Sociology
Seyed Esmaeil Masoudi; Mohammad Taghi Iman; Hossein Abbasi,
Abstract
This article examines the alignment of Peter Berger's theory of the "social construction of reality" with the 20th century's "linguistic turn." Using a documentary method, it analyzes textual data from Berger and other thinkers. The study first explores the role of language in the sociologies of Durkheim ...
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This article examines the alignment of Peter Berger's theory of the "social construction of reality" with the 20th century's "linguistic turn." Using a documentary method, it analyzes textual data from Berger and other thinkers. The study first explores the role of language in the sociologies of Durkheim and Weber, contextualizes the linguistic turn, and then compares these with Berger's views. The results show that while Berger did not explicitly use the term, he adopted the linguistic turn approach. He constructed his theory by advancing beyond the frameworks of Durkheim and Weber, based on a shift within the sociology of knowledge. The analysis deduces seven conceptual elements to demonstrate how Berger's social theory is founded on this linguistic approach, which he calls the "sociology of language." The conceptual relationship of these elements with "everyday life" is identified, and the implications of the "linguistic structure of everyday life" for social research in Iran are discussed.
Sociology
Yazdan Karimi monjarmooei; SeyedAlireza Afshani; Ali Ruhani; mohammad mobaraki; Ahmad kalateh sadati
Abstract
Grief is a complex set of emotions, thoughts, and behaviors that individuals experience in response to loss or the threat of loss. One of the most significant contexts in which grief is commonly experienced is within the family, suggesting that grief is a fundamentally familial phenomenon. Accordingly, ...
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Grief is a complex set of emotions, thoughts, and behaviors that individuals experience in response to loss or the threat of loss. One of the most significant contexts in which grief is commonly experienced is within the family, suggesting that grief is a fundamentally familial phenomenon. Accordingly, this study aimed to explore the experience of grief in organ donor families. Employing a qualitative approach based on Moustakas's transcendental phenomenological method, the study involved 17 organ donor families selected through purposive sampling. Data collection utilized in-depth interviews. The gathered data were analyzed under two main themes and six subthemes. These themes and subthemes encompass: grief (normal grief, psychosomatic grief, and complicated grief) and grief self-management (emotional self-regulation, spiritual self-care, sense of aliveness, family empathy, commemorative therapy, and family support). The findings revealed that grief is a multifaceted process, with organ donor families experiencing it at varying levels. These different levels have been associated with diverse physical and psychological consequences for family members. Organ donor families also managed their grief by turning to spirituality, expressing empathy and compassion for other families, regulating their emotions and feelings, seeking emotional support from their families, receiving positive feedback, and participating in commemorative ceremonies
Philosophy of Social Sciences
Saber Jafari Kafiabad; Elham Rabiee
Abstract
Within a Neo-Kantian framework, this article argues that historical–cultural reality is both infinite and lacks any rational form;therefore, its scientific cognition requires a methodical reconstruction by means of concepts.The guiding question is how necessity and objectivity can arise in the ...
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Within a Neo-Kantian framework, this article argues that historical–cultural reality is both infinite and lacks any rational form;therefore, its scientific cognition requires a methodical reconstruction by means of concepts.The guiding question is how necessity and objectivity can arise in the cultural sciences when unity and universality are not given. First, a principle of selection clearly identifies aims and cognitive interests that demarcate the field of inquiry. Second, conceptual formation and the constitution of the object integrate selected elements into a unified order. On this basis, Rickert’s value-relevance (Wertbeziehung) explains how the “historical individual” is constructed as the object that makes history a science; values function as intersubjective criteria for selection and ordering, thereby shifting necessity from being (Sein) to validity (Geltung). In continuity with and critique of Rickert—and amid the dispute between the German Historical School and the Austrian School—Weber devises ideal types as methodological utopias and analytically testable constructs. The concrete becomes knowable only after comparison with ideal types and then, ultimately, through inductive empirical rules that determine causal and meaning adequacy. The article concludes that necessity issues not from reality itself but from the joint operation of selection and conceptual formation, so objectivity is normative-conceptual rather than metaphysical.
Sociology
ali yaghoobi
Abstract
The main objective of this study is to examine the concepts, translations, and Simmelian reception in Iran. According to the findings, during the first period—coinciding with the establishment of the University of Tehran and the discipline of sociology—Simmel’s thought was not only ...
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The main objective of this study is to examine the concepts, translations, and Simmelian reception in Iran. According to the findings, during the first period—coinciding with the establishment of the University of Tehran and the discipline of sociology—Simmel’s thought was not only overlooked in Iran but also lacked a serious position in Western contexts. In the second period, with the founding of the Institute for Social Research in 1958, Simmel occupied a marginal place within the dominant currents of Iranian sociology—namely, positivists and leftists—and a blurred image of him emerged in the academic sphere. The third period was marked by resistance against sociology in Iran, with the discipline primarily addressing the disadvantaged social classes, while no substantial difference from the preceding stage was observed. In the fourth period, during the 1990s, significant domestic and international developments took place. Post-revolutionary Iranian society transitioned from a revolutionary to a consumer society. Within this context, the concept of lifestyle came to occupy a central position in the humanities and social sciences, and more of Simmel’s works and concepts were translated and produced in Iran.
Methodology of Social Sciences
abozar moradi
Abstract
In this article, the different interpretations of the quantum theory are introduced, in order to determine which one more suitable for its expansion into the field of social sciences. The main criterion for judging the appropriateness of is its ability to explain the relationship between the intentional ...
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In this article, the different interpretations of the quantum theory are introduced, in order to determine which one more suitable for its expansion into the field of social sciences. The main criterion for judging the appropriateness of is its ability to explain the relationship between the intentional actions of individuals and the social reality as a common concept by reviewing the body-mind relationship. It is argued that instrumentalist and materialist ontological interpretations of quantum mechanics are not suitable for this purpose; as they do not leave room for subjectivity as a physical phenomenon with a causal power different from matter. Another case is the third-person subjectivist interpretation, in which the observer’s agency cause the collapse of the wave function. Considering that the main challenge in social sciences is the intentional actions of individuals participating in the formation of that phenomenon, it is also does not have the desired characteristic. Instead, it is proposed that the combination of the Boehm and Primas interpretations of the quantum theory is more suitable for the expansion into social sciences. These interpretations attribute primitive mentality and self-awareness to particles at the fundamental level, allowing for consideration of a causal power different from matter for mentality.
