Social Sciences

Abstract In this paper, we first briefly review the evolution of the inter-cultural communication in the pre-ICT world. By emphasizing on the role of fatalism and free will beliefs in the inter-cultural communication, it has been shown that the system of inter-cultural communication used to be in a multi-polar fashion before the 13th century. The single-polar age started from the 14th century and ended up to the globalization era which was described by Herbert Marcel McLuhan as the era of living in a globalvillage . Although the global village was formed by a historical process by itself, but it made it much easier to run some communicational projects against other cultures. The second part of the paper considers the culturalimperialism and cultural invasion concepts. The cultural imperialism is the product of having a US-based single-polar system and the cultural invasion is due to some specific evolutions during the global village era; however it should be noted that the so called cultural invasion is in a great difference with the military invasion . By explaining some of the important differences, it has been shown that the current situation is actually a transient period which is anticipated to be followed by a different era within a few years. The upcoming stage is called the message bazaar as it has some interesting similarities with the oriental traditional bazaars. The last part of the paper describes some of the predicted features of the inter-cultural communication, especially the effect of hardware and software evolutions to ease the difficulties of having different languages, in the message bazaar. The pathology of entering to the so called bazaar is also studied.

Abstract Technological and information origins of the information society and surveillance society. Here is two theories about development technology:optimistic and critic.writer believe one way for this issue. His article intendes to analyze the Iranian experts and staff towards surveillance society. He major method of this research is Delphi for experts and surveying for staff. Inally,base upon ideas :when we haven,! any law about this paradoxical situation, the surveillance society will be a problem for iran government. He future of challenge between surveillance electronic and information flow in iran, shows 18 ideas as forecasting.

Abstract This article intends to carry out a sociological study on the political tendencies of Iranian political activists and elits. This article is the outcome of a scientific research carried out among Iranian political activist and through a survey method. The attempt has been made to explain the social bases of their tendencies to one of the two dominant political wings. The theoretical framework of this article is formed using several sociological theories. A political tendency is taken as the dependent variable, and political socialization, social status, and political experiences as the independent variables. The outcomes shows that political orientation of people to one of two dominant political wings is statistically most related to political socialization and least related to social status. In the other words, social status known in social stratification does not signify the political tendencies of conservatives and reformists rather it is their political socialization that mostly counts for their political tendencies. The results show that the existing dichotomy between two wings is considered as natural and there is no place for being concerned and worried.

Abstract The objective of this research is to examination impacts of communication on the tendency to change rural lifestyles. In this research, the meaning of lifestyle refers 10 material consumption or in other word utilization of new facilities in our life. He data has been gathered from 466 questionnaire in 46 villages in lsfehan, khoozestan, Azarbaycjan_gharbi and Golestan provinces. Theoretical framework of this investigation is based on Cultivation theory. Findings show that utilization of TV, Video and Foreign Televisions has affected rural people's attitude towards urban life and have changed their lifestyle (material consumption ).

Abstract Today, One of the most important issues that Shows the importance of Public relations is the increasing complexity and danamism of communities. In this respect, developing intraoranizalional relations and reflecting the Scientific findings to people are the factors that explained the importance of public relations. In hte present paper, the effective factors on efficiency of Public relation and the viewws of managers are discussed.