bagher sarokhani; zahra karubi
Volume 16, Issue 47 , February 2009, , Pages 37-73
Abstract
The main purpose of this research is to determine the effects of globalization on Iranian Television in general and its culture m particular. Also, what actions are necessary to improve the effects of Television on culture . In other words, it surveys the effective role of television and Globalization ...
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The main purpose of this research is to determine the effects of globalization on Iranian Television in general and its culture m particular. Also, what actions are necessary to improve the effects of Television on culture . In other words, it surveys the effective role of television and Globalization process in different aspects of the culture. In order to benefit from the positive results of the globalization process and staying away from the negative ones, media play a very important role. The performance of this research will clarify which cultural globalization theories in the television mediums are under way. Also, how much the Iranian Television have effected in this process and what roles it is playing in this globalization process. This research can help the authorities of television to provide a better programming and benefit from the more positive processes of the globalization and at the same time, avoid the negative ones. The subject of this research in globalization domain is new. Related to the cultural globalization, the role of media and its effect on the Iranian culture, there is not enough research done. This adds to the importance of this research. It is obvious that in many aspects of culture the Iranian Television follows the global model, but in general it follows the traditional system. Also, in the Delphi section, some helpful views related to the global media management are provided. In this research the "Documentary, Content Analysis and Delphi" method have been used. In the Documentary section, we tried to use the scientific principles of research with the consideration of the theoretical ground on globalization ,culture and media. In the Content Analysis part, some programs and episodes of the different Television stations such as Channel 1, 2, 3 and the Tehran network (channels) have been studied. Finally, in the Delphi section, the views of different professionals in communication, media management, media and cultural globalization have been studied in order to provide the solution for globalization management in the domain of culture to this medium administrator.
mehdi mohsenianrad
Mohammad Osman Hosseinbor; Abdolrasol Hasanifar
Abstract
Investigating the interactions between religion and politics, or in other words, the political role of clergy or religious forces is one of the most important subjects of Iran socity in recent centuries. Considering this fact that the process of modernization in many countries has helped to undermine ...
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Investigating the interactions between religion and politics, or in other words, the political role of clergy or religious forces is one of the most important subjects of Iran socity in recent centuries. Considering this fact that the process of modernization in many countries has helped to undermine religious traditions, phenomena such as Islamic Iranian revolution and the growth of Islamic fundamentalism have doubled the importance of this matter. This article, through a historical overview of the changes in Iran during Reza Shah and based on the theory of John Kenneth Galbraith, try to study the political role of the clergy in this period and their relationships with Reza shah. In this regard, two periods can be distinguished. In a period, the clergy have an active and outstanding political role and even in a kind of legitimacy of power and government. But in other period, their political role was weak and against Reza Shah. The difference between the political role of the clergy in the period of Reza Shah has a direct relationship with the resources and means of power of clergy on the one hand and Reza shah on the other hand. Keywords: clergy, Reza Shah, power, Iran, theory of Galbraith.
Mohsen Askari; Hassan Ahmadi; Nasser Barati
Abstract
Despite a vast literature regarding the concept of “Islamic City”, still there is not a clear cohesion in regards to the the utopian and historical approaches of these studies. This important issue has caused the role of the different multifarious and influential factors in shaping the “complex ...
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Despite a vast literature regarding the concept of “Islamic City”, still there is not a clear cohesion in regards to the the utopian and historical approaches of these studies. This important issue has caused the role of the different multifarious and influential factors in shaping the “complex cities of the Islamic period” to be ignored. Reading the content related to the Islamic Iranian city requires a realist and historical understanding of the issue from its different aspects. The approach of the current study is qualitative and it is a historical study. Furthermore, the analytical dimensions of the text entails a “process” understanding of the birth and transformation of the city, rather than a “product-centered” examination of it. The period length of the study covers up until the Safavid period. The findings reveal sixty key fundamental components in this field, and in three layers of “history of Arabs”, “Iran’s culture”, and “the Islamic Iranian civilization”. In isolation, the components do not belong to the specific “religion-culture” of Arabs nor Iranians and are a result of a synergistic relationship. A macro approach to the collection of the components makes possible the understanding of how the external process of emergence and growth of the city could be shaped, and also it makes possible the explanation of the phenomena, events and religious and cultural transformations of the Islamic Iranian society and city in the aforementioned centuries.
Fatemeh Ghareh Hasanloo; Zahra Mirhosseini
Abstract
This study aims to analyze the context forming gender inequality in the job market and employment through a phenomenological qualitative approach based on the lived experiences of women living in Tehran. Hence, a semi-structured interview was conducted on 23 women from 18 to 68 years old, who were selected ...
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This study aims to analyze the context forming gender inequality in the job market and employment through a phenomenological qualitative approach based on the lived experiences of women living in Tehran. Hence, a semi-structured interview was conducted on 23 women from 18 to 68 years old, who were selected through purposive sampling to analyze the context of gender inequality in the job market and employment. Colaizzi’s method of data analysis was utilized. Additionally, coding the text of the interviews was done manually. In total, three categories, ten subcategories, and 59 concepts were extracted. According to the research results, the “Belief in gendered division of labor” category, consisting of “The breadwinning of men,” “Femininity and its necessities,” and “The status of women in private” subcategories; the “Institualization of women’s inferiority” category, consisting of “the socialization of women,” “the submission of women,” and “male-oriented gender stereotypes” subcategories; and the “predominance of patriarchal paradigms” category, consisting of “belief in the superiority of men,” “the domination of men,” “the innate empowerment of men,” and “neglecting the power of women in the job market” subcategories are some of the context forming this phenomenon, which has been reinforced in the cultural context ruling over society and families while they are constantly being produced and reproduced.
Abootorab Talebi; Amirhossein Bahripoor
Abstract
Abutorab Talebi Amir Bahri Poor Date of Receive: 2013/10/1Date of Accept: 2014/4/25AbstractThe purpose of this paper is to examine the level of collectivism in social responsibility among Kashan’s Citizens in five dimensions of community, cultural, political, economic and environmental. Effects ...
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Abutorab Talebi Amir Bahri Poor Date of Receive: 2013/10/1Date of Accept: 2014/4/25AbstractThe purpose of this paper is to examine the level of collectivism in social responsibility among Kashan’s Citizens in five dimensions of community, cultural, political, economic and environmental. Effects of variables as economic, social and cultural capital and religiosity on citizen’s collectivism in the social responsibility were studied. The method for the research is survey and statistical society in this research includes adults, 18 years and older of Kashan in 2013. In this research, 383 people have been selected as the sample volume and for sample selection, multistep cluster method was used. Findings show that collectivism in social responsibility is weak among most of citizens. In social, cultural, political, economic and environmental dimensions, the levels of collectivism are different. The strongest collectivism among dimensions of social responsibility is for the dimension of environmental. The consequences of the research hypotheses, confirmed meaningful correlations between social capital, cultural capital and religiosity with citizen’s collectivism in the social responsibility. The relation between the economic capital and social responsibility was rejected. Religiosity has the most power to affect on social responsibility.
mohamadhosein saraei
Abstract
Unsustainable development, as an important subject in the last two centuries and its harmful outcomes which come as a result of some variables such as population, per capita and consumption model indicates the importance of sustainable development for last decade of this century. Also urban sustainability ...
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Unsustainable development, as an important subject in the last two centuries and its harmful outcomes which come as a result of some variables such as population, per capita and consumption model indicates the importance of sustainable development for last decade of this century. Also urban sustainability is a key component of this concept and is complicated and multidimentional phenomene which takes in to account economics, social and demographic factors for city improvent. Scientists have presented numerious quantitative and qualitative models for measuring sustainable development of cities and societies. One of the main quantitative models is Ecological Footprint model. This article seeks to study the effects of socio/ economics and demographic factors on Ecological Footprint. 250 residents of Bushehr city as a statistics society have been studied. Results show parameters of independent variable have significant effects on ecological footprint component almost %81.
mohammad sheykhi
Volume 10, Issue 22 , August 2003, , Pages 39-68
Abstract
The questions considerecl in this Article arc: l) What factors have effected the form of neighbourhood structure of the cities in the past period of Islamic cities? 2) What are the functions of neighbourhood units in the past Islamic cities? Based a comparative survey and investigation of many related ...
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The questions considerecl in this Article arc: l) What factors have effected the form of neighbourhood structure of the cities in the past period of Islamic cities? 2) What are the functions of neighbourhood units in the past Islamic cities? Based a comparative survey and investigation of many related documents this article finds that: 1) The form of neighbourhood structure of the cities in the past Islamic counries affected by pre-Islamic characteristics rather than Islamic cosmology and educations. Such factors as social classification, socio - cultural, religious and racial factors affected the neighbaurhood units in these cities. Also the primitive (rural - nomadism) pattern of life and the settlement pattern of such different group in these cities lead to crystalization of cities in the form of neighbourhood structures! 2) The city neighbourhoods in the past Islamic cities have different functions:
They provide context for socio - cultural, racial, religious and so other relationships and devided the city upon it.
- Through neighbourhood the primitive relationships could be kept and restructured in smalls parcels of cities.
- Urban neighbourhood also function as a tool for local administration
and urban governance through informal controls.
- They also sometimes substitute NGOs and formal parties and promote popular cooperation. Finauy, neighbourhood units in the past Islamic cities despite of various forms and charachters in Islamic countries have two main functions:
They act as functional units for service colverage of subregional of cities in one hand; and in the other hand, they role playing as social units for social relations and social correlations in defined district of the cities.
Both two above functions emphasized in new urbanism theories and practices as a tool for prevention of alienation in the metropole cities, megalopolis and conurbations.
omid ali masudi
Volume 12, Issue 31 , November 2005, , Pages 39-69
Abstract
Technological and information origins of the information society and surveillance society. Here is two theories about development technology:optimistic and critic.writer believe one way for this issue. His article intendes to analyze the Iranian experts and staff towards surveillance society. He major ...
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Technological and information origins of the information society and surveillance society. Here is two theories about development technology:optimistic and critic.writer believe one way for this issue. His article intendes to analyze the Iranian experts and staff towards surveillance society. He major method of this research is Delphi for experts and surveying for staff. Inally,base upon ideas :when we haven,! any law about this paradoxical situation, the surveillance society will be a problem for iran government. He future of challenge between surveillance electronic and information flow in iran, shows 18 ideas as forecasting.
morteza salemi ghamsari
Abstract
Majlis Shuraye Meli (The National Consultative Assembly) opened for the first time after the victory of Iranian Constitutional Revolution in 1906; and Iranian political parties officially started their activities since the Second Malis. However, since that time Iranian parties existed, they performed ...
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Majlis Shuraye Meli (The National Consultative Assembly) opened for the first time after the victory of Iranian Constitutional Revolution in 1906; and Iranian political parties officially started their activities since the Second Malis. However, since that time Iranian parties existed, they performed and functioned ostensibly and superficially. It was due to fact that the structural foundation of Iranian society remained quite similar to pre-Constitutional Movement era. Also, existing parties, instead of raising public participation in politics which is one of its important duties-, were competing with each other and this culminated in assassinations and excommunications. As a result, these parties not only didn t display a peaceful picture of political competition, but also they became an important factor in conflicts within the society because the conception of party was reduced to those secret pre-Constitutional associations. Instead of attracting ordinary people, parties were engaged in attracting the rich and power-brokers. Wherever they were able to do anything, as a result of conflicts between parties or influence of tyrants or foreign countries, theycouldn t be successful. On the whole, from Second to Fifth Majlis, a slight progress occurred within this Assembly, but mostly they were suppressing their competitors and waste their time for political quarrels, not political competitions. During that period of time, opportunists used these parties as legal means. For example, Rezakhan could demolish the Ghajar and call himself as the King of Persia, using parties within the Fifth Majlis which were supporting him. Consequently, at the first stage of their activities, parties were puppets in the questionnaire which has been prepared via referring to control participants. The statistical sample is 320 persons of Tehranian Muslim citizens who are over 15 years of age which comprise two groups. One group is donating tissue and organ (with organ donation card) and anther group do not donate. The description and analysis of data has been done in three levels. Descriptive statistics has been used in one-variable situation analysis (one-dimensional tables and distribution figures). Inferential statistics has been used for the analysis of two-dimensional tables. Regression has been used in multi-variable analysis. The findings of the study show that organ donation is related to the individual characteristics such as: age, sex, gain of physical health, social features socio-economic status, personality, Universalism. People's attitude towards donation and social trust as the out put of personality trait. The more literacy, the more knowledge of the subject, universalism, trust and positive attitude towards organ donation, the more willingness to donate organs. In contrast, the more gain of health, age and social status, the less organ donation. Findings of the regression analysis also show that, trust in medical profession and universalism play the most important in determining organ donation in regression model, respectively It's note worthy that hands of power-brokers and that period came to an end through theparties defeat and formation of dictatorship from the Constitutional Movement. Because, although political parties were heralds of the modern era, pre-Constitutional relations were still ruling over and parties were born before the formation of any political, social, economical or cultural construction, and as those parties were in conflict with existing constructions, theycouldn t do their duties properly and they acted only as a deficient version on parties in other countries.
ali asghar kia
Volume 12, Issue 32 , February 2006, , Pages 39-75
Abstract
The theoretical bases of this article are theories of information society. The method of research was survey, and the questionnaires were filled out in 13 dailynewspaper offices by 212 journalists. More than 85 percent of the journalists in the newspaper offices had access to computers and 78% of them ...
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The theoretical bases of this article are theories of information society. The method of research was survey, and the questionnaires were filled out in 13 dailynewspaper offices by 212 journalists. More than 85 percent of the journalists in the newspaper offices had access to computers and 78% of them had connections to the internet. However, financial problems has been the main reason for not making use of the internet. The mean use of the internet by the journalists was Jess than 1 hour in a day. The tendency of %97 of the journalists for using internet was high, and their main motivation was obtaining information. Most journalists were using internet in wriung their texts in daily newspapers at the rate of medium level. The assessment of most of the journalists from government policies concerning internet was weak: The highest use of internet was in Afarinesh and Bonian newspapers' and Hamshahri only has had satellite connection to the internet. Yahoo, BBC, and Gooya were the most visited sites by the Iranian journalists.
mansoore tabrizi
Abstract
In the contemporary era, the internet has a notable role in the life and relationships of human beings. In this research, we try to present the most important effective aspects of internet on marital relationships, and inquire its dimensions. For this reason, nearly forty researches of last two recent ...
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In the contemporary era, the internet has a notable role in the life and relationships of human beings. In this research, we try to present the most important effective aspects of internet on marital relationships, and inquire its dimensions. For this reason, nearly forty researches of last two recent decades (since 1995) were recognized, and qualitative content analysis was used to distinguish two important fields of internet effects on marital life: changes in everyday relationships, and changes in marital boundaries. The overall findings of these researches verify the effect of internet on these two realms, however the different aspects of this relationship should be considered. The effect of internet on everyday life of couples depends on the time, place, kind of consumption, and the situations and periods of a couple’s life. Some internet facilities like sexual content and cyber relationships have important effects on marital boundaries. These effects changes concerning some elements like the reason of consumption, mental, familial and gender backgrounds, and emotional and sexual relationships in the internet.
ezatolah samaram
Abstract
The idea of "social capital" for the first time entered in to the literature of sociology by social scientists as social wealth and social income. Social capital is an interdisciplinary concept among economics, sociology and political sciences which has a valued approach towards social interactions in ...
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The idea of "social capital" for the first time entered in to the literature of sociology by social scientists as social wealth and social income. Social capital is an interdisciplinary concept among economics, sociology and political sciences which has a valued approach towards social interactions in the goals achievement which are not just social but political and economical in nature. Such capital is created by interactions between people in a social relation network. Social capital refers to the links and communication between members of a network in which the creation of norms and mutual trust brought about fulfillment of goals. It should be noted that without social capital, following the path of development and cultural and economical fulfillment will be difficult and uneven. Nowadays, organizational social capital is considered to be one of the most prominent issues of organization management which plays a more key role than human and physical capital. The networks of public and group relations include cohesion among people in an organization and also between people and the organization. In this paper it is intended to measure the social capital at the university as a complex network of social interactions. The research method is a field survey based on questionnaire. The results show that among students whom are studied, age of the student, tendency towards the religious practices and the year of entry to university are the most significant effective factors in the level of their social capital. Considering the academic staff of the university, only the tendency towards religious practices influenced their level of social capital.
Mahyar Mohebi Meimandi; Mohammad Sasanipour
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the most important factors in the occurrence and epidemic of emerging infectious diseases such as Covid-19 and their relationship with modernization and globalization based on the concepts presented in the sociological perspective of risky society Irish Beck ...
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The purpose of this study was to investigate the most important factors in the occurrence and epidemic of emerging infectious diseases such as Covid-19 and their relationship with modernization and globalization based on the concepts presented in the sociological perspective of risky society Irish Beck and the demographic view of health transition. The research method is descriptive-analytical and based on existing documents. According to the findings, the most important reasons for occurrence of emerging infectious diseases is environmental change (climate change and global warming and deforestation), which is related to human interventions in nature. Urbanization, high density in cities, air pollution, the increase in migration and the growth of spatial mobility are also among the most important factors in the spread of diseases such as Covid-19. All these causes and factors are related to modernization, globalization and its risks. On the other hand, social, economic, health and geographical inequalities also play an important role in the continued presence of the Covid-19 epidemic within and between countries, especially in middle-income countries such as Iran. These inequalities have become more pronounced, especially after the discovery of the vaccine. Therefore, occurrence, global prevalence and differences between countries in this field can be explained with the risky society and the health transition approaches.
Sociology
Zeinab Malekipour; Soheila Sadeghi Fasaei; Asemeh Ghasemi
Abstract
Analyzing the evolution of the family institution and understanding how to build emotional relationships in married life has been one of the main concerns of modern social theory. Accordingly, the present article, using a qualitative study and adopting a phenomenological approach and using thematic analysis, ...
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Analyzing the evolution of the family institution and understanding how to build emotional relationships in married life has been one of the main concerns of modern social theory. Accordingly, the present article, using a qualitative study and adopting a phenomenological approach and using thematic analysis, seeks to answer the question of how couples experience fidelity and what semantic classifications the concept of fidelity has in the contemporary life of Tehrani citizens. The data collection tool was in-depth and semi-structured interview. The sample size included 31 interviews with women and men who were married for more than one year. The sampling method was based on the purposive sampling strategy and each interview lasted between 50 to 90 minutes. The findings of the research show that there are 3 distinct views on fidelity in married life: The first view of which is that fidelity is long-term and inviolable. Another view considers fidelity as fluid and changeable. And finally, a view that considers fidelity as a restorative and renewing issue that is read and invented within married life.
saeed zakai
Volume 9, Issue 17 , May 2002, , Pages 41-69
Abstract
Research tools are not neutral. They are based on a theory, a philosophical anthropology, and a conception of social order. The research methods adopted represent the nature of research subject. Theory and method are inseparable. Qualitative approach to social research implies that what appears to be ...
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Research tools are not neutral. They are based on a theory, a philosophical anthropology, and a conception of social order. The research methods adopted represent the nature of research subject. Theory and method are inseparable. Qualitative approach to social research implies that what appears to be external and objective, is in fact socially constructed. Rather than considering objective social structures as the standard basis for social interpretation, a qualitative approach emphasizes the role played by human action. Grounded theory as a kind of qualitative research aims for discovering theory from empirical data and is based on empirical induction. The main elements of grounded theory in elude concepts, categories, and statements. Theoretical sampling and category comparison are the methodological bases on which grounded theory is established. The oretical sampling allows researcher to simultaneously collect, code and analyze his/her data. This all, while demanding researchers' self-consciousness and self• criticism, provides qualitative research with more flexibility in adopting new ideas and in the research process per se.
morteza farhadi
Volume 13, Issue 34.35 , November 2006, , Pages 41-96
Abstract
Vulgar botany, a branch of ethnography of traditional sciences and technology, is a sub-division 01 ethnography. A combination of anthropology and botany, considered as enthnobotany or 'anthropology of botany" has been gaining importance in recent decades. This paper starts with theories of scholars ...
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Vulgar botany, a branch of ethnography of traditional sciences and technology, is a sub-division 01 ethnography. A combination of anthropology and botany, considered as enthnobotany or 'anthropology of botany" has been gaining importance in recent decades. This paper starts with theories of scholars and anthropologists, about the importance of this field in international level, and then focuses on the researches conducted in Iran in this area. In Iran studying plants from ethnographical approach, and of course from anthropological approach, is very new. On the other hand, this knowledge increasingly is being elapsed. The author, during his three to four decades of anthropological researches, interviews and memoirs in central province of Iran, has noticed the decline and elapse of such knowledge from the minds and conversations of people. which reveals the urgency of paying special attention to the field. This elapsing is seen in various grounds, from knowledge about plants, differentiating plants, and names of plants, to their uses and methods of their utilization. Moreover, in this paper the usefulness of collaboration among anthropologists, botanists, and linguists is discussed. After discussing some general points, the paper briefly explains ethno botany of wild plants of Kamareh.
jafar hezar jaribi; REZA safari shali
Volume 16, Issue 46 , November 2009, , Pages 41-74
Abstract
The present paper investigates factors contributing to committing crimes among prisoners'. To fulfill the aims of the research, survey and documentary methods were used. From a methodological perspective, the present paper is ascribed to the causal co-relational category. Target population of the research ...
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The present paper investigates factors contributing to committing crimes among prisoners'. To fulfill the aims of the research, survey and documentary methods were used. From a methodological perspective, the present paper is ascribed to the causal co-relational category. Target population of the research includes prisoners of Markazi province prisons (sample size: 264). According to the results of regression analysis, the following l O variables have impact on prisoners' social deviance: " the level of perverseness in family (0.29), sense of belonging to family (-0.28), unsuitable social environment (0.26), low age at first entrance into jail (0.25), religious commitment (-0.18), unemployment (0.17), peer groups (0.10), life satisfaction (-0.10), emotional needs fulfillment in family (-0.10) and sense of deprivation (0.09) with specified regression coefficients. As the coefficients show, variables of "sense of belonging to family, religious commitment, emotional needs fulfillment, and life satisfaction" have a decreasing effect on social deviation and the rest of the variables (which have positive coefficients) have an increasing effect on social deviance. In sum, in order to have a safe society one should pay attention to different factors, among which are decreasing the level of deviance and increasing the sense of security among citizens. Different contexts of development (social, political, cultural and economic) are required for a safe society. Therefore there is no doubt in the necessity of recognition and decreasing the pathologies and the need for establishing a safe society .
Women Studies
Najmeh Goodarzi; Fatemeh Ghasempoor; Mahdi Etemadifard
Abstract
College years are a golden time in any person’s life, and campus life is an important stage in the road to obtaining a university degree. Greater Tehran is home to most prestigious universities and colleges in the country, so there is fierce competition to get accepted in these universities. ...
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College years are a golden time in any person’s life, and campus life is an important stage in the road to obtaining a university degree. Greater Tehran is home to most prestigious universities and colleges in the country, so there is fierce competition to get accepted in these universities. If someone is admitted to a Tehran-based university, they practically begin a new chapter in their campus life. The present research delves deep into the challenges and difficulties of the campus life among female students of a number of Tehran’s universities. An attempt has been made to give some insight into the somewhat vague concept of female students living on the campus. Campuses set strict rules for daily life of female students, directly wielded by policy-making bodies in higher echelons in university administration. An in-depth qualitative content analysis of data collected by a semi-structured questionnaire filled in by 12 female students aged 21-41 attempted to make an understanding of the challenges of living on the campus. The analysis provided 10 main categories of difficulties. Decline of privacy, paucity of leisure time, non-existence of free will, re-imposition of stereotype gender roles, and law as the master signifier stand out among other categories.
Mohammad Rasouli; Nematollah Fazeli
Abstract
In the present paper, the transformations in Iranians’ memory (with an emphasis on their religiosity) is explained and the role of power relations is analyzed. For this purpose, three types of memory technologies (oral, literacy (print) and digital (electronic)) and their impacts on the formation ...
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In the present paper, the transformations in Iranians’ memory (with an emphasis on their religiosity) is explained and the role of power relations is analyzed. For this purpose, three types of memory technologies (oral, literacy (print) and digital (electronic)) and their impacts on the formation of memory ecologies in different periods (pre-modern, modern, and the present) will be discussed. Then, the role of power relations in the production, accumulation, and transition of Iranian religious memory (or religious information, knowledge and rituals) is analyzed, based on the approach and method of "cultural analysis". It will be shown that with the transition to the modern era, the power of agency and role of Iranians in their religious memory shifted from the public toward the benefits of the intellectuals and the state. In fact, the argument is that in the modern era, the power of Iranians' memory production and reproduction in terms of redefining the position of religion declined, and instead the role of modern structures (such as literacy)— through the production of intellectuals’ meta-memories as well as the state—increased. However, as will be mentioned, with the advent of digital (or electronic) memory technologies in the production, accumulation, and transition of religious knowledge as well as memory, the Iranians’ memory ecology has been transformed once again, and thereby, the (religious) meta-memories are being replaced by the plural memories and the role of Iranian public agency in their religious memory is being restored.
Mohammad Ali Fateminia; Sattar Parvin; Ali Asghar Darvishifard
Abstract
Gambling is one of the activities that has long been a means of human entertainment and has more or less appeared in all cultures. In general, gambling theories can be divided into two categories. One theory tries to understand the gambling process and the other is to see gambling as a social harm and ...
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Gambling is one of the activities that has long been a means of human entertainment and has more or less appeared in all cultures. In general, gambling theories can be divided into two categories. One theory tries to understand the gambling process and the other is to see gambling as a social harm and tries to identify issues related to it. This article analyzes the issue of gambling and its related social harms. The method research is qualitative (ethnography) and data were collected by interview technique. The participants included all gamblers in Harandi neighborhood in Tehran 12th district. The sample size was 30 people. Findings show that in terms of typology, gambling in Harandi neighborhood can be divided into two categories: street gambling and organized gambling. In addition, according to research findings, gambling is associated with issues such as addiction, drug trafficking, violence, family breakdown, job loss, theft, social exclusion and homelessness. Therefore, gambling should not be considered as a single social harm, but should be considered a social issue, the consequences of which are not only at the individual and family level, but also at the local social level.
Jafar Hezarjaribi; Asadollah Mehri
mohammadreza rasuli
Volume 10, Issue 23 , November 2003, , Pages 43-93
Abstract
This study has been conducted as to locate the life style indicators in the Iranian television advertisements. To achieve this, efforts have been made to first, present a comprehensive picture 'of qualitative and quantitative characteristics of commercial advertisements and second study the life styles ...
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This study has been conducted as to locate the life style indicators in the Iranian television advertisements. To achieve this, efforts have been made to first, present a comprehensive picture 'of qualitative and quantitative characteristics of commercial advertisements and second study the life styles as addressed in such advertisements. Using the content analysis method, this study examined some 370 sample advertisements of the 1999-to-2001 period with each advertisement being considered as one research unit. The results gained show that among the three styles of research , the modem style of life in front of the traditional life style has the most indicators as well as enjoying the most airing time in the television advertisements. Meanwhile, as far as life styles based on the social classes are concerned, the life style of high and middle classes cases outnumbers the lower class. On the other hand, the life style on the basis of goods consumption, the prestigious goods consuming style has heen proved u» be given priority comparing to that of culture-oriented goods consumption.
mehdi mohsenian raad
Volume 11, Issue 25 , May 2004, , Pages 43-75
Abstract
The relationship between access to mass media and the societal development has been discussed in communication science literature since the 1950s. In 1958, Daniel Lerner proposed a linear cause-and-effect relationship between the mass media and societal development. Through the years the subject has ...
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The relationship between access to mass media and the societal development has been discussed in communication science literature since the 1950s. In 1958, Daniel Lerner proposed a linear cause-and-effect relationship between the mass media and societal development. Through the years the subject has stimulated intense discussion among communication researchers, especially in developing countries. In one of our previous studies, the Iranian media was studied for the period 1956-1991 and it was observed that the correlation coefficient among the elements ofLerner s discussion was more than 0.9. However, we argued that the observed correlations were not representative of a cause and effect relationship. To derive such a relation, the effect of inequality in the amount of media access and also the difference in the media content should be considered. To have a comparative media access criterion we first introduce thث Media Access Index (MAl) and its computation method. It is shown that the MAI has a high correlation coefficient (more than 0.9) with the well-known United Nations (UN) Human Development Index (HDI) in more than 167 countries. Hence, it is a reliable index to use in performing adaptive studies. Another index which has been used is the Digital Access Index (DAI) which has been recently developed by the International Telecommunication Association. In this paper, the MAI and the DAI indexes among different categorized countries are compared. The categories are based on the major religious group in each country (as representative of the religion in that country) not the geographical position of the country. However the paper is mainly concentrated on the countries with Muslim population. The comparative study shows that there is a deep inequality among different categories. Finally, based on the regression equations, the normality or abnormality of the amount of media access among the different categories is investigated.
