Sociology
ali Ayar; Moosa Anbari
Abstract
Using the critical ethnographic method, this study examines the effect of development interventions on the social sphere and economic activity of local communities in Ilam and Lorestan provinces. The findings of the research show that the development has put the pre-intervention ecosystem which was dominated ...
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Using the critical ethnographic method, this study examines the effect of development interventions on the social sphere and economic activity of local communities in Ilam and Lorestan provinces. The findings of the research show that the development has put the pre-intervention ecosystem which was dominated by the social issue under the attack of the economic issue. In the process of development intervention, the cultural capacities and traditions that connect and help local economic perceptions have been neglected, and instead official and capital-oriented government programs have been expanded in objective and subjective dimensions; The result of the weakening of popular traditions is the rise of new pseudo-technocratic groups that consider local cultural values such as hard work, contentment, cooperation, and generosity as symbols of backwardness. In fact, native activists, as new self-directed productive managers, have become those who are caught in the trap of donations, loans and hires to market their labor force and provide their livelihood. In order to show this reduction, we have used the metaphor of a walnut tree as a symbol of a hardworking, connected and diligent nature-oriented society, and a eucalyptus tree as a symbol of borrowed intervention, a consumerist, pretentious and discrete society,
mahmood jomehpor
Abstract
Current situation and positions of the rural community can be the result of functional relationships and operation of the local community in relation to external factors as the state and city, which led to the transformation of the social, economic and production systems in the rural community. ...
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Current situation and positions of the rural community can be the result of functional relationships and operation of the local community in relation to external factors as the state and city, which led to the transformation of the social, economic and production systems in the rural community. In this process of transformation, the traditional villages, from a closed, self-sufficient, self-managed and resilient society, based on the production and value of work, cooperative and participatory institutions and local community; has been changed to nontraditional community, which is dependent on consumption, vulnerable, based on individualism, money value and the official institutions. The idea of this paper is to review the changing process of traditional to quasi modern society and the necessity of reforming the path towards ecological sustainability of the society. This process has been investigated within the framework of the relationship between the state and the nation in terms of the concepts of local governance, sovereignty and good governance. In our view, the functional and practical currency in relation to the government is transition of local authority to rule the state. To change the situation and create a desirable society we should move towards good governance. The theoretical basis of this discussion is the idea of good governance and social and ecological views for the creation of ecologically sustainable society. The research method in this article is process review and description and analysis based on ideas, theories and practical experiences.
yahya fuzi
Volume 15, Issue 42.43 , February 2009, , Pages 39-87
Abstract
The present article is an attempt lo study the discourse of political Islam, one of the most important discourses in the contemporary history of Iran, a to compare its pertinent sub-discourses before the revolution. The rn: question of the present paper is: what are the similarities and dissimilarity ...
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The present article is an attempt lo study the discourse of political Islam, one of the most important discourses in the contemporary history of Iran, a to compare its pertinent sub-discourses before the revolution. The rn: question of the present paper is: what are the similarities and dissimilarity among and dissimilarities among these sub-discourses? How far the po revolution political system was influenced by these sub-discourses? The m, hypothesis of the paper is: the post-revolution political system was the natu offspring of the dialogues among these political sub-discourses, and represe their commonalities.
hoseyn barani
Volume 9, Issue 18 , August 2002, , Pages 45-65
Abstract
Pastoralism is founded on migration. Nevertheless, it leads to various problems an hardships. As a result, transhumance is replacing nornadism. While different aspects of nomadic migration is known via anthropological studies, transhurnancc migration is not investigated up to now. This article is based ...
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Pastoralism is founded on migration. Nevertheless, it leads to various problems an hardships. As a result, transhumance is replacing nornadism. While different aspects of nomadic migration is known via anthropological studies, transhurnancc migration is not investigated up to now. This article is based on a participatory research performed in accompaniment with two transhumant groups during their migration. In this article five aspects of transhumant migration is discussed including: migration route, group organization during migration, acceleration and halting in migratory movement, migration and transportation and beliefs related to migration. Finally, based on the writer's research findings pastoral migration is devided into several phases.
habib aghabakhshi
Volume 6, Issue 10 , August 1998, , Pages 47-72
Abstract
This article has been provided to clarify the effects of the addicted father on the socialization function of his family, his economical and supporting role, and the social relations of his family members as well. magazine. According to the writer, this article reflects Durkhem's social thoughts aptly. ...
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This article has been provided to clarify the effects of the addicted father on the socialization function of his family, his economical and supporting role, and the social relations of his family members as well. magazine. According to the writer, this article reflects Durkhem's social thoughts aptly. Durkhem's sociological theory seeks to present a positivist and sociological exeplanation about the emergence of religion and religious functions as well.
morteza farhadi
Volume 5, Issue 9 , November 1997, , Pages 51-90
Abstract
In this article, the writer first talks about the newly.found drawings and symbols of Teimareh and their themes. Then, he tries to answer a great deal of questions emerging in the minds of those who observe these drawings or read the reports about them: When, why and how the man was involved in artistry, ...
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In this article, the writer first talks about the newly.found drawings and symbols of Teimareh and their themes. Then, he tries to answer a great deal of questions emerging in the minds of those who observe these drawings or read the reports about them: When, why and how the man was involved in artistry, including painting and engraving on the rocks? Who were the creators of the drawings and symbols seen on the Teirnareh rocks'? Were they _ as it is mostly believed _ shepherds, caravanians, passengers and like it? Why merely in special areas, such as beaches and the main branches of the rivers, these drawings and symbols are observed? Why are the patterns of mans and animals seen frequently? What was the objective of the creators of these patterns: to satisfy their aesthetic needs, to play upon rocks, or to do something seriously? Why are the patterns of the plants and domestic animals too ICM than those of wild animals? Why some of these patterns have been engraved repeatedly on each other'! When have they been created? How can we find the exact origins of these patterns, excluding comparison and guessing by means of contexts?
reza hemmati
Volume 15, Issue 40 , March 2008, , Pages 53-88
Abstract
Struggle between Qualitative and Quantitative researchers has had a long history, even before applying (these methods) into the social science, each one trying to prove their legitimacy. Dominance of quantitative researches that played an influential role for many decades, decreased with emerging feminist ...
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Struggle between Qualitative and Quantitative researchers has had a long history, even before applying (these methods) into the social science, each one trying to prove their legitimacy. Dominance of quantitative researches that played an influential role for many decades, decreased with emerging feminist movement and other social and political processes. Along with the decline of quantitative methods, we have witnessed primitive concerns in integrating and combining qualitative and quantitative methods, to romedy the weaknesses of both methods. In the present article qualitative and quantitative approaches are briefly shortly introduced, and their weaknesses and strengthens are examined. Then The differences among these approaches and the possibility of combining the two methods are discussed. Introducing an integrated approach, its presumptions, methods of integrating, and the challenges ahead of this relatively new approach, constitute final part of the article.
mohamad abdollahi
Volume 2, Issue 3.4 , May 1993, , Pages 57-74
azam ravad rad
Volume 9, Issue 19 , November 2002, , Pages 57-88
Abstract
In this article, the indireet role of the Iranian women film - directors in political participation is discussed. The period of study is diveded into two phases: before, and after 23rd may 1997, the time Mr. Khatami was elected as president. The writer tries to show how social and political conditions ...
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In this article, the indireet role of the Iranian women film - directors in political participation is discussed. The period of study is diveded into two phases: before, and after 23rd may 1997, the time Mr. Khatami was elected as president. The writer tries to show how social and political conditions can affect directors' capabilities in their socio-political activities, through analyzing the works and viewpants of two women directors. "Political participation" is itself a result of "political socialization". Meanwhile, high participation leads to high social cohesion (integration). Therefore, it is claimed that women directors of Iran participate politically in two different ways: firstly, in a formal and direct way through film making, and hence describing the condition of the people - specially of the women - in the Iranian society. Secondly, through expessing the problems of the society, which leads to the promotion of social awareness. Therefore, if appropriate social and political conditions are provided for artists, political participation will be raised.
mohammad mehdi forghani
Volume 12, Issue 28.29 , May 2005, , Pages 57-87
Abstract
Electronic journalism, with and emphasis on information and communication technologies, is known as the most evident symbol of the communication developments at the beginning of the third millennium. This kind of journalism is now facing a heavy discourse argument with the mass media, in other words, ...
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Electronic journalism, with and emphasis on information and communication technologies, is known as the most evident symbol of the communication developments at the beginning of the third millennium. This kind of journalism is now facing a heavy discourse argument with the mass media, in other words, the traditional journalism. It is not so easy to predict the future fate of the media in the world. Many questions and ambiguities are raised about the fates of the past, present and future of the media. Will the electronic media, as some people claim, eliminate the printed newspapers, or will it change their role and functions? What would be the result of the discourse competition between electronic media (cyber) and traditional media? Are we going to witness the creation of a real imagination or suggestion of a virtual reality? Are we part of the media system, or are we standing outside of it with the power of judgment and criticism?
hashem esmatolahil
Volume 9, Issue 20 , February 2003, , Pages 59-93
Abstract
One of the main objectives of this research was to explain the desirable system for Afghanistan media. The media system of this country, in which journalism is as old as 129 years, is now declining, as a result of the crisis and the 23-year war. In order to fill in this communication gap with the past ...
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One of the main objectives of this research was to explain the desirable system for Afghanistan media. The media system of this country, in which journalism is as old as 129 years, is now declining, as a result of the crisis and the 23-year war. In order to fill in this communication gap with the past and to preserve achievements of this cultural industry, I decided to explain the future desirable system of the media scientifically. To this end, I reviewed the doctrines and systems of the western media. I also considered the journalistic experiences of Afghanistan, applying the test of freedom. Finally, for the first time ever, various systems of Afghanistan media were distinguished. Applying the Q Sort Method which is the most suitable method for testing theories, a questionnaire was desigend and prepared in the framework of the Likert 7 Degree Scale Questions. In making the questionnaire, 75 items, representing five Western media systems (Authoritarian, Liberal, Social Responsibility, Communist and Media Development) were used. The questionnaire was sent to 60 Afghan professors and journalists who had the experience record of working as journalist for the period of at least 10 years. Of these learned and experience individuals, 45 professors and journalists inside Iran and in other countries This article s based on the thesis of Dr. Mohammad Hashem Esrnatullahi, which was defended in Allamch Tabatabaci University. Social Sciences Faculty. in the presence nf the instructing and consultant pornfessors and the referees. that people are important. In tourism industry this is a very important problem that service providers pay attention to any of the elements mentioned above can send a special message to tourists when they communicate. Every culture has its own noverbal communication system. In order to develop the tourism industry further, it is necessary to know other cultures and their nonverbal communication system
Abotorab Talebi; Sajad Alizadeh
Abstract
The situation of ethnic minorities in Iran in terms of ethnic discrimination and inequality has been the subject of concerns and public debates both inside and outside Iran for decades, but the actual and concrete experiences of the ethnic groups within the modern institutions of Iran has rarely been ...
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The situation of ethnic minorities in Iran in terms of ethnic discrimination and inequality has been the subject of concerns and public debates both inside and outside Iran for decades, but the actual and concrete experiences of the ethnic groups within the modern institutions of Iran has rarely been the subject of empirical studies. The study of lived experiences of the Turks and Kurds within an influential institution like the university can deepen our knowledge of the ethnic functions of modern institutions in Iran. Therefore, using the qualitative and phenomenological approach, this article studies the ethnic lived experiences of the Kurdish and Turkish students focusing on experiences of discrimination and inequality in four universities in Iran. For this purpose, semi-structured interviews conducted with 35 students. Data were analyzed using the thematic analysis technique that resulted in 3 main themes and 8 sub-themes. The findings show that the university experiences for the Kurdish and Turkish students especially for the latter includes significant aspects of the sense of ethnic discrimination and inequality occurring especially around two lines of language and religion.
hadi kakhiki; saeed ardakan zadeh yazdi
Volume 14, Issue 38.39 , February 2008, , Pages 60-89
Abstract
Limitations and obstacles for publishing newspapers in Iran has made the journal 1nanagcrs to tu111 to politicians and the wealthy for survival, who support the journals but demand special services frorn journals and newspapers. A dilemma is created here: if the journal managers accept, they need to ...
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Limitations and obstacles for publishing newspapers in Iran has made the journal 1nanagcrs to tu111 to politicians and the wealthy for survival, who support the journals but demand special services frorn journals and newspapers. A dilemma is created here: if the journal managers accept, they need to forget the principles of freedom, autonomy. and professional ethics, and if they deny. their newspaper or journal will inevitably face economic or political crisis. Therefore. there are some intra and extra-organizational factors at work that make journalis,n in Iran to turn to some non-professional approaches. In this study, we arc surveying the degree of consciousness of professional journalists on their non-professional approaches
nematollah fazeli
Volume 10, Issue 24 , February 2004, , Pages 61-99
Abstract
This article examines and introduces "discussion" as a way of teaching in university. It argues that one of the causes of inefficiency of academic education in Iran is its non-democratic and non-participatory way of university teaching. One strategy for solving this problem is disseminating and promoting ...
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This article examines and introduces "discussion" as a way of teaching in university. It argues that one of the causes of inefficiency of academic education in Iran is its non-democratic and non-participatory way of university teaching. One strategy for solving this problem is disseminating and promoting "discursion" as a way of teaching in the universities. This strategy could not only promote and develop the quality of university teaching, but it can also considerably help democratize the society and university system. The first part of the article examines the impact of non-democratic ways of teaching in Iranian universities on the educational processes. The second part of the article introduces "discussion" as a way of teaching and its unmerous social and educational advantages. In the third part, in order to define "discussion", it has been differentiated from other ways of conversations. Then, the social and cultural conditions of "discussion" are analyzed. In the next part various forms of group discussion areintroduced. In the final parts, an attempt has been made to critically examine the applicability of "discussion" as a way of university teaching in Iran. Also, several cultural and educational suggestions have been made to disseminate "discussion" in Iranian universities. The article ends with a brief conclusion highlighting the main points of the article. Methodologically, this study is partly based on my own personal ethnographic experience of studying in Iran and Britain. Also, I have presented and approach of a way of university teaching based on logical and theoretical argument extracted from many educational experiences and studies. The suggestions for disseminating "discussion" in Iranian universities are based on my anthropological analysis and life long experience of Iranian universities.
ali khaksari
Cultural Studies
Mohammad Hoseein Panahi; AliAhmad RafieiRad; Marzieh Mohammadi
Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate the reception of rural women of Eastern Miankouh of Pol-e-Dokhtar in Iran from the TV series Gozar Az Ranjha (Passing through Sufferings), which was broadcasted from channel one of the Iranian National TV (IRIB TV1) during the winter of 2014. A sample of 21 women ...
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This study was conducted to investigate the reception of rural women of Eastern Miankouh of Pol-e-Dokhtar in Iran from the TV series Gozar Az Ranjha (Passing through Sufferings), which was broadcasted from channel one of the Iranian National TV (IRIB TV1) during the winter of 2014. A sample of 21 women were selected purposively, and semi-structured interviews were conducted to collect the data. The criterion for determining the sample size was theoretical saturation. To analyze the data, thematic analysis was used. The findings indicate that the women, in various social situations, actively received the dominant discourse of the film series. In fact, the type of decryption was in a spectrum that we categorized as oppositional, hegemonic and negotiated positions. The results showed that the rural women made modifications based on their own discourse access in the values and ideals of the text, discussed by them based on their own social and cultural milieu. They modified the meanings of the dominant discourse, including dual contrasts, ideal type of womanhood and psychological orientation based on their position, and they expanded and developed new meanings, such as “the decisive role of men” and “escape from sufferings”. The series attracted the rural audience for entertainment, earning pleasure, participating in group discussions, identification with the roles, etc. Overall, the findings support the theory of ‘active audience’ even for the case of the studied rural women.
Fardin Mohammadi; Mohsen Noghani; Mahdi Kermani
Abstract
In the last decade, Iranian researchers in the field of sociology and management have widely used the grounded theory in their research. Given the specific features of this methodology, the main issue of the present study is that what are the strengths and weaknesses of sociological and managerial research ...
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In the last decade, Iranian researchers in the field of sociology and management have widely used the grounded theory in their research. Given the specific features of this methodology, the main issue of the present study is that what are the strengths and weaknesses of sociological and managerial research based on grounded theory? To answer the research question the meta-method and the systematic review were used. The studied population consists of a series of articles published in international scientific journals from 2016 to 2018 that due to the focus of the research on critical methodology of grounded theory based on the approach of Strauss and Corbin, 36 articles were selected and reviewed in the source selection stage. the results of the research indicate that the researches face with fundamental problems about the criteria of “problem, the formulation of micro questions, the studied population, the explanation of the stages of data analysis in the findings select, the coincidence of data collection and analysis, category building technique, category dimensional recognition technique, named selection technique, core category selection technique, credibility, comparison with other theories and theoretical sensitivity”. These problems can be categorized into five categories of technical challenges, the theory and method gap, the distortion of the goal, the lack of knowledge of grounded theory and the paradigmatic challenge.
mohamad hoseyn panahi
Volume 7, Issue 11.12 , March 2001, , Pages 63-84
Abstract
Slogans are considered as a useful and valuable reference in analyzing various revolutionary trends. In case of the Islamic Revolution of Iran, these references have not been studied sociologically yet. The writer of this article intends to analyze the backgrounds and objectives of the Islamic Revolution ...
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Slogans are considered as a useful and valuable reference in analyzing various revolutionary trends. In case of the Islamic Revolution of Iran, these references have not been studied sociologically yet. The writer of this article intends to analyze the backgrounds and objectives of the Islamic Revolution based on its slogans. First of all, the writer has explained the compilation and separation procedures of the slogans (nearly 4150 slogans). Then, demonstrating the related tables and figures, he has tried to clarify the backgrounds of the Islamic Revolution. Finally, some conclusions from the content analysis of the slogans have been presented. According to this research, the undesirable cultural and political conditions of the Pahlavi Government are considered as the most important factors leading to the Islamic Revolution of Iran.
mehdi karubi; mojtaba mohamadian
Volume 16, Issue 45 , August 2009, , Pages 63-92
Abstract
Advertisement as a dominant communicational factor in any organization plays a decisive role in the organization's success. MS pattern, which has been regarded as one of the most popular advertisement patterns, consist of five interrelated steps: I) goal definition, 2) budget allocation, 3) massage formulation, ...
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Advertisement as a dominant communicational factor in any organization plays a decisive role in the organization's success. MS pattern, which has been regarded as one of the most popular advertisement patterns, consist of five interrelated steps: I) goal definition, 2) budget allocation, 3) massage formulation, 4) media selection, and 5) advertisement assessment. Although all of those five steps are important, thoughtful selection of a proper media is viewed as a precondition for goal attainment. The present attitude survey attempts at revealing those advertisement. related factors which contribute to positive decision making in regard to buying ticket or using services that certain travel agencies regularly offer. If proper media for presenting the massage is not selected, advertisement campaign will not lead to expected outcomes. For this reason proper media selection is regarded as a vital element of advertisement campaign. Having four dimensional pattern known as AIDA in mind the authors have carried out an attitude survey aimed at measuring the impacts of advertisement media on selecting travel agencies.
jafar hezarjoraibi
Abstract
Present paper investigates the structure of the middle class (with a focus on new middle class) in Iran. Methodologically this paper is analytical. For data gathering documentary method was used. Theoretical framework for analysis is based on theories of Max Weber & Antonym Giddines. For in these ...
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Present paper investigates the structure of the middle class (with a focus on new middle class) in Iran. Methodologically this paper is analytical. For data gathering documentary method was used. Theoretical framework for analysis is based on theories of Max Weber & Antonym Giddines. For in these two theoreticians’ views, three criteria of wealth, status and power (social and economic status as well as efficiency and expertise) are used to distinguish social classes and strata. (New) Middle class mainly consists of beaurocrats. Although some of them are economically weak, due to the level of their expertise and education they are considered as the members of the middle class. The concept of New Middle class in Iran is formed as a consequence of relation with the west, and its process is not as the same as western countries. Hence the concept of middle class does not have the same sense as in the west. Iran’s Middle class is an outcome of modernization which has been imported from western countries and developed since Mashroute revolution. In conclusion, while the discourse of enlightment is democratic, middle class is created and developed as a concentration of enlightment.
saeed zokaie
Abstract
The increasing leisurization and consumerization of lifestyles in metropolises have huge impacts on gender identities. A combination of local and global conditions alongside the physical features of urban sites, produces diversity and fluidity in gender behavioral patterns. Drawing on a tradition of ...
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The increasing leisurization and consumerization of lifestyles in metropolises have huge impacts on gender identities. A combination of local and global conditions alongside the physical features of urban sites, produces diversity and fluidity in gender behavioral patterns. Drawing on a tradition of cultural studies and reviewing the urban experiences of young girls and women in Tehran, the present paper aims to show the different impacts of leisure and consumer spaces on feminine identifications. The results show that the girls’ gender displays within the city are variable and conform with a pattern ranging from more autonomy and agency in consuming space to passivity and caution. Social differentiation and physical transformations in Tehran together with the emergence of new lifestyles have produced new behavioral templates which could be called “thin femininities”. Thin femininities which require equalitarian and challenging spatial participations, will inevitably change feminine values and involve important connotations both for their rights to the city and the way they understand it.
Demography
Farzad Ghorbani; Mohammad Mirzaei; Mohammad Haddadi; Zainab Mohammadi zade
Abstract
In the last few decades, The average age of marriage has had a considerable increase, it seems that such an increase is not due to a change in people’s tendencies. There is a gap between the actual age of marriage and the ideal age for people, and a number of factors have caused the gap to appear. ...
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In the last few decades, The average age of marriage has had a considerable increase, it seems that such an increase is not due to a change in people’s tendencies. There is a gap between the actual age of marriage and the ideal age for people, and a number of factors have caused the gap to appear. The present study aims to examine the determinants of the gap between the actual and the ideal age of marriage. The statistical population of the study consists of those who are at the age of marriage in the province of Kohgiluyeh and Boyer Ahmad. The sample size was 400 people which was based on the proportion of the cities’ population. The results showed that more than 60% of participants experienced a gap between their real and ideal age of marriage. Such a gap has been positive for the majority of people. This means that the percentage of people who postponed the ideal time of their marriage is high. Multivariate analysis indicates that education, value orientation, and employment status affect the real and the ideal age of marriage among men. For women, on the other hand, education, family income, value orientation, and employment status have an impact on the aforementioned gap. Approximately among half of the participants the ideal age of marriage was less than the actual age of their marriage, policymakers can provide the structural prerequisites so that the problem of postponed marriage can be resolved, as it is one of the main concerns of the country. And as evidenced by the study’s findings, people have a positive attitude towards marriage at an early age.
nematollah fazeli
Volume 13, Issue 33 , May 2006, , Pages 65-110
Abstract
This article examines how and why to teach anthropological courses based on my own and other anthropologists' experiences. The aim of the article is to help to promote education of anthropology in Iran. In the Introduction, the subject matter andmetbodological issues of this study are explained. Then, ...
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This article examines how and why to teach anthropological courses based on my own and other anthropologists' experiences. The aim of the article is to help to promote education of anthropology in Iran. In the Introduction, the subject matter andmetbodological issues of this study are explained. Then, in the First part, (The Research Problem), the significance of university teaching methods, particularly teaching methods in humanities and social sciences are discussed. The Second part deals with the question of relevance and significance of teaching anthropolo&'Y courses focusing on the state of the discipline in Iran. The Third part discusses the content of anthropology courses. The next part explains and introduces strategics and methods of teaching anthropology courses. The last part examines educational and teaching problems in anthropology courses in Iranian universities.
ebrahim pasha
gholamreza latifi
Volume 12, Issue 30 , August 2005, , Pages 67-89
Abstract
This paper aims to study Heidegger's hermeneutic thoughts in town planning by means of phylosophcal and cognitive arguments. Hermeneutics in lexicon means interpreting sacred book and approaches this understanding from a phenomenological perspective. Hermenutics is the science or theory of interpretation. ...
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This paper aims to study Heidegger's hermeneutic thoughts in town planning by means of phylosophcal and cognitive arguments. Hermeneutics in lexicon means interpreting sacred book and approaches this understanding from a phenomenological perspective. Hermenutics is the science or theory of interpretation. It derives from the Greek word "hermenevein" which means interpreting, translating, clarifying and describing. In Greek mythology, Hermes interprets the often mysterious messages of God for the mortal publics. There is no wonder that hermeneutics as a method originates from interpreting sacred text and has close affinity with religious terminology. Reformist movement controversies over preceded by Protestants emphasis that the sacred book was innately clear and sufficient for understanding. This controversy led to the formation of hermeneutics. The gradual formulation of this arguments as a methodology for interpreting text transformed into a more philosophical theory in the late 19th century focusing on the crucial importance of hemeneutics.
