Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

• hadi kakhiki
• saeed ardakan zadeh yazdi

Abstract

Limitations and obstacles for publishing newspapers in Iran has made the journal 1nanagcrs to tu111 to politicians and the wealthy for survival, who support the journals but demand special services frorn journals and newspapers. A dilemma is created here: if the journal managers accept, they need to forget the principles of freedom, autonomy. and professional ethics, and if they deny. their newspaper or journal will inevitably face economic or political crisis. Therefore. there are some intra and extra-organizational factors at work that make journalis,n in Iran to turn to some non-professional approaches. In this study, we arc surveying the degree of consciousness of professional journalists on their non-professional approaches

Keywords

• S : journalism
• the press. management
• professional ethics
• Development
• journal autonomy. economics of the press
• censor