jafar hezarjoraibi
ali khaksari
Mohammadhossein Panahi; Mansooreh Zarean
soheyla sadeghi
Abstract
Large part of Iranian women are housewives and they play an important role in maintaining the family and upbringing the children,So it is important to realize about quality of their lives and their perception towards housework.By applying qualitative approach and concentrating on data which is collected ...
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Large part of Iranian women are housewives and they play an important role in maintaining the family and upbringing the children,So it is important to realize about quality of their lives and their perception towards housework.By applying qualitative approach and concentrating on data which is collected by semi deep structured interview from26 housewives aged 23 to 58in Tehran, present research tries to understand the perception of women about housework based on their narratives and their lived experiences. Concluding points of depth interviews reveal that how housework is embedded in culture and social context and it is only explainable by its social background.The way women consider the housework will allow for more theoretical conceptualization. The result of present research shows that women’s satisfaction of doing housework is linked to their satisfaction of marital life and their relationship in marriage. It is also possible to conclude that older women considering housework as a part of their femininity and their natural duties. And those women who are more influenced by ideology of motherhood are less critical of doing housework.In the contrary,younger women become conscious of how housework is related to gender roles and gender inequality. Younger women do believe that unpaid housework should be considered as real work even though it is not structured or organized.
Hadi Khaniki; Mostafa Rahbar; Elham Goharian
Abstract
مقاله حاضر مقایسه نقش «ارتباطات میان‌فردی» و «رسانه‌های جمعی» در رفتار سیاسی و سهم هر یک از این دو در اطلاع‌رسانی و تصمیم‌سازی سیاسی است. بدین منظور از نظریه ...
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مقاله حاضر مقایسه نقش «ارتباطات میان‌فردی» و «رسانه‌های جمعی» در رفتار سیاسی و سهم هر یک از این دو در اطلاع‌رسانی و تصمیم‌سازی سیاسی است. بدین منظور از نظریه جریان دومرحلهای ارتباطات لازارسفلد که توسط رابینسون اصلاح و تکمیل شده و همچنین نظریه راش درباره ارتباطات سیاسی استفاده شده است. بر اساس نظریه رابینسون افراد جامعه حداقل به سه بخش رهبران، پیروان و افراد غیرفعال تقسیم میشوند. اطلاعاتی که رسانه ها منتشر می-کنند، همه بخشهای جامعه را تحت تأثیر قرار میدهد و اطلاعات و نفوذ از رهبران به پیروان جریان مییابد. نمونه آماری 840 نفری این پژوهش با روش پیمایش و تکنیک مصاحبه ساختمند، از مناطق 22گانه شهر تهران دادههای خود را جمعآوری کرد. نتایج نشان داد نقش رسانه‌های جمعی در انتخابات ریاست جمهوری سال 1388 قویتر و مؤثرتر از ارتباطات میان‌فردی بودهاست. درحالیکه در انتخابات مجلس شورای اسلامی سال 1390 نقش ارتباطات میان فردی مؤثرتر از رسانه‌های جمعی بوده است. ضمناً مشارکت سیاسی، مصرف رسانهای، منابع کسب خبر و منابع تصمیمگیری سیاسی افراد نیز در هر دو دوره بررسی شده است که نتایج آن به طور مبسوط در بخش نتیجه گیری آمده است.
Mohammadhossein Panahi
Abstract
سخن آغازین اززمانیکهدولت- ملتهمراهباشکل‌گیریمدرنیتهدراروپاتشکیلشد، یکیاز مهمترینموضوعاتمورد مطالعهعلومسیاسی مدرن و جامعهشناسی ...
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سخن آغازین اززمانیکهدولت- ملتهمراهباشکل‌گیریمدرنیتهدراروپاتشکیلشد، یکیاز مهمترینموضوعاتمورد مطالعهعلومسیاسی مدرن و جامعهشناسی سیاسی رابطه متقابلدولتوملتبودهاست. باشکلگیریدولت-ملت درجوامع غیراروپایی در قرون 19 و 20، موضوعِنوعمناسبرابطهمتقابلدولتو ملت اولویت بیشتری پیدا کرد. البته باید توجه داشت که با وجود اختلافات شرایط تاریخی، فرهنگی، اقتصادی و اجتماعی جوامع بشری، تکوین دولت ملت در جوامع مختلف دینا فرایندیکسانی نداشته است، بلکهانواعدولت- ملت‌هاباویژگی‌هایمختلفتشکیلشدهاست. بعلاوه، دراغلبکشورهایبهاصطلاح «جهان سومی» یا «در حال توسعه» در فرایند تکوین دولت- ملت‌هاعلاوهبرعواملنامساعد داخلی، عوامل خارجینیزاثرگذاشتهو سبب شدهدولتایجادشده رابطهمتوازنومتناسبیباملتوسایرنهادهایاجتماعی برقرار نکردهو انواعکژریختی‌ها، ناکارکردی‌هاوکژکارکردی‌هارابه وجودآورد. در نتیجه، به سبب فرایند مختلف تکوین و اختلاف در شرایط اجتماعی- تاریخی دولت- ملت‌ها، نمیتوان بطور کلیشه‌ای رابطه مناسب یکسانی بین همه دولت‌ها و ملت‌ها یافت و آن را برای همه دولت- ملت‌ها تجویز کرد؛ بلکه باید برای هر دولت- ملتی متناسب با شرایط خاص آن جامعه موضوع مورد مطالعه قرار گرفته و روابط مناسب و کارآمدی شناسایی و تجویز گردد. این وضعیت شامل تکویندولت- ملتدرایراننیز میباشد. عوامل داخلی نامساعدوعواملخارجیمداخلهگرسببشدهاندرابطهمتقابل دولتوملتدر ایران درابعادمختلفسیاسی،اقتصادی،فرهنگیواجتماعی متوازنومتناسبنباشد. در دورهپهلویشکافبزرگ و رابطه ناکارآمدیبیندولتوملت درهمهزمینههاوجود داشت،کهسبببحرانمشروعیترژیم پهلویودرنهایت انقلاباسلامیوسقوط آنشد. پسازانقلاباسلامیبادگرگونی‌هاو اصلاحاتیکهدراینرابطهانجامشد رابطهدولتوملتهماهنگترو متوازنترگردید. امابخشیاز کژریختی‌هاو کژکارکردی‌هایِدورهقبلبه دورهجدیدمنتقلشدهوعواملداخلیوخارجیِجدید نیزبهآنافزوده شده،وسببشدهاستکههنوزدربعضیاززمینههارابطهمتقابل دولتو ملتوسایرنهادهایاجتماعیومدنیکارآمدیلازمرانداشتهوشکاف‌هایی وجودداشتهباشد،ودر نتیجهآنآسیبهایجدیدربعضیاززمینههای اقتصادی، سیاسی،فرهنگیواجتماعیبه وجودآید،کهلازماستبا بررسیومطالعهعالمانهو واقع بینانه اینروابطازمنظرعلوماجتماعی مختلفشکاف‌هایموجودشناختهشدهو راهکارهایمناسبجهترفع وکاهشآنهاپیشنهادشود. ازآنجاکه، همچنان که اشاره رفت،برایشناختوضعیتاینروابطو راهکارهایکارآمدجهترفعآنهافرمول استانداردوازپیش ساختهشده مناسبیوجودندارد،ضرورتدارداندیشمندانعلوم اجتماعیمختلف کشورباپژوهشورهیافتودیدگاه‌هایبومیموضوعرابررسی کردهو پیشنهادهایکاربردیوقابلاجرادرشرایطایرانمطرحکنند،ومسئولان جامعهنیزبابهکارگیریراهکارهایپیشنهادیوانجاماصلاحاتلازم، هماهنگی، توازن،وهمدلیوهمزبانیبیشتریبیندولتودولتمرداناز یکطرف،وملت، شهروندان و نهادهای اجتماعیازطرفدیگربرقرارکنند،تاآسیب‌های اجتماعیموجود، ازجملهفقر،بیکاری،اعتیاد،فسادوغیرهکهغالباًنتیجه اینشکاف‌هااستکاهشیافتهوکیفیتزندگیمادیومعنویملت صبوروبردبارایرانافزایشیابد. همایش «بررسی نظری و عملی روابط دولت و ملت در ایران» به این منظور برگزار گردید که نخبگان علمی کشور به این موضوع مهم توجه خاصی نموده و در این زمینه تامل و تفکر و تحقیق کنند تا شناخت بهتری از نوع روابط موجود دولت و ملت در ایران حاصل شود، شکاف‌ها و آسیب های احتمالی موجود شناخته شود، و سیاست‌های مناسبی برای ترمیم و اصلاح و کارآمد کردن این روابط پیشنهاد شود. این ویژه نامه فصلنامه علوم اجتماعی حاوی تعدادی از مقالات ارائه شده در همایش است، که امید است بتواند حساسیت بیشتر متخصصان کشور را به این موضوع اساسی جلب کند، تا علاوه بر ملاحظه تنوع موضوعات موجود در این زمینه و بهره‌برداری از این مقالات، تحقیقات بیشتری را در این حوزه به انجام رسانند. بدیهی است که سایر مقالات ارائه شده در کنفرانس در مجموعه مقالات کنفرانس به طبع خواهد رسید. دکتر محمد حسین پناهی مدیر مسئول فصلنامه علوم اجتماعی و دبیر همایش بررسی نظری و عملی رابطه دولت و ملت در ایران
Morteza Farhadi
Abstract
The purpose of this research is to introduce the concept of “Makelmakelmakinegi” disease in order to provide a better understanding of socio-political situation in Iran. This disease involves the excessive use of nonrenewable and the most vital of all resources, namely water. The ramifications ...
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The purpose of this research is to introduce the concept of “Makelmakelmakinegi” disease in order to provide a better understanding of socio-political situation in Iran. This disease involves the excessive use of nonrenewable and the most vital of all resources, namely water. The ramifications of this disease are not only in direct contrast to national or regional interests but in the long term as leading to immigration, war, conflicts, it threats friendship relations not only within Iran but also between neighbor regional countries. This paper also discusses aqua politics in Iran from a historical perspective. Qanat is rooted in the spirit of peace and collaboration whereas deep and semi-deep wells are associated with individualism and violent competition. “Makelmakelmakinegi” disease is a very dangerous and chronic subspecies of unearned economics. This economic situation is as the result of looting non-renewable Water resources.This pillage brings short-term unsustainable incomes which like the Dutch disease, and any other extraordinary revenues source not directly arising from production( but rather from extraction), wreak havoc on industry and national agriculture.Furthermore, The continuation of this process has devastating consequences including(but not limited to) water shortage crisis, political crisis, cultural and political conflicts, social disorders and war.
Ismail Aalizad; Behzad Hemati
Abstract
Abstract The monopoly of political structure is one of the foundations of an authoritarian political system. According to many researchers and scholars, contemporary Iran, especially in the reign of first Pahlavi, showing the predominance of an authoritarian regime, with specific features and highlights ...
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Abstract The monopoly of political structure is one of the foundations of an authoritarian political system. According to many researchers and scholars, contemporary Iran, especially in the reign of first Pahlavi, showing the predominance of an authoritarian regime, with specific features and highlights of the monopoly of political structure, a phenomenon that, along with other features of the authoritarian system, has affected the fate and political culture of Iranian society. Attention and emphasis on this category form the basis of this research and the question of how many of the emergence and orientation of such a form of monopoly on political authoritarianism has been the main issue of the research. A problem that can be designed and pursued within the framework of socio-political analysis. The purpose of this study is to describe an intrinsic social reality, that is to say, to examine the nature of the monopoly of the political structure in the social and historical context of a particular era of individuality and a new era of oppression and repression. One of the most important achievements of this research is the recognition of one of the most fundamental mechanisms of the emergence of political authoritarianism as a modern model in contemporary Iran. How an authoritarian system subjugates the state's triple powers and seizes the realm of government and disperses the public sphere and suppresses civil organizations such as the parties and the press, and takes such institutions into their full control and control.
Tahereh Ghaderi; Zahra Alghooneh
Abstract
People’s orientation towards meeting their own needs and achieving their personal and private goals, without considering other people, is called egocentrism and individualism. Selfish individualism is a type of individualism in which the person’s personal gain is put as the top priority, ...
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People’s orientation towards meeting their own needs and achieving their personal and private goals, without considering other people, is called egocentrism and individualism. Selfish individualism is a type of individualism in which the person’s personal gain is put as the top priority, and individuals are only seeking to reach their own goals. The purpose of this study is to examine the level of selfish individualism among different social classes and its related factors. For this purpose, the students of Shiraz University were chosen as the statistical population. The study was conducted through stratified sampling, and through a survey using a questionnaire, the study was conducted with a sample comprised of 387 people. The independent variables of the research were derived from Durkheim, Putnam, and Bourdieu’s theories and also from a combination of Habermas, Weber, and Weblen’s theories. Durkheim’s Religiosity, Putnam’s Social Capital, Bourdieu’s Institutionalized Cultural Capital of the family, and a combined theory of Class from Habermas, Weber and Weblen were used. There was a negative and significant relationship between religiosity and selfish individualism, and the hypothesis was confirmed. However, there was not a significant relationship between selfish individualism and the three variables of social capital, institutionalized cultural capital of the family and class, and the three remaining hypotheses were dismissed. Findings regarding background variables showed that there was not a significant relationship between gender and selfish individualism, however, there was a significant and positive relationship between age and selfish individualism.
Sociology
Abstract
In the early approaches regarding social isolation the focus has been mainly on the transformation in social relations caused by modernity, which increases the potential for isolation. With the formation of the Chicago school, Louise Wirth studies isolation as a style of urban living. With Park’s ...
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In the early approaches regarding social isolation the focus has been mainly on the transformation in social relations caused by modernity, which increases the potential for isolation. With the formation of the Chicago school, Louise Wirth studies isolation as a style of urban living. With Park’s emphasis on the natural areas of cities, and then the neo-Marxist approaches to urban poverty, isolation is defined as a kind of deprivation related to the economic and spatial inequalities in cities. The present research has studied surveys collected from 400 citizens in districts 1 and 3 as developed regions, and in districts 17 and 19 as less developed regions. The findings show that the citizens are suffering from social isolation to a medium extent. This is while the objective dimension of social isolation is more than the medium. The testing of research hypotheses shows that there is a relationship between the level of development in a region and social isolation, so that the less developed a region, the more its inhabitants’ experience of social isolation. Especially, there is a distinct difference regarding the objective dimension of social isolation. Furthermore, there is a relationship between social isolation and the socioeconomic status of people, their age, social trust, and their sense of belonging to the neighborhood and the city.
Sociology
Hasan Saraie; Morteza Khoshamadi
Abstract
Each form of religiousness grows at the heart of a “religious society”, and a “religious” society is always to some extent organized. In the “sociology of religion”, the study of social dynamics related to the religious society is defined under the concept of “religious ...
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Each form of religiousness grows at the heart of a “religious society”, and a “religious” society is always to some extent organized. In the “sociology of religion”, the study of social dynamics related to the religious society is defined under the concept of “religious organization”. From long ago, one of the concerns of sociology of religion has been to study and understand the various methods of organization in religious societies. Through an analytical-descriptive study of different approaches and the transformations in this field, the present paper aims to extract “the main criteria” of these typologies. Extracting “the main criteria” would familiarize us with the logic of these typologies, and it shall contribute to presenting alternative, domestic typologies in the framework of Islamic tradition. Therefore, the method of research is documentary, and the main purpose of the study is to understand the fundamental dynamics of the typologies of mystical organizations in theoretical literature. With this purpose in mind, we have examined the available literature through two general approaches: a) a formal approach to the typology of religious organizations; and b) a quantitative approach to the typology of religious organizations. The formal approach is mainly based on Weber’s theories, however, the quantitative approach has been put forth in critique of the formal approach. By studying various typologies and their theoretical principles, we see that the two criteria of a) the extent of organization and b) the extent of tension against the host culture enjoy central importance in the typology of religious organizations.
Sociology
Siavash Gholipoor; Nader Amiri; Sara Korani
Abstract
This article seeks to examine the process of stigmatization of the Nukan neighborhood within Kermanshah. The theoretical framework is based on Rob Shields' concepts of "social spatialisation”. Shields considers the process of constructing meaning of a space to be a result of the objective procedures ...
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This article seeks to examine the process of stigmatization of the Nukan neighborhood within Kermanshah. The theoretical framework is based on Rob Shields' concepts of "social spatialisation”. Shields considers the process of constructing meaning of a space to be a result of the objective procedures of everyday life that construct suppositions about meaning and form space-myths through various ways. The research method is ethnography and the data collection technique includes participatory observation and intensive interviews. The findings of the survey indicate that Nukan has topographically isolated geography and that some social borders have intensified this dissociation. Different procedures have a role in labeling Nukan as such. By announcing the image space to be "rural, " the municipality avoids providing any service to the area. By labeling the area as "violent" as well as a "crime hotspot, " the police force avoids interference in quarrels. The Department of Education declares students of schools within Nukan to be "chaotic" and "abnormal." Also, by not providing the essential substructures, they transfer students of certain grades to other regions, which results in even more labeling when students get into quarrels in those regions. On another hand, taxi drivers, shopkeepers, tenants and women gathering in alleys to talk and pass time propagate and sustain such suppositions. In conclusion, in the process of Nukan's stigmatization, not only coarse language and impressions, but also people's behaviors in everyday life play a decisive role.
Jafar Hezarjaribi; Reza Safari Shali
Abstract
Abstract The present study analyzes the discourses of social justice using Ernesto Laclau and Chantal Mouffe's discourse theory, with reducing poverty and deprivation as the central sign in the First to Fifth Development Plans Bills (approved in the three governments of Hashemi, Khatami, and Ahmadinejad). ...
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Abstract The present study analyzes the discourses of social justice using Ernesto Laclau and Chantal Mouffe's discourse theory, with reducing poverty and deprivation as the central sign in the First to Fifth Development Plans Bills (approved in the three governments of Hashemi, Khatami, and Ahmadinejad). It aims at revealing the differences in approach, policymaking, and function of the discourses through studying the main signs and specific articulations of each discourse and exploring the effects of non-discursive factors on every discourse. The results of the discourse analysis of the texts indicated that the Construction Government, with its hegemony over the political and social space of the country, attempted at othering of the government of Mousavi through criticizing the representation of social justice in the first decade ofthe Revolution, and its principles and indicators, especially with regards to the payment of subsidies by the government to the people. It presented a new representation of social justice, which was highly influenced by the post-war political and social space of the country, the necessity of reconstruction of damages caused by war, economic reform of the country, and move towards economic growth in order to obtain the financial resources required for the construction and reconstruction of the country. Accordingly, a new economic concept, with economic growth as its primary indicator, was introduced by the government in representation of the floating signifier of social justice. The reformist discourse, with an emphasis on political development, proposed the association of political and economic development necessary for the realization of the floating signifier of social justice with reducing poverty and deprivation as the central sign. The last hegemonic discourse in the Islamic Republic of Iran, known as the discourse of justice-oriented Principlism, attempted to implement the economic development plan through othering the previous discourses and proposing a specific definition of the floating signifier of justice. In this level, with regards to the represented concept of social justice in this discourse, which involves equal distribution of opportunities and facilities among people and regions of the country so that all parts of the country can develop together and coordinately, the government of Ahmadinejad placed on its agenda, alongside the targeted subsidy plan, a new kind of privatization, which involved the payment of justice shares, i.e. distribution of shares of public companies among people instead of transfer of those companies to individuals.
Anthropology
Javad Nazarimoghaddam; Seyed Hashem Mousavi
Abstract
Due to the importance of folk literature and culture and the reflection of Iranian’s disposition and social values in them, referring to a part of the most important documents, charters, and guild regulations, known as “Fotovat Nameh” [Book of Gallantry] as parts of the Iranian folk ...
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Due to the importance of folk literature and culture and the reflection of Iranian’s disposition and social values in them, referring to a part of the most important documents, charters, and guild regulations, known as “Fotovat Nameh” [Book of Gallantry] as parts of the Iranian folk literature, can help us comprehend Iran’s culture and society. This is because part of Iranian’s culture and manners is reflected in these historical and literary documents. Have we lacked a strong disposition throughout history? Should we search for the root of many of today’s problems in history and Iranian’s disposition through time? To answer such questions, we should refer to anthropology references and history. The present research is a descriptive-analytical study, which intends to criticize the common viewpoint about the Iranian disposition by documentation and referring to folk documents (first-hand) and literature. Based on the research findings, some characteristics, such as generosity, responsibility, teamwork, a collective spirit, and tolerance were found in the Iranian folk literature. Therefore, The common belief regarding about Iranian’s disposition becomes uncertain.
Davood Parchami; Fatemeh Derakhshan
Abstract
Iran is facing a problem of underdevelopment with regards to the Economics of Culture (EC) and is far from developing, developed, and even similar countries in this regard. EC develops with maintained order on the components of the economic, cultural, social and political subsystems and their relations ...
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Iran is facing a problem of underdevelopment with regards to the Economics of Culture (EC) and is far from developing, developed, and even similar countries in this regard. EC develops with maintained order on the components of the economic, cultural, social and political subsystems and their relations with each other and as a result of quantitative and qualitative growth and diversity in the process of production, distribution and consumption of goods and cultural services. In the present article, development of EC and its relations with order in society have been studied through a comparative method between the top 10 advanced countries and the top 10 developed countries in EC and Iran. The results indicate that the more order in society, the more the increase of in said society. The correlation between order in society and the development of EC was r = 0.72, and 0.52 of the changes of EC is explained by order in society. In simultaneous explanation, changes of EC, and economic and cultural capital have the greatest potential for explanation. The Probability Interval Method showed that if Iran reaches a growth rate of 1.84 in economic capital, 4 in cultural capital, 1.6 in social capital and 1.64 in political capital, it will reach an EC in 2030 similar to that of advanced countries.
Mahmoud Taghizadeh Davari
Abstract
The current study aims to evaluate whether the explanations of Allameh Tabataba’i in human social life aspect are consistent or inconsistent. His writings on this subject come into two categories. Although the first one has entirely philosophical literature, the other one has theological-philosophical ...
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The current study aims to evaluate whether the explanations of Allameh Tabataba’i in human social life aspect are consistent or inconsistent. His writings on this subject come into two categories. Although the first one has entirely philosophical literature, the other one has theological-philosophical nature. This paper used the documentary and library methods and shed light on the collection of written works of Allameh Tabataba’i. The method of the study has been note-taking of the needed data and then analyzing them through descriptive-inferential ways. One of the findings of this study is that he has repeatedly interpreted and quoted the principle of Madani Beltab’e (social essence of human beings) to the principle of Mostakhdem Beltab’e (Taking others into one’s service essence) that are inconsistent with each other. If the first principle of human essence is being social (Madani Beltab’e), a society is a natural thing for him, and he is considered a cooperative creature who collaborates with other human beings to survive. Whenever the first principle of human essence would be the principle of Mostakhdem Beltab’e, his first essence assumed to be a person who takes into his service and competes with others to engage more services. He is not inherently a social being, but is forced to have a social life to benefit more from other mankind’s usefulness.
Mohammadsaeed Zokaei
Abstract
The interface of culture, politics and agency in global and transnational levels has turned diaspora studies into an attractive and important theoretical and empirical area. Analyzing diaspora requires employing multilayered analytical and conceptual levels and attending to diverse structural, historical ...
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The interface of culture, politics and agency in global and transnational levels has turned diaspora studies into an attractive and important theoretical and empirical area. Analyzing diaspora requires employing multilayered analytical and conceptual levels and attending to diverse structural, historical and technological contexts. Focusing on cosmopolitanism experience and thought as a core and strategic concept for understanding diasporic identity, the present paper aims to clarify on processes, mechanisms, diversity, obstacles and constraints of cosmopolitan experiences amongst migrants. It is argued that, post-structural cultural theory, post-colonialism and feminism by employing a wide range of concepts, methods and disciplinary premises have big potentials explaining opportunities and limitations with which international migrants encounter.
Zeinab Bilaki; Ali Akbar Tajmazinani
Abstract
Social exclusion manifests itself within the educational realm, particularly in the echelons of higher education. The pivotal role of such exclusion lies in impeding individuals' access to rights and opportunities, creating barriers that either thwart their continued participation in the higher ...
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Social exclusion manifests itself within the educational realm, particularly in the echelons of higher education. The pivotal role of such exclusion lies in impeding individuals' access to rights and opportunities, creating barriers that either thwart their continued participation in the higher education system or relegate them to the periphery. This study meticulously investigates educational exclusion within the Iranian higher education system, scrutinizing the processes contributing to the contextual landscape and the root causes of student exclusion. Furthermore, employing Grounded Theory, diverse dimensions of educational exclusion are explored, presenting a thick description. In the present study, semi-structured interviews with students and professionals were conducted to discern the facets of educational exclusion and identify influential factors. The gleaned contexts and rationales for exclusion encompass contexts, multifaceted family dynamics, impediments to effective communication, academic interactions, societal structures, and factors such as financial constraints, disabilities, inadequate educational policies, and the portrayal of higher education policies as agents of educational injustice.
Houshang Garavand; Ali Delavar
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was don meta-study about research done in relation to the theft during the years 85 to 96 in Tehran metropolis. 10 studies were identified in the field the occurrence of theft. The results part of the meta-theory and meta-method showed that the researches carried out ...
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The purpose of the present study was don meta-study about research done in relation to the theft during the years 85 to 96 in Tehran metropolis. 10 studies were identified in the field the occurrence of theft. The results part of the meta-theory and meta-method showed that the researches carried out on the subject of the research except in cases (the analytical model extracted from the theoretical framework and basics review, preliminary test of measuring instrument, operational definition, assess reliability and validity, the mention of research limitations and barriers and ethical considerations) are at a rather favorable level and also, the results of meta-analysis showed that the combined effect size index in the field of factors affecting of theft in the fixed model is 0.438 and randomized model 0.414,which according to Cohen's criterion, had a large amount of effect size. But in a separate survey, in the area of effective factors in the occurrence of theft effect size of individual factors was more than family and cultural-social factors. Results demonstrated that the publication bias in meta-analysis sample. Due to the heterogeneity in the studies, the moderators were analyzed which showed the moderating effect of the year and the sampling method.
Hassan Saraie; Abolfazl Fathabadi
Abstract
Some of thinkers put an emphasis on the role of tribal Asabiyyah, and some of them emphasize the role of religious Asabiyyah to explain the development of Safavid government and all of them, neglect the process of affinity and synergy of these factors in this respect. Therefore, the article tries to ...
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Some of thinkers put an emphasis on the role of tribal Asabiyyah, and some of them emphasize the role of religious Asabiyyah to explain the development of Safavid government and all of them, neglect the process of affinity and synergy of these factors in this respect. Therefore, the article tries to reveal the process of affinity and synergy of these two factors in the development of the Safavids on the base of Ibn Khaldun’s political theories and with descriptive-analytical study and using of archival research method and studying the related historical texts. Findings show that Shah Ismail, by applying Sufi Walayah, has provided the affinity of tribal Asabiyyah within each tribe, religious Asabiyyah within each tribe and religious Asabiyyah between all tribes and accordingly, was able to create unity and cohesion among several tribes which were under his commands and by using the double power, which has been the product of affinity and synergy of tribal Asabiyyah and religious Asabiyyah, has defeated other contenders and has succeeded in developing the Safavid government. This means, two aspects of Asabiyyah, of course with the precedence of religious Asabiyyah over tribal Asabiyyah, have taken role in the process of the development of this government.
Mohammadtaghi Karami Ghahi
Abstract
Arbaeen walk in its current form is a novel ritual and diverse social phenomenon. The diversity comes from the multiplicity of pilgrims’ narratives and the variety of meanings people attach to it. The feminine narrative of Arbaeen walk, despite all its diverse meanings, is neglected and marginalized ...
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Arbaeen walk in its current form is a novel ritual and diverse social phenomenon. The diversity comes from the multiplicity of pilgrims’ narratives and the variety of meanings people attach to it. The feminine narrative of Arbaeen walk, despite all its diverse meanings, is neglected and marginalized by the formal, masculine meta-narrative. The present research aims at comprehending women’s foot pilgrimage experience through the thematic analysis of in-depth, semi-structured interviews with 25 women aged between 22-68 made in the camps (moukeb) of the pilgrimage route. The findings show that as part of the feminine subjectivity, the female pilgrim constructs herself as a fragmented identity in form of five major themes: fatigue of everyday life and ridding of modern life monotony; gratification of self-imposed, sanctified pain; memory of war and the fluid meaning of body; historical feminine subjectivity averting everyday life objectivity; and spiritual illumination in moving from egoistic, habitual behavior to altruism. The female pilgrim re-presents herself as an active subject by assimilating her experience of Arbaeen walk to the Ashoura agony and its aftermath incidents, thereby deconstructing and re-constructing herself through critical reflexivity on gendered stereotypes constructed in the formal discourse of Iranian society.
Mahnaz Karami; Maryam Ghazinejad; Mansoure Azam Azadeh
Abstract
Even though it can be argued that inequality, distance, and social exclusion have always existed across societies, one can not ignore reflecting on the reason why and how it is created together with its consequences for today’s various groups and social systems. The aim of this study is to explain ...
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Even though it can be argued that inequality, distance, and social exclusion have always existed across societies, one can not ignore reflecting on the reason why and how it is created together with its consequences for today’s various groups and social systems. The aim of this study is to explain the relationship between religious identity and the feeling of social exclusion by considering the mediating variable of social distance between two groups of Shiite and Sunni students. The statistical sample includes 279 graduate students of the faculties of social sciences in the three universities of Allameh Tabataba’i, Tehran and Beheshti, in which Sunni and Shiite students were chosen through snowball method and random selection, respectively. The findings indicate that the mean values of feelings of social exclusion, social distance and religious identity among Sunni students are higher than Shiite ones. Also, there is a direct relationship between the level of religious identity and the feeling of social exclusion, and the same is true for social distance and the feeling of social exclusion. Multivariate regression analysis reveals that the variables included in the equation have been able to explain a significant part of the variance of the changes related to the dependent variable. The results of path analysis also demonstrate that the variables of religious identity, ethnicity and social distance are related to the feeling of social exclusion.
Simin Veisi; Ardeshir Entezari; Saeed Zokaei; Ali Akbar Tajmazinani
Abstract
Our purpose in this research is to identify the types, strategies and consequences of constructing of justice. Most of the definitions of justice are made by youth and in the Iranian virtual space. Therefore, the main method is virtual ethnography and the data was analyzed by semiotic reading and thematic ...
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Our purpose in this research is to identify the types, strategies and consequences of constructing of justice. Most of the definitions of justice are made by youth and in the Iranian virtual space. Therefore, the main method is virtual ethnography and the data was analyzed by semiotic reading and thematic analysis. Types include agentic/critical, responsible, utopian, individualistic and national/transnational justice. Distributive, procedural and interactional justice are the most represented. Although epistemic justice is not expressed directly, it is seen in most definitions. Similarities can be seen between some aspects of the Islamic definition of justice with the Marxist, human rights, and liberal definitions of justice, although the latest definition simultaneously emphasizes individualism. There are strategies such as integrating the definitions of justice, iconizing, the role of power with various discourses, and resisting it in virtual space which has led to elitist definitions of justice, virtual agency of users due to the lack of direct possibility to bargain with power, dual otherizing, resistance to otherizing, and the spread of negative emotions. There was a lack of space in the dialogue between the youth and the power around justice.
Ali Fotovatian; Mahdi Sadafi; Abdolhosein Kalantari
Abstract
Emerging knowledge of cognitive sociology is an interdisciplinary field of cognitive science. Most research in this field of cognition is related to its relationship with cognitive psychology and neuroscience. Hence, the position of cognitive sociology is defined under the basic approaches of cognitive ...
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Emerging knowledge of cognitive sociology is an interdisciplinary field of cognitive science. Most research in this field of cognition is related to its relationship with cognitive psychology and neuroscience. Hence, the position of cognitive sociology is defined under the basic approaches of cognitive sciences. The present article seeks to return to the theoretical and philosophical foundations of sociology to highlight the role of society and culture. Martin Heidegger's attention to transcending the realm of the human mind and his existential conflict with the universe provided the basis for the development of human role-in-world Dasein to transcend human subjectivity and to consider the role of man in relation to other human beings in the world. Although Heidegger's time did not provide an opportunity to engage directly with the cognitive sciences, his student Herbert Dreyfuss nurtured Heidegger's idea of the role of human skillful adaptation to the world. The purpose of this article is to develop cognitive sociology not in relation to cognitive psychology and neuroscience and artificial intelligence but to rely on human social identity in conflict with other beings within society and culture to emphasize the richness of sociology versus cognitive sciences in cognitive sociology.
Mohsan Niazi; Ayyob Sakhaei; Neda Khodakaramian gilan; Fatemeh Hamikargar; Azad Omidvar
Abstract
The aim of this study was to meta-analysis of researches on the relationship between religiosity and social health, and this study was conducted to estimate the size of the effect of religiosity on social health. The statistical population consisted of all the studied studies from 2010 to 2020. Through ...
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The aim of this study was to meta-analysis of researches on the relationship between religiosity and social health, and this study was conducted to estimate the size of the effect of religiosity on social health. The statistical population consisted of all the studied studies from 2010 to 2020. Through purposeful sampling, 19 researches were selected as the final samples that have suitable characteristics for entering meta-analysis. In order to analyze the information, comprehensive CMA2 meta-analysis software has been used. The findings show that the size of the random combined effect of religiosity on social health is moderate, i.e. 0.331, considering the heterogeneity of the studies of the two variables "sex" and "geographic range" as the moderating variable was investigated. The results showed that social health among men is more affected by religiosity than women. Also, the results of the moderating role of geographical area showed that social health among citizens living in the north of the country is more affected by religiosity than other geographical areas.
