In this article, we are going to explain remarkable changes in demographic trends of Iran, in the light of "the theory of demographic transition". At this stage of the research, the main findings are as follows: l. In pretransitional era, like any other countries at the same stage, fertility in Iran ...
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In this article, we are going to explain remarkable changes in demographic trends of Iran, in the light of "the theory of demographic transition". At this stage of the research, the main findings are as follows: l. In pretransitional era, like any other countries at the same stage, fertility in Iran was relatively stable at a very high level and mortality flunctuated widely around the expected average close to the level of fertility. But, compared to the demographic conditions of Western and Northern European countries at the same stage, level of fertility and mortality in lran appears to be remarkably higher. 2.Mortality transition of Iran should have started early in this century (in persian calender). But, compared to the Western experience, mortality transition in Iran started much later and from a much higher level, proceeded much faster, and all of these changes until recently occured while,in contrast to the Western eexperience, fertility remained relatively stable at a very high level. 3.Fertility transition of Iran should have started recently following the end of the Iran Iraq.war. Compared to the experience of Western Europe and Northern America, fertility transition of Iran started at a much higher level and appears to proceed at a much more rapid pace.
The situation, development and status of the new middle class in present societies are among the important topics of discussions in the area of social stratification. In this paper, in a theoretical review, the status, situation, size and criterion of determining the new middle class have been discussed ...
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The situation, development and status of the new middle class in present societies are among the important topics of discussions in the area of social stratification. In this paper, in a theoretical review, the status, situation, size and criterion of determining the new middle class have been discussed about This bas been done through a) existing statistical iformation, b) a survey in Tehran, and c) literature review. The general characteristics of this class in advanced societies were studied and compared 10 the same in Iran, the result of which bas been exhibited in a table in the conclusion section of the paper.
In this article, the writer first talks about the newly.found drawings and symbols of Teimareh and their themes. Then, he tries to answer a great deal of questions emerging in the minds of those who observe these drawings or read the reports about them: When, why and how the man was involved in artistry, ...
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In this article, the writer first talks about the newly.found drawings and symbols of Teimareh and their themes. Then, he tries to answer a great deal of questions emerging in the minds of those who observe these drawings or read the reports about them: When, why and how the man was involved in artistry, including painting and engraving on the rocks? Who were the creators of the drawings and symbols seen on the Teirnareh rocks'? Were they _ as it is mostly believed _ shepherds, caravanians, passengers and like it? Why merely in special areas, such as beaches and the main branches of the rivers, these drawings and symbols are observed? Why are the patterns of mans and animals seen frequently? What was the objective of the creators of these patterns: to satisfy their aesthetic needs, to play upon rocks, or to do something seriously? Why are the patterns of the plants and domestic animals too ICM than those of wild animals? Why some of these patterns have been engraved repeatedly on each other'! When have they been created? How can we find the exact origins of these patterns, excluding comparison and guessing by means of contexts?
AIDS is a global problem to which human beings are encountered at the end of the twentieth century. AIDS victims could be seen in all continents. The economic and cultural reasons are considered to be the major causes of this horrible disease. Major infection routes are: 1. Sexual intercourse with an ...
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AIDS is a global problem to which human beings are encountered at the end of the twentieth century. AIDS victims could be seen in all continents. The economic and cultural reasons are considered to be the major causes of this horrible disease. Major infection routes are: 1. Sexual intercourse with an AIDS_infected person 2. Injection of AIDS-contaminated blood 3. Transmission of disease from infected mother to babies 4. Sharing hypodermic needles by drug addicts. This article intends to present the role of social workers in methods of working with AIDS patients, the prevention patterns of the spread of the disease, and informing the patients as well as the families. In this course, the role of individual work covers a vast spectrum of social work. It includes consultation, education, referral, group work, etc
In this article, the non.academic antnropotogy , those anthropological texts found in the historical, geographical, ethical, religious and literary books of Iranian Islamic writers in the recent century _ are analyzed. Also, the folkloric researches relating to the Iranian Follclor are introbuced. Meanwhile, ...
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In this article, the non.academic antnropotogy , those anthropological texts found in the historical, geographical, ethical, religious and literary books of Iranian Islamic writers in the recent century _ are analyzed. Also, the folkloric researches relating to the Iranian Follclor are introbuced. Meanwhile, the writer tries to identify and clarify the rote of Sadeq Hedayat as the besLlcnown researcher who is believed to be the most efficient figure in Iranian Folklore context.
To investigate the effects of suggestion on olfactory perception, a group of library science students (N =33) participated in two experiments. I In the first experiment, a bottle containing tea which resembled to alchohol in color brought into the class and the students were told that some alcnohol would ...
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To investigate the effects of suggestion on olfactory perception, a group of library science students (N =33) participated in two experiments. I In the first experiment, a bottle containing tea which resembled to alchohol in color brought into the class and the students were told that some alcnohol would be poured into plate and would be put before the class. They were asked to report when they smilled the alchohot, 39 percent of the subjects reported that they smelled the alchohol in less than five minutes. (x2=4.84 , p<0.05). In the second experiment, a bottle containing real atchohol was shown to a psychology class (N=34), and the first experiment was explained to them. Then, they were told that the bottle contained tea and the aim of the experiment was to see if they could smell alchohol when they know it was tea. Then some atchobot was poured into a plate and was put before the class. The subjects were asked to report if they didn't smell the alchohot, 26.5 percent of the subjects did not smell the alchohol despite of the strong smell (x2=22.09 , p<0.001). These experiments showed that suggestion could induce or eliminate the sense of
olfaction. The results were discussed in the framework of social psychological theory of perception.
The cooperatives, known to be the seventh type of commercial companies in trade law, for their activities in the society have serious problems including bow to _ meet the members' needs to persuade them to participate in these activities, _ provide financial sources, and _ compete with the powerful private ...
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The cooperatives, known to be the seventh type of commercial companies in trade law, for their activities in the society have serious problems including bow to _ meet the members' needs to persuade them to participate in these activities, _ provide financial sources, and _ compete with the powerful private companies. In this article, the writer tries his best to _ inform and aware the managers and boards of directors of cooperatives how to solve their problems and do their social and economical activities successfully, - advise them to pay attention carefully to the principles of organization and management, and - apply these principles to their cooperatives. At last, the writer comes to this conclusion that the managers of Such Companies, first of all, should be familiar to these principles, then believe them and finally take use of them in their performances.
Undoubtedly, it can be declared that "participant observation", which is a principal method in ethnology, fragilizes the "objectivity" and "generalization" principles in social researches. Hence, this method is a unique, innovative and powerful method which responds our needs better than any other Western ...
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Undoubtedly, it can be declared that "participant observation", which is a principal method in ethnology, fragilizes the "objectivity" and "generalization" principles in social researches. Hence, this method is a unique, innovative and powerful method which responds our needs better than any other Western methods through collecting information. Participant observation makes it possible for Iranian researchers to apply their traditional verbal interaction called "le recit du caeur" (darcl.e del) seriously and make use of it scientifically. Participant obserbation has two main characteristics: a) suppression the cultural distance between enquirer and infomrmant, and b) deep observation of real and pragmatic behaviors of the statistical society in our culture which enjoys double language and behavior. Familiarity to this method which has been clearly explained in this paper by Helen Cbauchat _ professor of social sciences at Rene Descartes (Sorbonne) University - is an opportunty for Iranian social researchers to adopt and enrich it through adaption it to the population situatioos in Iran.
