mahdie hamzei; alireza hoseyni pakdehi; ali asghar kia
Volume 16, Issue 45 , August 2009, , Pages 25-61
Abstract
This article attempts to compare the function of four newspapers (Keyhan, Ettelaat, Etemad and Etemad melli) in addiction control. The method of research was content analysis and some of the variables considered in this stady were: the name of the newspaper story styles, story subjects, story nature, ...
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This article attempts to compare the function of four newspapers (Keyhan, Ettelaat, Etemad and Etemad melli) in addiction control. The method of research was content analysis and some of the variables considered in this stady were: the name of the newspaper story styles, story subjects, story nature, attitudes toward addiction, types of narcotics in the title and lead that were published and reflected in these newspapers. The theoretical bases of the study was agenda-setting theory and gatekeeping approach. To analyse and copmare the functionality of the above - mentioned newspapers, the article studied all related news and contents that were published in four newspapers (Keyhan, Ettelaat, Etemad and Etemad melli) during June 26, 2006- June 26, 2007. Using Chi Square (X2 for the analysis findings show that thee is a meaningful difference beween the dependent and independent variables.
Hossein Mirzaei
Abstract
The issue of the immigrants’ adaptation to the destination society has always been one of the main subjects in immigration studies attracting researchers and politicians. Like any other immigrant community, Iranian diaspora in France whose presence in the country goes back at least to the Qajar ...
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The issue of the immigrants’ adaptation to the destination society has always been one of the main subjects in immigration studies attracting researchers and politicians. Like any other immigrant community, Iranian diaspora in France whose presence in the country goes back at least to the Qajar period are struggling to adapt to their new society. The theme of cultural adaptation involving from complete rejection to total conformity it puts people in different positions on the spectrum, obviously, people from both ends of the spectrum usually make up a few number of immigrants and most of this community is between these two places. Different generations are also facing their own challenges; the first generation is engaged with cultural rebuilding and reconstruction. The second generation is struggling with identity issues that are much deeper and more complex than the first generation. The third generation has neither integration nor identity problem, and generally, the extent of his connection to the original community depends only on the efforts of his family, otherwise he could be a French citizen or a universal citizen without hometown in the true sense of the word. In this article, the researcher tries to present his anthropological analysis, regarding his own experienced life and the observations and interviews he has had in France, in more than five years.
mahmud jome poor
Volume 13, Issue 33 , May 2006, , Pages 27-64
Abstract
The technology related to the construction and use of Qanats developed in Iran since ancient times to take advantage of the underground water resources in arid regions. In most cases however, Qanats are more than just a,vay of using underground water. They represent a unique and integrative system of ...
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The technology related to the construction and use of Qanats developed in Iran since ancient times to take advantage of the underground water resources in arid regions. In most cases however, Qanats are more than just a,vay of using underground water. They represent a unique and integrative system of indigenous knowledge and wisdom in sustainable management of land, water, and agricultural biodiversity, as well as extensive collaboration in agricultural communities. At present, many tacrors threaten the Qanat systems in Iran as well as worldwide. Climate change, increasing risks of desertification, over-consumption of freshwater resources, Introduction of DC\\' technologies, as well as inadequate policies have all contributed to the degradation of ingenious system or Qanat construction ancJ maintenance. Studying Qanat system in Kashan area in Iran reveals that there is an urgent need for the protection and revival of the existing network or Qanat systems in arid regions of Iran and worldwide,
yar mohammad ghasemi; eshagh gheysarian
Volume 15, Issue 40 , March 2008, , Pages 27-51
Abstract
The present study aims at examining factors affecting child mortality in Ilam province of Iran. Regarding the issue, the study considers relationships between social exclusion and population indicators and child mortality. The method of research is Suruey and the subjects include all married women ranged ...
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The present study aims at examining factors affecting child mortality in Ilam province of Iran. Regarding the issue, the study considers relationships between social exclusion and population indicators and child mortality. The method of research is Suruey and the subjects include all married women ranged 15 to 49 who at least managed to give birth to a healthy baby. Theories of social exclusion and child mortality are used as the theoncal basis of the study. Based on the data obtained, the average size of the families was 4.9; the mean time interred between the births was 42 months; the mean for the children ever born was 3.05 and the mean for the children surviving was 2.5. multi variable logistic regression analysis for the whole province, the indicators of population, social exclusion and the type of marriage had significant impact on mortality rate. in the cities, however, socil exclusion, the type of marriage, and the awareness about child-care had significant impact. Finally, in rural areas, the indicators of population, social exclusion, nutration, and the type of marriag remained in the model.
ali janadleh
Abstract
Institutional Relations between State and Society in Pre-Modernized Iran (Criticizing the Theory of Historical Gap Between the State and the Nation in Iran and Providing an Alternative View) Ali janadleh[1] Received: 5/6/2016 Accepted: 10/10/2016 Abstract In most ...
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Institutional Relations between State and Society in Pre-Modernized Iran (Criticizing the Theory of Historical Gap Between the State and the Nation in Iran and Providing an Alternative View) Ali janadleh[1] Received: 5/6/2016 Accepted: 10/10/2016 Abstract In most socio-historical studies, the gap between the state and the nation has been introduced as a historical and inherent feature of the traditional Iranian society. This means that the state's lack of external legitimacy, as well as the lack of procedures that determine the rights and duties of the state and society, have led to the alienation of social forces and the state of each other, and the historical gap between state and society. Hence the only relationship between these two was the exercise of unilateral domination by the state over society and obedience and subordination of society to the state. Referring to the historical institutionalism approach and using Reactive sequences analysis, this article provides an alternative narrative of the relation between state and nation. In this narrative, on the contrary, to the theory of the historical gap between the state and the nation, the mutual needs of the state and social forces led to a specific institutional configuration in the Iranian society, that was based on a complex network of interactions between the four main institutions of central government, the clergy, tribes and the market, resulting in relatively stable institutional balance between these institutions. This institutional configuration was rooted in a series of Reactive sequences, which brought about the formation of the Safavid government based on numerous tribal and ideological foundations. [1].Asistant Professor of women Studies, Allameh Tabataba'i University. a.janadleh@gmail.com
Sociology
Masoud Chari sadegh; Ahmadreza Asgharpourmasouleh; Gholamreza Sedigh Ouraee; Mehdi Kermani; Mahdi Feizi
Abstract
This study explores the action, conditions governing the action, practical factors, and strategic approaches of the builders in the housing market. It is an exploratory, qualitative, applied, and cross-sectional research. Accordingly, a systematic analysis of the in-depth interview with 25 people in ...
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This study explores the action, conditions governing the action, practical factors, and strategic approaches of the builders in the housing market. It is an exploratory, qualitative, applied, and cross-sectional research. Accordingly, a systematic analysis of the in-depth interview with 25 people in the housing market in Mashhad was conducted using the Strauss and Corbin's ground theory method. As a result, 256 sub-categories were obtained, and after several coding steps, finally, based on selective coding, the central phenomenon was called "technocratic builders in the struggle for interest and credit". The obtained paradigmatic model included a set of conditions. For example, ground conditions have been formulated as "the economic situation of the metropolitan of Mashhad" and "socio-cultural changes in the pattern of urban housing". Interventional conditions include "decline expertise of housing construction", and "the evolution of the share of land value in housing prices". Causal conditions include "the ability to manage multiple activities", "having the necessary capital or the possibility to absorb it" and "awareness of market conditions". Taking strategies such as "participatory construction", "continuous construction" and "change in construction pattern" lead to the consequences like the "periodic ups and downs at the level of builder performance", "involving with the challenge of balancing profit and loss".
kaeem badie
Volume 2, Issue 3.4 , May 1993, , Pages 29-55
Ardeshir Entezari; Fatemeh Derakhshan
Abstract
According to the prevailing approach to development, the path of growth, at various micro and macro levels, is through production and focus on high value-added industries such as cultural industries.Planning and management in the process of production,distribution and consumption of cultural products ...
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According to the prevailing approach to development, the path of growth, at various micro and macro levels, is through production and focus on high value-added industries such as cultural industries.Planning and management in the process of production,distribution and consumption of cultural products is one of the most well-known and important tasks of governments in the world, which is considered as the main axis in the development of Economics of culture(DOEC).Government role-playing in EC needs characteristics to facilitate the development process. One of the most important of these indicators, which is based on the existence of institutional infrastructure, is the combined indicators of good governance(GG).The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between GG indicators and the DOEC of countries.Using the method of comparative-quantitative analysis among 20 developed and developed countries in EC and Iran, the DOEC and GG has been studied. The results show that Iran's DOEC and GG indicators are far from developed and developed countries and this indicates the underdevelopment of Iran's EC. Also, the results of correlation analysis and multiple regression show that there is a direct relationship between the index of GG and the DOEC of these countries with an acceptable intensity(R2 = 0.50).
Sociology
Ali Ayar; Moosa Anbari
Abstract
Using the critical ethnography method, this research examines the effect of developmental interventions on the social space and economic activity of local communities in the Middle Zagros site (Ilam and Lorestan provinces). The findings indicate that the development has put the pre-intervention ...
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Using the critical ethnography method, this research examines the effect of developmental interventions on the social space and economic activity of local communities in the Middle Zagros site (Ilam and Lorestan provinces). The findings indicate that the development has put the pre-intervention life world, which was dominated by social issues, under the attack of economic issues. In the process of developmental intervention, the cultural capacities and traditions that connect and help local economic activities have been neglected. Instead, official and capital-oriented government programs have been expanded in objective and subjective dimensions. The result of the weakening of popular traditions is the rise of new pseudo-technocratic groups that consider local cultural values such as hard work, contentment, cooperation, and generosity as symbols of backwardness. In fact, native activists, as new self-directed productive managers, have become those who are caught in the trap of donations, loans, and hires to market their labor force and provide their livelihood. In order to show this reduction, the metaphor of the walnut tree as a symbol of a hardworking, connected, and diligent nature-oriented society, and the eucalyptus tree as a symbol of borrowed intervention, a consuming, pretentious, and discrete society have been used. With the deterioration of the local community, cooperative economic actions, hard work, and contentment have been limited, and consumer-oriented, discrete, and completely profitable economic competitions have taken their place.
Keywords: Critical Ethnography, Intervention, Developers, Local Community, Economic Action, Social Existence.
Introduction
Developmental interventions have been associated with positive achievements and improvement of some welfare and social indicators. However, in cases where these interventions have been implemented disproportionately with the social existence, they have also had a negative side. Local communities in Iran have experienced various interventions and authoritarian changes in the name of development since the beginning of the Pahlavi period. This research is an attempt to explain how, with developmental interventions, the whole existence in collectivist and ethical communities was reduced to an economic matter, and altruistic, cooperative, tolerant, altruistic, and hospitable people turned into relatively selfish and profit-seeking people. How, in a paradoxical situation, despite the dominance of the economy, need and poverty have spread?
Conceptual Framework
In order to create theoretical sensitivity in understanding and interpreting developmental interventions, the following theoretical concepts have been used. According to Durkheim, society is an independent reality that moves and evolves according to the coordinates of its existence, which cannot be changed from the outside or by force. Therefore, the forced division of labor is considered to be the cause of social disorder. By presenting an understanding of society as a system, Nolan and Lenski provide us with the insight that interventions by changing some components of a system provide the context for changing other components. Habermas' system- life-word conceptual system relies on the proposition that with the separation between the life-world and the system, the life-world is colonized by the system.
Materials and Methods
The present research has used the multi-sited ethnography method by adopting a qualitative approach. Critical ethnography goes behind the scenes and disrupts neutral and certain-considered assumptions. To collect data, observation, in-depth interviews, group discussions, situational conversations, and site notes have been used. The analysis has been done by repeatedly reviewing different data, going back and forth to the site in order to saturate the theory and extract the main themes. The studied site is generally Middle Zagros, i.e., Lorestan and Ilam provinces, but six places, including two cities and four villages in Ilam and Lorestan provinces, have been selected. According to the multi-sited ethnographic approach, the researcher has explored one event, which is developmental interventions in several sites. To check the ability to confirm and transfer research or qualitative validity, on the one hand, organized themes with experts. On the other hand, propositions extracted from qualitative data have been shared with participants. Furthermore, the long-term presence of the researcher, multi-dimensionalization of data, rich description, and triangulation have been used for validation.
Findings
In this research, in order to understand the effect of developmental interventions in the local communities of Iran, a multi-site critical ethnography method in the Ilam and Lorestan provinces has been used. After analyzing the data, the authors were able to extract six comprehensive concepts to understand the effect of these interventions. These themes are: from accompanying the social matter to the dominance of the economic matter, from cultural capacities to cultural programs, the arrival of developmentalists, draining the social life-world, and the emergence of snobbism: from work as an identity to work as a disgrace, from the traditions of helping charity and being hired, and from the connected society to rival communities.
Conclusion
Although developmental interventions have had undeniable achievements for local communities, in many cases, due to the lack of fit with the environment, they have ultimately harmed the social entity because it has placed the society in which the social matter was dominant and its economic actions were managed and understood with altruistic and communal social logic in the onslaught of the economic matter. Developers with subjective and objective interventions, including symbolic violence centered on media and education, first introduced and humiliated the huge cultural reserves, institutions, and systems that help economic action as a hindrance and obstacle to development and then provided the ground for their destruction. Due to their interventions in different aspects of life in local communities, the opportunities for native economic activity were reduced day by day. As a result of these interventions, activists are experiencing forms of poverty by destroying the social context in the absence and collapse of supporting institutions and systems. The metaphor from walnut to eucalyptus is employed to show the change of direction from an industrious, interconnected, and belonging society to one's fellows and the environment to a discrete, consuming, and indifferent society to one's fellows and the environment.
Acknowledgments
This article is extracted from the corresponding author's postdoctoral research project. Therefore, the authors consider it their duty to acknowledge and thank the honorable heads and respected staff of the Iran National Science Foundation (INSF) and the Institute of Social Studies and Research of the University of Tehran, as well as all the participants in the research.
mohamad abdollahi
Volume 14, Issue 38.39 , February 2008, , Pages 30-57
Abstract
Social capital is a complex and muhi-dimensional construction or concept. It has different types. levels, objective and subjective aspects. causes and consequences. characteristics which have not been made explicit theoretically and empirically. The classical social thinkers only considered the content ...
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Social capital is a complex and muhi-dimensional construction or concept. It has different types. levels, objective and subjective aspects. causes and consequences. characteristics which have not been made explicit theoretically and empirically. The classical social thinkers only considered the content of social capital. Among the contemporary social scientists such as Parsons. Habennas, Giddens. and Castells, some of the components and indices of social capital are dealt with. and yet among some others such as Bourdieu, Putnam. Fokuyama, the exact concept of social capital has been discussed explicitly. The latter group has developed the theoretical dimension of social capital. The empirical dimension of social capital has been considered by the states, international organizations. and social researchers. But in spite of considerable theoretical and empirical works published. there remain rnany theoretical and methodological problerns such as reductionist dualism, weak distinction between causes and consequences. and lack of theoretical integration of the empirical works. This article considers characteristics of social capital. A multi-dimensional scale has been developed its measurement. and an integrated theoretical model is offered for its analysis. All these as solution have been used 10 distinguish the types, levels, dimensions. and consequences and to define the main causes through multi-variant analysis. The results are presented as an applicable example for the measurement and analysis of social capital in Iran.
SeyedKamaleddin Moosavi; Sakineh Heidarpoor
fariborz dortaj
Abstract
In order to investigate the causes of drug abusing and dependence on it among war injured, the Sample of 380 war injured with various kinds of injuries and levels were selected by random stratified method and asked via the questionnaire which contained 39 questions. This questioner evaluated 5 areas ...
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In order to investigate the causes of drug abusing and dependence on it among war injured, the Sample of 380 war injured with various kinds of injuries and levels were selected by random stratified method and asked via the questionnaire which contained 39 questions. This questioner evaluated 5 areas of individual, social, economic, educational-cultural, Familial and legal causes. To assess the causes, chi-square test and sign test were used. Findings show that individual, economic and educational-cultural causes in comparison with social, familial and legal facts have more vital roles in misusing and dependence on drugs among war injured. Moreover, results emphasize on preventive measures in order to avoid further misusing and dependence on drugs among war injured.
Sociology
mohsen niazi; hadi afra
Abstract
Affected by the spread of modernism and reconstruction in the global field, and subsequently with the self-awareness resulting from the conditions and features of life in the modern world, a major part of our society is traditional, while part of it is modern and another part postmodern. Such a situation ...
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Affected by the spread of modernism and reconstruction in the global field, and subsequently with the self-awareness resulting from the conditions and features of life in the modern world, a major part of our society is traditional, while part of it is modern and another part postmodern. Such a situation is a cause for identity crisis, hence, the rising importance of identity and identity formation in sociology. Therefore, with the aim of the semantic reconstruction of the structure of the postmodern individual identity among the youth of the city of Bojnourd, the present study has employed a grounded theory method. The qualitative data were collected through in-depth interviews, and theoretical coding was used in order to analyze the information and develop a final theory. Through purposive sampling and also based on the theoretical saturation measure, 27 young people participated in this study, and the information was gathered through in-depth interviews and their understanding with regards to the postmodern individual identity was analyzed. Based on grounded theory, the findings are classified into ten general categories of consumerism, relativism, fluidity, reflective thinking, reference group, belief in the expressive self, selective identity, mass media, satisfaction, and lifestyle. The core category in this study is “the postmodern individual identity” which includes in itself the other main categories. The developed grounded theory has been presented in the form of a paradigm.
Aboutorab Talebi; Morteza Rostami Ghezeldaragh
Anthropology
Fariba Seddighi
Abstract
Minority groups are trying to define their group boundaries to maintain their identity. Time and calendar are the main means for building the identity of groups. Iranian Zoroastrians, who are the heirs of ancient Iranian religion and culture, construct their identity. Therefore, I want to understand ...
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Minority groups are trying to define their group boundaries to maintain their identity. Time and calendar are the main means for building the identity of groups. Iranian Zoroastrians, who are the heirs of ancient Iranian religion and culture, construct their identity. Therefore, I want to understand the reconstruction of Zoroastrians' identity in contemporary Iran, emphasizing the calendar. For this purpose, I focused on multi-sited ethnographic methods and documentary studies. Going back and forth between the field's findings and the anthropology theories determined that the reconstruction of identity boundaries accompanied the redefinition of their cultural elements such as ethical values and customs. According to the findings, Zoroastrians try to maintain their group boundaries by focusing on chronology and highlighting religious occasions. Also, by focusing on the Mehrgan, Sede, and Tirgan festivals, they link their identity to Iran and thus establish their link with Iranian national identity.IntroductionSince time is a fundamental concept for humans, they've developed clocks and calendars to keep track of it. Calendars play a vital role in connecting the past, present, and future. Additionally, assigning specific ceremonies to days or months allows calendars to serve as a tool for preserving national or group identity. Throughout history, this has led to political leaders manipulating calendars to align with their agendas. However, cultural groups often strive to maintain their own calendars.This phenomenon is evident in Iran's recent history. During the Pahlavi era, the official calendar underwent several changes. First, the lunar Hijri calendar was replaced with a solar Hijri one, with Arabic month names swapped for Iranian ones. Later, under Pahlavi II, the calendar briefly reflected the ideology of antiquarian nationalism. Following the Islamic Revolution, the official calendar shifted to reflect Islamic values, aligning with the new national identity being constructed. Notably, religious minority groups, like the Zoroastrians, often maintain their calendars to manage their religious practices and rituals.In essence, calendars act as tools for emphasizing group identity through the recording of important occasions. Recognizing the significance of calendars in defining group boundaries, this study aims to explore how the Zoroastrian calendar plays a role in reshaping the group identity of Zoroastrians, who consider themselves custodians of ancient Iranian heritage.Research Question(s)In this research, I want to answer two questions what are the Time policies of Zoroastrians against the official discourse? What do Zoroastrians use signs and symbols to redefine the insider group against the official discourse?Literature ReviewTo analyze this topic, I examined research on religious minorities worldwide, with a particular focus on studies conducted in Iran. Bekerman analyzed the experiences of minority groups and their strategies for preserving identity in the face of government policies. Sa'ad Salloum (2013) studied Iraqi minorities, concluding that understanding them requires attention to their historical and collective memory. Baussant (2013) investigated Jewish identity reconstruction, focusing on literary works, autobiographies, and historical figures.Research on Iranian minority groups can be divided into two main categories. The first group, including Sansarian (2000) and Amant (2011), analyzed how minority groups reconstruct their identities in opposition to government policies. The second group focused on internal changes within minority groups.MethodologyI conducted ethnographic research on Zoroastrian communities starting in 2016. This involved observing their ceremonies and conducting interviews. Initially, I planned to interview a Zoroastrian friend, but when my role shifted to a researcher, they became uncomfortable participating. As a result, I began exploring Zoroastrian neighborhoods to find other individuals willing to be interviewed.ResultsThe Zoroastrian calendar has served as a system for measuring time and organizing religious life. Under the Sassanid dynasty, Ardeshir and Tansar implemented reforms to strengthen the government, including calendar changes. Two major reforms occurred during this period, with the second focusing on religious aspects. The calendar continued to evolve after the arrival of Islam in Iran. Influenced by Indian seasonal calendars, Ki Khosrau sought to align Zoroastrian calculations with a new national calendar. He convinced Zoroastrian leaders in Yazd and Kerman, and in 1317, the seasonal chronology, known as the "ancient calendar," was adopted by Zoroastrians in Iran. Zoroastrians outside of Iran have also proposed calendar changes. Foreign scholars, concerned about the discrepancy between the official calendar and the Zoroastrian one, suggested modifications. Mobad proposed using the Jalali chronology as a more accurate system, but this change was not accepted. The Zoroastrian calendar plays a crucial role in reconstructing Zoroastrian identity. It serves as a reminder of religious ceremonies, including prayer times, dietary restrictions, and festival dates. The calendar also helps to preserve Zoroastrian cultural traditions, such as the emphasis on celebration and joy. Certain festivals, like Sede, Tirgan, Gahanbar Panji, and Mehrgan, are particularly important as they connect Zoroastrians to their Iranian national identity.ConclusionThose in power have historically sought to control time. Calendars, as tools for measuring time, offer a means to exert this control. By manipulating the emphasis on national and religious occasions, those in power can shape the way time is experienced. The Zoroastrian chronology serves as a reminder of religious beliefs and practices. It outlines specific times for prayer, dietary restrictions, and festivals. These reminders contribute to the formation of an ideal Zoroastrian identity, which is reflected in daily life, speech, and behavior. Beyond religious ceremonies, the chronology emphasizes festivals and celebrations. This focus on joy and national occasions creates another aspect of Zoroastrian identity. The chronology suggests that an ideal Zoroastrian should not mourn but celebrate even death. The chronology also highlights the importance of Iran and its national identity. Festivals like Tirgan, Mehrgan, and Sedeh emphasize the preservation of Iranian culture, which provides Zoroastrians with a sense of security and strength.AcknowledgmentsI am deeply thankful to the Zoroastrian communities in Yazd and Tehran for welcoming me and providing insightful answers to my inquiries. Their generosity has been invaluable in my exploration of Zoroastrian identity.
Seyed Mohammad Mahdizadeh; Abdolrahman Alizadeh
abolfazl ashrafi
Volume 7, Issue 11.12 , March 2001, , Pages 33-61
Abstract
"Social Identity" in the present study refers to an individual's conception, understanding, and evaluation of himself or herself in the eyes of others. or of the society. Whenever such a conception, understanding, or evaluation is positive, to the extent that an individual enjoys a stance, value, and ...
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"Social Identity" in the present study refers to an individual's conception, understanding, and evaluation of himself or herself in the eyes of others. or of the society. Whenever such a conception, understanding, or evaluation is positive, to the extent that an individual enjoys a stance, value, and respect among others, he/she will gain a positive sense of his/her social identity; otherwise, he/she will adopt a sense of social estrangement. The institutions of family, school, mass media.specially television and cinema, the government as well as peer groups contribute to the formation of social identity. Whenever such institutions provide a sense of social identity for individuals (specially adolescents), this sense will prevent their social deviances. The study was carried out among two adolescent groups (male & female): our hypothesis was:the lower the sense of social identity among adolescents, the greater the degree of their identification with the Western patterns of RAP and Heavy Metal. The result indicatea that social identity was effective in prevention of social deviances.
hadi khaniki; Habib rasi
Abstract
Designing Health messages is an interdisciplinary issue which stems from health communication area. What actually follows in this article is a review of TV health messages Framing effects from the audiences’ point of view. The Important question of the research is that how media products and its ...
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Designing Health messages is an interdisciplinary issue which stems from health communication area. What actually follows in this article is a review of TV health messages Framing effects from the audiences’ point of view. The Important question of the research is that how media products and its health related programs and messages lead in behavior changes in individuals and groups? In this study, health messages refer to direct or indirect messages (in the forms of movies, TV series and other shows) which discuss people’s personal and social health, including healthy lifestyles, preventions and disease treatments. Various Types of Health Messages include framing health messages, loss and gain framed health messages and one-way & two-sided messages. To measure attitudes of Tehran’s above15-years old inhabitants toward health messages and TV health related programs, the survey method of research has been chosen and after designing the questionnaire, distributing them among the 600 inhabitants of Tehran, the gathered data were processed by computer statistic software (SPSS). The most important result of this research is that documentary programs & visual reports about health issues, have the strong role in attracting the audience’s attentions. Also, the resource which gains the greatest rate is professionals, experts & experienced professors. From these two results, it could be concluded that from Audiences’ point of view the best pattern for presenting health messages on TV is documentary programs & visual reports by presence of professionals, experts & experienced professors.
Mohammad Zahedi Asl; Azam Pilevari
Abstract
The current study aims to recognize the cognitive processes of ex-addicts and their families with the method of grounded theory. The participants were chosen based on a purposeful sampling method, and sampling continued until the saturation point of data was reached. Hence, 18 ex-addicts and 20 ...
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The current study aims to recognize the cognitive processes of ex-addicts and their families with the method of grounded theory. The participants were chosen based on a purposeful sampling method, and sampling continued until the saturation point of data was reached. Hence, 18 ex-addicts and 20 family members took part in this research. Data were collected through observation, semi-structured interviews and reviewing documents, and the Corbin and Strauss coding system was used to analyze the data. The participants believed that addiction is treatable, that each person is responsible for their own behavior, and that they cannot change other people. They also believed the substance user to be responsible for his or her own addiction and treatment, they were focused on the present, and they believed the negative behaviors and previous relapses of the ex-addict to be rooted in his or her dependence to substances. Moreover, this group thought that if a substance user is treated with the Congress 60 method, an 11-month period of medication treatment, he or she will not be tempted to use again. They also claimed that after the treatment period, interacting with friends who are using substances would not pose problems.
Yaser Rastegar; Sima Hadi
Abstract
In multicultural societies, identity conflicts, especially indigenous/non-indigenous dualities, create an identifying source, and lead to identity challenges and conflicts. The purpose of the present study was to describe the perception and interpretation of the indigenous inhabitants of Bandar Abbas ...
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In multicultural societies, identity conflicts, especially indigenous/non-indigenous dualities, create an identifying source, and lead to identity challenges and conflicts. The purpose of the present study was to describe the perception and interpretation of the indigenous inhabitants of Bandar Abbas of the duality of indigenous identity and non-indigenous identity and to reveal its contexts and implications. The present study was conducted using qualitative research method and grounded theory strategy. Field data were obtained using purposive-theoretical sampling and interviews with 23 indigenous residents who have lived in the city for at least three generations and were finally analyzed based on three-step coding by Strauss and Corbin. Field findings indicate that the perception of indigenous residents of Bandar Abbas of non-indigenous residents is not inherent, but is based on the lived experience of actors and their social interactions. Participants gain an indigenous identity through their presence and life in their ancestral homeland, but interpret the non-native as a problematic other, because they see their economic interests as well as cultural values as somewhat lost. The consequence of this perception is the strengthening of cohesion within group against out group and the increase of ethnocentrism.
Sociology
Ardeshir Entezari; Fatemeh Derakhshan
Abstract
Cultural and artistic capacities are enhanced by utilizing the talents of vulnerable individuals, which strengthens their social skills and creates employment opportunities at both individual and community levels. Cultural and artistic empowerment programs have been successfully implemented in ...
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Cultural and artistic capacities are enhanced by utilizing the talents of vulnerable individuals, which strengthens their social skills and creates employment opportunities at both individual and community levels. Cultural and artistic empowerment programs have been successfully implemented in various vulnerable urban and rural areas worldwide, transforming these regions into well-known tourist destinations. This article employs a descriptive-analytical approach, utilizing available data and information to examine two case studies: one international and one domestic. The international example is La Rambla street in Barcelona, Spain, where the talents of marginalized individuals are showcased through live art performances. This initiative not only empowers vulnerable groups but also establishes La Rambla as one of the most attractive tourist centers. In Iran, similar initiatives have been observed, such as the empowerment of local women on Hormoz Island, who create art using the island’s colored sands. Additionally, the Yamal startup event on Qeshm Island has leveraged the region's environmental and cultural resources, fostering social participation among the local population and generating employment, particularly for women. As a result, these efforts have transformed the area into a popular tourist destination.
Keywords: Economy of Culture, Cultural and Artistic Capacities, Social Damage, Deprivation, Empowerment, Tourism.
Introduction
Social damage and congestion, along with their increasing trends, have created a worrying situation in the country. These issues arise not only from the abnormal or deviant behavior of individuals and existing weaknesses but are also often rooted in macro and structural problems, as well as a lack of attention to societal capacities and strengths. This neglect can lead to deprivation and various forms of social harm.
One of the most effective ways to prevent and control these harms is to leverage social, cultural, and economic capacities. By transforming the costs associated with social injuries into opportunities, we can utilize culture and art as key tools. Art provides numerous avenues to prevent and alleviate harms, particularly for vulnerable and marginalized groups. Many developed countries are investing in this area, drawing from their reserves and cultural heritage to harness the potential of art in reducing social issues.
The occurrence of social harms is influenced by various social and individual contexts. By identifying and utilizing existing cultural and artistic capabilities, we can purposefully empower vulnerable groups, enhance their employment opportunities, and ultimately generate income at both micro and macro levels, thereby fostering the cultural economy.
Our country possesses rich civilizational, cultural, and artistic resources that can be mobilized to support disadvantaged individuals and mitigate social harms. This can also attract tourism and strengthen the cultural economy. This article will examine both foreign and domestic examples, highlighting the role of culture and art in preventing, addressing, and reducing social harms, particularly poverty, while promoting tourism attractions within the framework of cultural economic development.
Therefore, the central question of this study is: How can we transform the threat of deprivation and the portrayal of social issues, which often elicits pity, into a capacity for sustainable alleviation of deprivation and the removal of urban blight?
Methodology
In this study, we aim to utilize the experiences gained from cultural and artistic empowerment programs targeting marginalized communities in vulnerable areas. A descriptive-analytical approach has been employed, utilizing library research methods. Various programs and policies for the cultural and artistic empowerment of disadvantaged groups have been successfully implemented worldwide, particularly in vulnerable urban areas and underutilized regions, such as villages, transforming them into renowned tourist destinations. One notable example is La Rambla in Barcelona, Spain. This street has been developed to harness the talents of economically disadvantaged individuals through live artistic performances. This initiative not only fosters social participation and income generation but also enhances the street's appeal as a tourist attraction.
In Iran, however, there are limited examples, especially in rural and marginalized areas, that could serve as models for broader societal application. One such example is the empowerment of local women on Hormoz Island through sand painting. This initiative, which leverages the island's environmental and cultural resources, has successfully engaged and employed women, ultimately transforming the area into a tourist destination. The necessary data, information, and images related to this topic have been gathered through documents, policies, reports, relevant websites, and the experiences and observations of researchers in both Spain and Iran.
Results
La Rambla is a prominent street in the center of Barcelona. Originally, the La Rambla route was a stream that often ran dry and was polluted. Today, it stands as one of the busiest centers in Barcelona, especially during peak tourist season. The street's popularity among visitors has transformed it into a vibrant hub for entertainment and sightseeing. As the most famous street in Barcelona, La Rambla exemplifies the city’s success in creating public spaces that encourage social interaction and walking as part of daily life. This has led to the creation of various job opportunities, making La Rambla a significant tourist attraction.
La Rambla has served as a lifeline for countless individuals seeking to earn a living through their art. Recognized as one of the most iconic pedestrian streets in the world, it provides a unique platform for street artists. However, alongside its advantages, the street also faces challenges that the government and municipality are working to address through various initiatives.
In contrast, two similar examples in Iran—Hormoz and Qeshm Islands—demonstrate their cultural and tourism potential. Hormoz Island, located in the Persian Gulf just 8 km from Bandar Abbas, is renowned for its geological diversity and has been dubbed a "geological paradise." A key strength of Hormoz Island lies in its local capacity for tourism and the attraction of visitors, which has been highlighted by Dr. Ahmed Nadalian in recent years. Local women have been trained to paint with the island’s-colored soil and sand or to create patterns on handmade objects, fostering their participation and employment.
The establishment of a museum on Hormoz Island has further influenced the island's tourism trajectory, transforming it into not just a tourist destination but also a hub for environmental and social artists. Additionally, the "Yamal" public events series, focused on innovation in cultural heritage, tourism, and handicraft development in Qeshm, organized by the startup Mammoth, plays a vital role in promoting sustainable development through local community participation. This initiative aims to reduce deprivation and generate income, aligning with land use and development planning that respects the local community’s cultural worldview and metatextual indicators, particularly emphasizing "native knowledge."
Such a community-oriented approach, aimed at reviving, preserving, and codifying the local knowledge of historical settlements, can help protect the limited natural resources and biodiversity that are at risk, while also supporting the often-marginalized residents.
Conclusions
Social harms do not necessarily require a pathological perspective; often, they need attention to the capacities and strengths that can help planners and implementers create conditions for overcoming these challenges. Cultural and artistic capacities in any society, especially those with a rich heritage, can not only prevent harm but also transform existing issues into strengths and opportunities.
Art, through social action, plays a crucial role in reducing social damage and alleviating poverty by changing the attitudes and mindsets of marginalized groups toward their circumstances and empowering them. Empowerment of the underprivileged is a process that enables individuals to organize themselves, develop self-awareness, and advocate for their rights, allowing them to make independent choices and gain control over resources, ultimately helping to eliminate their disadvantaged status.
On one hand, artistic abilities are essential for socializing individuals and fostering effective communication within society. On the other hand, by utilizing the cultural and artistic potential of vulnerable populations, we can strengthen their social skills, empower them, create employment opportunities, and provide conditions for income generation at both individual and societal levels, leading to economic development
mohamad zahediasl
Seyed Salar Kashani; Hossein Parviz Ejlali
Mohammadhossein Panahi; Somayeh Sadat Bani Fatemeh
Abstract
While the importance of social and political participation of women in the third World countries is increasing continuously, both for development of these societies and for self-realization of women themselves, it is becoming an essential issue for study. In this paper, we focus on the impact of women's ...
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While the importance of social and political participation of women in the third World countries is increasing continuously, both for development of these societies and for self-realization of women themselves, it is becoming an essential issue for study. In this paper, we focus on the impact of women's political culture on their political participation. Referring Inglehart's theory and other theories related to the impact of political culture on political participation, we advanced our hypotheses. Through a survey, our data were collected and analyzed. The population of the research was women aged 20 and more from the Iranian city of Yazd, from which a random sample of 385 people were selected. The findings indicate that the women's political culture effects on their political participation. Moreover, all of the dimensions of political culture, including the women's attitudes towards the political system and the ruling elite, their political knowledge, attitudes towards their own political capacity, and normatively taking women's political participation, had meaningful positive correlation with their political participation.
mahmud ketabi; vahid ghasemi
Volume 9, Issue 19 , November 2002, , Pages 35-56
Abstract
This article intends to analyze women's political participation in municipal centers in Isfahan Province. In the article, one of the basic propositions of the exchange theory regarding the women political participation is examined. According to this proposition, the more valuable a reward is for a deed, ...
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This article intends to analyze women's political participation in municipal centers in Isfahan Province. In the article, one of the basic propositions of the exchange theory regarding the women political participation is examined. According to this proposition, the more valuable a reward is for a deed, the more probably the deed will be carried out. The method for this research was surveying. Statistical population was all of the 20-39 years-old-women residing at municipal centers in Isfahan province. 1903 women were chosen using quota sampling method. The instrument for gathering the data was questionnaire through interview. Conclusions show that the level of women's political participation in the society is relatively low. The average on the negative I positive value spectrum is located on the negative side, implying high expenses and low rewards for political participation of women under consideration. The regression coefficient shows the significant effect of the women's evaluation from negative / positive values of political participation on their level of participation. About 9% of the variance of the women's political participation level in the sample was explained by the independent variable.
