of structural reforms have prevented the ...
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Over the past four decades, Iranian society has repeatedly experienced political, economic, and social shocks and crises. Although these crises have at times activated social capital and generated short-term solidarity, weak institutional trust and the absence of structural reforms have prevented the consolidation of sustainable social cohesion.The findings indicate that the cycle of social cohesion and resilience in Iran is inherently unstable and intermittent.During periods such as the Reconstruction and Reform eras, infrastructure development policies, the expansion of higher education, relative improvements in social welfare, and the strengthening of the middle class contributed to higher levels of trust, participation, and social optimism, thereby fostering greater cohesion.By contrast, the suspension of reforms, the dominance of ideological approaches over national interests, political centralization and the neglect of social demands in subsequent years have led to the depletion of social capital, declining national belonging, the spread of administrative corruption, and the deepening of social cleavages.This instability stems from a centralized and non-reflexive policy making structure, the predominance of short-term security-oriented perspectives, and the lack of structural justice. Accordingly, rebuilding social cohesion requires a transition toward learning-oriented and participatory governance, alongside strengthened institutional trust, transparency, social justice, and the adoption of rational, Iran-centered policies.
Sociology
yarmohammad ghasemi; fatemeh havas beigi; reza vahdati
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to understand the students' narrative of the educational system. The research paradigm is interpretive; the approach is qualitative, and the method is narrative research. The field of study was male students of the first secondary school (Ilam city), and in-depth interviews ...
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The purpose of this study was to understand the students' narrative of the educational system. The research paradigm is interpretive; the approach is qualitative, and the method is narrative research. The field of study was male students of the first secondary school (Ilam city), and in-depth interviews were used to collect information and continued until theoretical saturation in 12 interviewees. Coding was used to analyze the data, and thematic analysis was used to categorize the codes. A total of 120 sub-themes, 33 main themes, and 10 meta-themes were obtained. These are: the conflict between coercion and freedom in presence, the institution of school as an island of imprisonment, empathetic educational leadership in school, the decline of cultural-social capital in school, in the pursuit of the ideal, the need to review disciplinary technology, blocking creativity and expertise, total inadequacy (educational infrastructure), lack of coherence in educational policies and inequality in the educational system. It can be said that students' evaluation of the educational system is twofold. This evaluation has a positive aspect due to the intimacy and friendship among students in school, and the second aspect is a negative evaluation with a more pronounced aspect.
Sociology
Sattar Parvin; Mofid Kourdi Borojeni; Mohammad Ali Haghdin
Abstract
This article employs a critical-empathetic approach to examine the pain and suffering of mine workers. The adverse conditions in iron ore mines are shown to disrupt workers' lives across physical, psychological, social, and economic dimensions. Using a qualitative phenomenological methodology, this study ...
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This article employs a critical-empathetic approach to examine the pain and suffering of mine workers. The adverse conditions in iron ore mines are shown to disrupt workers' lives across physical, psychological, social, and economic dimensions. Using a qualitative phenomenological methodology, this study explores the lived work experiences of 30 workers from a mine in eastern Iran, selected through purposive sampling and interviewed via semi-structured interviews.The findings indicate that workers' experiences consist of both negative aspects (relating to the individual, family, social, and workplace spheres) and positive aspects (at the individual and social levels). Additionally, the social consequences of work life are categorized into both positive and negative outcomes across these same dimensions. The research further reveals that mine workers experience social alienation and a low quality of work life. Therefore, the insights from this study can inform the development of support programs aimed at improving quality of work life indicators for mining workers in Iran.
Sociology
Ghader Balakhani
Abstract
The research problem is based on the insignificant share of people with disabilities in the social sciences literature. The research methodology is based on an integrated approach. Quantitative data was collected using a standard questionnaire from a statistical sample of 374 people. The research method ...
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The research problem is based on the insignificant share of people with disabilities in the social sciences literature. The research methodology is based on an integrated approach. Quantitative data was collected using a standard questionnaire from a statistical sample of 374 people. The research method is a qualitative approach of thematic content analysis. The analysis of quantitative data shows the concentration of basic needs that remain unanswered. Poverty, illness, worry, desirefulness, striving for dignity, being neglected, exclusion and humiliation are the extracted basic themes which were organized in the form of three themes of helplessness, striving to get past the limited body, the un-generalized other. Based on quantitative and qualitative findings, the overarching theme of "struggle to be with constrained embodiment" was used to describe the life world of these people. The life world of a person with a disability cannot be reduced to a disability, nor can one ignore his limited body in understanding his life world. The encounter of this human being with his own needs due to his limited tightness is a pure experience of subjectivity, an experience that can be a way to know the human kind.
Sociology
Mohammad Shamsi; Reza Hemmati; Mahdi Malmir
Abstract
Although all contemporary governments can be considered bureaucratic in a certain sense, experience has shown that bureaucracies exhibit varying qualities across different societies. Achieving a high quality of bureaucracy especially in developing countries requires the presence of diverse social, economic, ...
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Although all contemporary governments can be considered bureaucratic in a certain sense, experience has shown that bureaucracies exhibit varying qualities across different societies. Achieving a high quality of bureaucracy especially in developing countries requires the presence of diverse social, economic, political, and cultural conditions. This study, employing a comparative-qualitative approach and utilizing fuzzy-set logic methodology, investigates the causal conditions influencing the quality of bureaucracy across twenty developing countries worldwide. The findings from the necessity and sufficiency tests indicate that accountability, transparency, and oversight as components of political development alongside administrative reformism constitute sufficient conditions for attaining the quality of bureaucracy in developing nations. Bureaucratic autonomy, as a component of a capable state, is identified as a necessary condition for realizing this goal. Additionally, the results of the conjunctural causality test reveal that the combination of oversight, economic globalization, and the absence of a rentier economy along with either administrative reformism or bureaucratic autonomy forms a strong causal configuration for achieving the quality of bureaucracy. The consistency and overall coverage scores for this configuration were 0.95 and 0.62, respectively.
Sociology
alireza Haddadi
Abstract
Utilizing big data available in cyberspace, this article employs a framework to measure governance social capital. The computational social science method has examined the perceptions of the statistical population of users on Twitter, Instagram, and Telegram across four periods in the year 1401 , addressing ...
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Utilizing big data available in cyberspace, this article employs a framework to measure governance social capital. The computational social science method has examined the perceptions of the statistical population of users on Twitter, Instagram, and Telegram across four periods in the year 1401 , addressing the challenges to governance social capital during the Iranian protests.The results indicate that this composite index underwent a sharp declining trend coinciding with the protest events, decreasing by 11.46 percent within a 0 to 100 range in terms of sentiment analysis. The findings are consistent with theories that frame protests as a signal of reduced trust and institutional weakness in the performance of governance values, as well as a violation of the social contract. The study identifies seven key challenges to governance social capital in the context of the 1401 protests in Iran: disruption in the public sphere, structural inefficiency and recourse to expediency in crisis, an ambiguous and unpromising future horizon, reduced public resilience, the activation of social fault lines against the government, a crisis of the intermediary class and civil society accompanied by diminished participation, the discrediting of the benevolence of officials, and the devaluation of shared values and national identity.
Sociology
siavash gholipoor; alireza moradi; asra alromahi
Abstract
پدیده خودکشی در کشور به نسبت میانگین جهانی در وضعیت نرمالی قرار دارد؛ اما به نظر میرسد واریانس آن در بین گروههای اجتماعی و به ویژه استانهای کشور بالاست. به طوری که ...
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پدیده خودکشی در کشور به نسبت میانگین جهانی در وضعیت نرمالی قرار دارد؛ اما به نظر میرسد واریانس آن در بین گروههای اجتماعی و به ویژه استانهای کشور بالاست. به طوری که نرخ خودکشی در برخی از استانهای کشور همچون کرمانشاه، لرستان، کهگیلویه و بویراحمد و ایلام بالاتر از نرخ کشوری است. علاوه بر این، میزان گسترش این پدیده در مناطق حاشیهنشین بالاتر است و نرخ شیوع آن طی سالهای اخیر چشمگیر بوده است. بر این اساس، پژوهش حاضر به دنبال آن بوده است تا به فهمی در خصوص وضعیت و دلایل خودکشی در محلههای حاشیهنشین شهر کرمانشاه دست یازد. روش پژوهش حاضر ترکیبی و فنون گردآوری داده پرسشنامه و مصاحبه هستند. نتایج نشان میدهند که: 1. از اواسط دهه 40 خورشیدی تا کنون، 34 محله حاشیهنشین در شهر کرمانشاه به وجود آمدهاند که بالغ بر 30 درصد جمعیت شهر را تشکیل میدهند؛ 2. نرخ گرایش به خودکشی در محلات حاشیه-نشین، در سه بعد تفکر، قصد و اقدامات ناموفق خودکشی زیاد است؛ 3. وضعیت یاد شده متأثر از حاشیهنشینی، مشکلات اقتصادی و احساس نابرابری است؛ 4. حمایت اجتماعی به میزان زیادی مانع اصلی و بازدارنده خودکشی در میان افراد است.
Sociology
Mohammad Osman Hosseinbor; Aslam Balochzehi
Abstract
The present study aims to identify the factors involved in intensifying inter-ethnic conflict from the perspective of the Baluch minority. To this end, a theoretical model is proposed based on the research framework to examine the impact of evaluating government ethnic policies, feelings of discrimination, ...
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The present study aims to identify the factors involved in intensifying inter-ethnic conflict from the perspective of the Baluch minority. To this end, a theoretical model is proposed based on the research framework to examine the impact of evaluating government ethnic policies, feelings of discrimination, ethnocentric actions of ethnic elites, and national, ethnic, and religious identities. Data were collected using a survey method with a structured questionnaire. The sample consisted of 250 individuals selected via cluster sampling proportional to size. The collected data were analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). The results indicated that the evaluation of government ethnic policies (0.63**), evaluation of ethnic elites' ethnocentric actions (0.38**), sense of discrimination (0.27**), and national (-0.52**), religious (0.41**), and ethnic (0.34**) identities have a significant effect on inter-ethnic conflict from the perspective of the Baluch. Furthermore, among all significant variables, the evaluation of government ethnic policies had the strongest impact, while the feeling of discrimination had the weakest effect on inter-ethnic conflict.
Sociology
Seyed Mahdi Etemadifard; Ala Najmi
Abstract
In contemporary Iran, transgender life is caught in a paradoxical state of “legal acceptance” and “social exclusion.” The dominance of the medical-legal perspective has created a profound gap between “formal knowledge” (based on pathology) and “lived experience.” ...
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In contemporary Iran, transgender life is caught in a paradoxical state of “legal acceptance” and “social exclusion.” The dominance of the medical-legal perspective has created a profound gap between “formal knowledge” (based on pathology) and “lived experience.” Thus, this research analyzes the social construction of the transition process within this gap to understand how social actors narrate and experience this path. Conducted within the framework of critical constructivism, the study employs a two-phase qualitative methodology: reflexive thematic analysis of over 100 hours of Persian podcasts and participatory ethnography in Isfahan based on 80 hours of in-depth interviews with 15 transgender individuals and 5 specialists. Findings indicate that while public self-narratives formulate transition in a linear, five-stage model (disruption, translation and naming, institutional bargaining, temporary accommodation, re-creation), field evidence reveals lived reality as continuous structural suspension. Finally, drawing on critical symbolic interactionism, the study argues that this linear model is a symbolic struggle by the subject to impose order on chaos and achieve “legibility”- an effort that, paradoxically, leads to the reproduction of the linear logic desired by formal institutions.
Sociology
Seyed Esmaeil Masoudi; Mohammad Taghi Iman; Hossein Abbasi,
Abstract
This article examines the alignment of Peter Berger's theory of the "social construction of reality" with the 20th century's "linguistic turn." Using a documentary method, it analyzes textual data from Berger and other thinkers. The study first explores the role of language in the sociologies of Durkheim ...
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This article examines the alignment of Peter Berger's theory of the "social construction of reality" with the 20th century's "linguistic turn." Using a documentary method, it analyzes textual data from Berger and other thinkers. The study first explores the role of language in the sociologies of Durkheim and Weber, contextualizes the linguistic turn, and then compares these with Berger's views. The results show that while Berger did not explicitly use the term, he adopted the linguistic turn approach. He constructed his theory by advancing beyond the frameworks of Durkheim and Weber, based on a shift within the sociology of knowledge. The analysis deduces seven conceptual elements to demonstrate how Berger's social theory is founded on this linguistic approach, which he calls the "sociology of language." The conceptual relationship of these elements with "everyday life" is identified, and the implications of the "linguistic structure of everyday life" for social research in Iran are discussed.
Sociology
Yazdan Karimi monjarmooei; SeyedAlireza Afshani; Ali Ruhani; mohammad mobaraki; Ahmad kalateh sadati
Abstract
Grief is a complex set of emotions, thoughts, and behaviors that individuals experience in response to loss or the threat of loss. One of the most significant contexts in which grief is commonly experienced is within the family, suggesting that grief is a fundamentally familial phenomenon. Accordingly, ...
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Grief is a complex set of emotions, thoughts, and behaviors that individuals experience in response to loss or the threat of loss. One of the most significant contexts in which grief is commonly experienced is within the family, suggesting that grief is a fundamentally familial phenomenon. Accordingly, this study aimed to explore the experience of grief in organ donor families. Employing a qualitative approach based on Moustakas's transcendental phenomenological method, the study involved 17 organ donor families selected through purposive sampling. Data collection utilized in-depth interviews. The gathered data were analyzed under two main themes and six subthemes. These themes and subthemes encompass: grief (normal grief, psychosomatic grief, and complicated grief) and grief self-management (emotional self-regulation, spiritual self-care, sense of aliveness, family empathy, commemorative therapy, and family support). The findings revealed that grief is a multifaceted process, with organ donor families experiencing it at varying levels. These different levels have been associated with diverse physical and psychological consequences for family members. Organ donor families also managed their grief by turning to spirituality, expressing empathy and compassion for other families, regulating their emotions and feelings, seeking emotional support from their families, receiving positive feedback, and participating in commemorative ceremonies
Sociology
Zahra Ebrahimiazar; Mohammadsalar Kasraie
Abstract
By the emergence of the Web 2.0, internet users gain opportunities for interaction and participation, enabling agency and, consequently, struggle over the establishment of meanings and discursive struggles. This study centers on the Instagram social network, aiming to examine how semantic frameworks ...
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By the emergence of the Web 2.0, internet users gain opportunities for interaction and participation, enabling agency and, consequently, struggle over the establishment of meanings and discursive struggles. This study centers on the Instagram social network, aiming to examine how semantic frameworks of political activist discourses are constructed within this platform. For this purpose, the discourse analysis approach by Laclau and Mouffe was employed. The study's population comprised posts from activists published in 1401 (2022-2023), selected through non-random, purposive sampling. The sample included ten activists claiming activism in a specified field within their Instagram biographies and participating in a targeted political campaign. The research’s text consisted of activists' posts and captions, analyzed by categorizing data and employing meta-textual articulation. The results of the research indicated that two major discourses—Constitutionalism and Republicanism—prevailed among Iranian Instagram activists, with the nodal points of "constitutional government" and "secular republic." Which are bridged by two sub-discourses of “unity” and “transformation” with "union" and "development" as their nodal point. The political activism among them is in struggle over the meanings of “freedom”, “democracy”, “women's issue”, “alternative governance system”, “uniformity” versus “plurality”, "unity", "transformation and reforms".
Sociology
ali yaghoobi
Abstract
The main objective of this study is to examine the concepts, translations, and Simmelian reception in Iran. According to the findings, during the first period—coinciding with the establishment of the University of Tehran and the discipline of sociology—Simmel’s thought was not only ...
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The main objective of this study is to examine the concepts, translations, and Simmelian reception in Iran. According to the findings, during the first period—coinciding with the establishment of the University of Tehran and the discipline of sociology—Simmel’s thought was not only overlooked in Iran but also lacked a serious position in Western contexts. In the second period, with the founding of the Institute for Social Research in 1958, Simmel occupied a marginal place within the dominant currents of Iranian sociology—namely, positivists and leftists—and a blurred image of him emerged in the academic sphere. The third period was marked by resistance against sociology in Iran, with the discipline primarily addressing the disadvantaged social classes, while no substantial difference from the preceding stage was observed. In the fourth period, during the 1990s, significant domestic and international developments took place. Post-revolutionary Iranian society transitioned from a revolutionary to a consumer society. Within this context, the concept of lifestyle came to occupy a central position in the humanities and social sciences, and more of Simmel’s works and concepts were translated and produced in Iran.
Sociology
Ahmad Reza (semko) BARZIDEH; Mohammad Taghi Karami; Mohammad Mollaabbasi
Abstract
This study examines the Shift in the legal order of Iran during the Safavid era- a period in which legal authority transitioned from a sovereign and bureaucratic structure toward a jurisprudent and jurisprudence-centered order. Contrary to descriptive or single-factor approaches that attribute this transformation ...
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This study examines the Shift in the legal order of Iran during the Safavid era- a period in which legal authority transitioned from a sovereign and bureaucratic structure toward a jurisprudent and jurisprudence-centered order. Contrary to descriptive or single-factor approaches that attribute this transformation solely to the alliance between the Safavid state and Shiite clerics, this research employs an integrated conceptual framework, encompassing Herbert Hart’s theory of secondary rules, Max Weber’s analysis of legitimacy, and Pierre Bourdieu’s theory of the legal field, to analyze this transformation as a reconfiguration of social forces, legal institutions, and mechanisms of legitimacy. Analyzing historical sources, royal decrees, and institutional structures of the Safavid period reveals that this shift resulted from the gradual transfer of symbolic capital and legal authority from the monarchy to jurisprudent fiqh, ultimately solidifying a model of legal order whose traces are discernible in contemporary Iran’s legal system. By framing the problem at the levels of rules, legitimacy, and field, this study offers a multifaceted explanation of this transformation and, thereby, contributes beyond prior studies to understanding the historical roots of the institution of fiqh in Iran’s official law.
Sociology
rohollah eslami; Ali Entezari
Abstract
The expression of the social problem of law in Iran by emphasizing the concept of anomie and considering the state as sickness is disagree with Durkheim's sociology of law. Introducing the rules for the distinction of sickness and health, three criteria from the perspective of sociology of law are identified ...
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The expression of the social problem of law in Iran by emphasizing the concept of anomie and considering the state as sickness is disagree with Durkheim's sociology of law. Introducing the rules for the distinction of sickness and health, three criteria from the perspective of sociology of law are identified to evaluate the state: 1) a degree of law non-obedience is normal and It is necessary and also useful; 2) The State is the agent of the collective conscience in legislating, and the statutory law arising from the collective conscience is normal; and 3) the normative rules are connected in the collective conscience and the connection of the statutory law with other normative rules is normal in the constellation of social control. By referring to the previous researches, we examine the three types of law non-obedience as well as the changes in the social context of the law and conclude that these three types cannot be considered abnormal. If we interpret the evidences of law non-obedience as an indicator of society health, then we can identify the factors affecting the occurrence of each type of law non-obedience, and offer specific policy recommendations to the legislators to improve the specific law.
Sociology
siavash gholipoor; nader amiri; ziba ahmadi
Abstract
This article examines the process of construction of meaning in Jafarabad neighborhood in Kermanshah metropolis. The theoretical framework of the research is based on the opinions of Rob Shields about ‘social spatialization’. The research method is ethnography and data collection techniques ...
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This article examines the process of construction of meaning in Jafarabad neighborhood in Kermanshah metropolis. The theoretical framework of the research is based on the opinions of Rob Shields about ‘social spatialization’. The research method is ethnography and data collection techniques include interview and observation. The findings of the research show that the poverty of the infrastructure and service facilities of the neighborhood along with the various activities of the residents in their everyday life has caused a kind of ‘social spatialization’ around the neighborhood, which is supported by many images. 1. The Jafarabad peoples' encounter with the Lats at the beginning of the formation of the neighborhood led to the creation of the myth-space of "Bravery" and "Courage" in the neighborhood; 2. Repeated mass fights gradually added the concept of "violence" to it; 3. The lack of public spaces, along with women living in alleys, caused the emergence of a "rural" image in the neighborhood; 4. In the last four decades, a dynamic and self-sustaining economy in the field of waste, livestock sales and chicken sales started in the neighborhood, which made the face of the neighborhood ugly in terms of morphology. ".
Sociology
meysam shamsi gooshki; vahid shalchi; mohammadtaghi karami ghahi
Abstract
According to the influential reading of the Constitutional Revolution, Constitutionalism is equated with the justice, freedom, and law. Many historians of thought also explain the transformations of this historical period by theorizing with concepts of identity crisis. This study, in distinction from ...
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According to the influential reading of the Constitutional Revolution, Constitutionalism is equated with the justice, freedom, and law. Many historians of thought also explain the transformations of this historical period by theorizing with concepts of identity crisis. This study, in distinction from these perspectives, employs Michel Foucault's methods, problematizing the two significant events of the Iran- Russia wars and the spread of infectious diseases such as cholera and plague. It examines the context in which the prevailing political discourse and the established semantic and symbolic order of society collapsed. Though these explanations are not consistent with the identity-related interpretations and concepts, an analysis of the writings of Qajar intellectuals leads to the conclusion that neither the pursuit for justice nor for freedom were the fixed signifiers of the Constitutional discourse; Rather, these are empty signifiers that serve the fixed signifiers, which is "regulating the State". The findings of this study indicate that Constitutionalism is more a discourse about order and regulation than a discourse about liberation and freedom. It seeks a government capable of exerting greater control over the people, monitoring various aspects of their lives and most importantly, capable of shaping a populace which can serve this government.
Sociology
alireza Haddadi
Abstract
Using meta-analysis of social capital surveys in terms of conceptual and methodological and meta-analysis of theoretical literature and expert analysis, this article presents a framework for measuring social capital containing three pillars, eight indicators and forty indicators. Also, the mathematical ...
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Using meta-analysis of social capital surveys in terms of conceptual and methodological and meta-analysis of theoretical literature and expert analysis, this article presents a framework for measuring social capital containing three pillars, eight indicators and forty indicators. Also, the mathematical logic of reaching the amount of social capital among multiple variables, which is based on the inductive method, is explained. Using the perspective of thinkers and experts in this field, instead of the traditional three-level model of micro, medium and macro, this article focuses on measuring the social capital of governance and the three pillars of "social trust", "improvement of the nation-state relationship" and "social participation". It has been introduced as the most important elements of its measurement. These pillars have been redefined in the relationship between the government and the nation and have been specialized for the governance of political systems. Due to the direct presence of people in the virtual space, this pattern can be monitored indirectly through the network traces of people. Therefore, each of the pillars, identifiers and indicators with theoretical weighting and contextual is effective in calculating the amount of the final social capital.
Sociology
muhammad amirpanahi; fateme namiyan
Abstract
Numerous studies have been conducted regarding women's sense of social security; however, the findings in this field are scattered, isolated, diverse, and lack interconnection.Given the importance of this issue, an effort has been made to answer the question of what sociological factors generally ...
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Numerous studies have been conducted regarding women's sense of social security; however, the findings in this field are scattered, isolated, diverse, and lack interconnection.Given the importance of this issue, an effort has been made to answer the question of what sociological factors generally affect women's feelings of social security and to what extent these factors explain it, in order to summarize and align the results of the research. The research methodology is a quantitative meta-analysis using the CMA2 software. The aim of this method is to provide coherence, a systematic review, and standardization of studies conducted in a specific research field. The statistical population consists of 25 studies conducted in the 2010s, selected for meeting the statistical conditions required for the research, with the goal of combining and identifying the extent of the impact of variables. The findings of the study indicate that women's feelings of social security, as the main dependent variable, are influenced by factors such as media usage, social trust, cultural capital, social cohesion, social participation, poverty, and women's subordination. Each of these variables has been able to explain a portion of the changes in women's security.Keywords: women's sense of social security, Meta-Analysis, Cultural Capital, Social Participation, Poverty, And Subordination. IntroductionThe sense of social security in women, as one of the important indicators of social development and quality of life, has attracted the attention of researchers and policymakers in recent years. In Iran, despite efforts to improve social security, women still face numerous challenges in this area. The feeling of security refers to an individual's experience and perception of the security situation in their environment. This feeling can be influenced by various factors, such as past experiences, available information in society, and the level of trust in social institutions and other individuals. Despite numerous studies on sense of social security among women in Iran, the results of these studies sometimes appear contradictory and scattered. These differences may arise from variations in methodology, sampling, or different definitions of the feeling of security. Therefore, conducting a comprehensive meta-analysis of these studies could help identify common patterns, influential factors, and research gaps.Research Question(s)What sociological factors have influenced women's sense of social security?To what extent do these factors explain it? Literature ReviewThis study, as a meta-analytic research, does not follow a specific theoretical framework. Therefore, the discussions related to theoretical foundations and concepts associated with the research topic are primarily aimed at familiarizing and acquainting with the conceptual and theoretical space of the studies examined in this research. Consequently, a conceptual or theoretical framework is not relevant here. Concepts such as sense of social security, social factors, structural conditions, gender, etc., constitute the conceptual space of the research. Initially, in order to better understand the conceptual space of social security, we will examine its distinction from other forms of security. Then, by exploring the concept of social security, the most important theoretical approaches that have been used in the studies reviewed in the meta-analysis will be introduced. MethodologyThe present study is a (quantitative) meta-analysis. Meta-analysis is the combination, integration, and unification of studies conducted in a specific field. This method is used for systematic review. There are two major families of effect sizes, d and r. In the (d) family, there are three important and relatively similar elements, namely (d) Cohen (1977), (g) Hedges (1987), and Glass delta. The statistical population of the present study is all research conducted in Iran from 2011 to 2019 on the subject of women's security, which has been registered in the scientific databases (SID), (Noormags), and (Magiran). From more than 36 identified studies on "women's sense of social security", finally 25 research documents were selected that fit the criteria of quantitative meta-analysis (correlation coefficient, sample size, significance level, research quality, research validity and reliability, survey). After initial classification, typology, and description of the studies, research variables that were repeated more than twice in the studies were entered into the CMA2 software to determine the effect size and its correlation coefficient. ConclusionThe factors identified in this study—media usage, social trust, cultural capital, social cohesion, social participation, poverty, and women's subordination—provide valuable insights into the complex outlook of women's sense of security in Iranian society. The conclusion of this meta-analysis indicates that women's feelings of social security in Iran are influenced by a complex interaction of factors, including the impact of media, social trust, cultural capital, social cohesion, participation, and economic vulnerability.By addressing the multidimensional factors identified in this study, a society can be approached where women feel empowered, secure, and equal in shaping their own future.
Sociology
davood parchami; fatemeh Deralhshan
Abstract
Prostitution is a significant social issue present in all societies, characterized by various facets and influenced by numerous factors. Solutions often focus on addressing the root causes, which range from individual biological and psychological backgrounds to broader macroeconomic, social, cultural, ...
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Prostitution is a significant social issue present in all societies, characterized by various facets and influenced by numerous factors. Solutions often focus on addressing the root causes, which range from individual biological and psychological backgrounds to broader macroeconomic, social, cultural, and legal structures within society. This study employs a comparative method centered on capital-oriented social order theory, examining the experiences of several countries (specifically the Nordic model, South Africa, and India) that have successfully managed to mitigate this phenomenon. The proposed solutions aim to reduce the harms associated with prostitution by enhancing cultural, social, and economic capital through reforms in economic, legal, and social structures. The experiences of these selected countries indicate that many societies, particularly in the West, adopt a pathological view of prostitution. Consequently, governments, in collaboration with non-governmental organizations and community members, are striving to control prostitution through legal and judicial policies while empowering vulnerable women across various psychological, cultural, social, and economic dimensions. A key focus is placed on reducing demand.
