This article is a review of some of global trends in the institution of higher education. In the introduction it discusses the problem of understanding higher education in the age of globalization and information technology. From this point of view, it seems that there are many crisis in higher education ...
Read More
This article is a review of some of global trends in the institution of higher education. In the introduction it discusses the problem of understanding higher education in the age of globalization and information technology. From this point of view, it seems that there are many crisis in higher education around the world. It has been argued that the real crisis is our inability to understand what is going and happening in the higher education institution. The second part of the article examines the impact of globalization of higher education focusing on computer and digital technologies. Massification and internationalization are two global trends in higher education that are discussed in the next parts of this article. The next part dedicated to the state of Iranian higher education. Here some of the problems and characters of Iranian higher education are discussed. At the end, some suggestions to develop the Iranian higher education system have been presented by the writer.
The relationship between access to mass media and the societal development has been discussed in communication science literature since the 1950s. In 1958, Daniel Lerner proposed a linear cause-and-effect relationship between the mass media and societal development. Through the years the subject has ...
Read More
The relationship between access to mass media and the societal development has been discussed in communication science literature since the 1950s. In 1958, Daniel Lerner proposed a linear cause-and-effect relationship between the mass media and societal development. Through the years the subject has stimulated intense discussion among communication researchers, especially in developing countries. In one of our previous studies, the Iranian media was studied for the period 1956-1991 and it was observed that the correlation coefficient among the elements ofLerner s discussion was more than 0.9. However, we argued that the observed correlations were not representative of a cause and effect relationship. To derive such a relation, the effect of inequality in the amount of media access and also the difference in the media content should be considered. To have a comparative media access criterion we first introduce thث Media Access Index (MAl) and its computation method. It is shown that the MAI has a high correlation coefficient (more than 0.9) with the well-known United Nations (UN) Human Development Index (HDI) in more than 167 countries. Hence, it is a reliable index to use in performing adaptive studies. Another index which has been used is the Digital Access Index (DAI) which has been recently developed by the International Telecommunication Association. In this paper, the MAI and the DAI indexes among different categorized countries are compared. The categories are based on the major religious group in each country (as representative of the religion in that country) not the geographical position of the country. However the paper is mainly concentrated on the countries with Muslim population. The comparative study shows that there is a deep inequality among different categories. Finally, based on the regression equations, the normality or abnormality of the amount of media access among the different categories is investigated.
The main question of this research was whether there is any relationship between delinquent behavior and the religiosity of the university students. The objective was to find out the relation between social delinquency and religion. To find out the answers to the above question two randomly selected ...
Read More
The main question of this research was whether there is any relationship between delinquent behavior and the religiosity of the university students. The objective was to find out the relation between social delinquency and religion. To find out the answers to the above question two randomly selected groups of students were compared. There were 117 delinqeunt students in the study group and the same number of normal students in the control group. The data to test the hypothesis were collected through a questionnaire in addition to some obserration in the field. The data were analyzed wsing SPSS, and were done, wsing SPSS, by caparison of frequencies and Percentages, the Chi-square, Cramer's V and Kendall's Taub statistics. The results show that: A: Although majority of the students were religious, howe ner we found that the normal students were more religious than the delinquent students. B: Students' social class, as control variable, did not have any effect in the above result. C: The students' opinion towards the family life was another control variable. In the semi traditional group of students the above result between dependent and independent variables was found, but this was not the case in the modern group
The aim of this article is to examine the effect of social, demographic and familial factors on delinquent behavior of high school students. In other words, we attempt to find an answer to this basic question: Why do some students commit delinquent behavior? Accordingly, the variables and hypotheses ...
Read More
The aim of this article is to examine the effect of social, demographic and familial factors on delinquent behavior of high school students. In other words, we attempt to find an answer to this basic question: Why do some students commit delinquent behavior? Accordingly, the variables and hypotheses have been developed from three major theoretical perspectives, that is, strain, social control and sub-cultural theories to answer this question. In this study, the data needed to test hypotheses has been obtained throuth self-reported questionnaire and multistage stratified random sampling method from a sample of 1200 high school students in Bushehr province. The inferential statistical techniques such as T-test, on way analysis of variance, correlation coefficients (Pearson, Spearman), simple and multiple regression (stepwise method) were used in the data analysis by the SPSS. The results showed that such variables as the parents, education, student's educational state, family income, student's attachment to his/her family and school, student's piety, and student's religious background and parents control on their children had inverse and significant relation to the student's delinquent behavior with the confidence level of 95 percent. The results showed that such variables as student's attachment and friendshop with his delinquent friends, and family domain had positive and significant relation to his delinquent behavior with the confidence level of 95 percent. The results also showed tha such variables as age had no significant relation to the student's delinquent behavior on the confidence level of 95 pervent. Finally, variabels such as parent's occupational state, family structure, sex, school grade and the field of study had a significant relation to his/her delinquent behavior on the confidence level of 95 percent.
Social work with criminals and juvenile delinquents is almost a neglected area within social work education system in Iran. The graduates are not usually equipped with the knowledge base and the specific skills required for practice in Criminal Justice System. It is only a very recent activity to appoint ...
Read More
Social work with criminals and juvenile delinquents is almost a neglected area within social work education system in Iran. The graduates are not usually equipped with the knowledge base and the specific skills required for practice in Criminal Justice System. It is only a very recent activity to appoint some social work graduates in social work and counseling sections within certain Police Stations to handle the family quarrels and domestic violence cases, but the social work students are not trained to work as probation officers. This article tries to demonstrate the goal and objectives of criminal justice social work and the importance of social work and rehabilitative measures that should be taken by well-trained social workers in criminal justice system and prisons. The roles and specific activities of social workers in working with criminals and juvenile offenders have been emphasized. The required outcome-oriented social work practice and inter• disciplinary as well as intra-disciplinary collaboration skills have been mentioned, along with examples of goodpractice measures within the system, andhow-to guidelines about. helping clients to overcome their problems and achieve their expectations.
