yar mohammad ghasemi; eshagh gheysarian
Volume 15, Issue 40 , March 2008, , Pages 27-51
Abstract
The present study aims at examining factors affecting child mortality in Ilam province of Iran. Regarding the issue, the study considers relationships between social exclusion and population indicators and child mortality. The method of research is Suruey and the subjects include all married women ranged ...
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The present study aims at examining factors affecting child mortality in Ilam province of Iran. Regarding the issue, the study considers relationships between social exclusion and population indicators and child mortality. The method of research is Suruey and the subjects include all married women ranged 15 to 49 who at least managed to give birth to a healthy baby. Theories of social exclusion and child mortality are used as the theoncal basis of the study. Based on the data obtained, the average size of the families was 4.9; the mean time interred between the births was 42 months; the mean for the children ever born was 3.05 and the mean for the children surviving was 2.5. multi variable logistic regression analysis for the whole province, the indicators of population, social exclusion and the type of marriage had significant impact on mortality rate. in the cities, however, socil exclusion, the type of marriage, and the awareness about child-care had significant impact. Finally, in rural areas, the indicators of population, social exclusion, nutration, and the type of marriag remained in the model.
ali janadleh
Abstract
Institutional Relations between State and Society in Pre-Modernized Iran (Criticizing the Theory of Historical Gap Between the State and the Nation in Iran and Providing an Alternative View) Ali janadleh[1] Received: 5/6/2016 Accepted: 10/10/2016 Abstract In most ...
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Institutional Relations between State and Society in Pre-Modernized Iran (Criticizing the Theory of Historical Gap Between the State and the Nation in Iran and Providing an Alternative View) Ali janadleh[1] Received: 5/6/2016 Accepted: 10/10/2016 Abstract In most socio-historical studies, the gap between the state and the nation has been introduced as a historical and inherent feature of the traditional Iranian society. This means that the state's lack of external legitimacy, as well as the lack of procedures that determine the rights and duties of the state and society, have led to the alienation of social forces and the state of each other, and the historical gap between state and society. Hence the only relationship between these two was the exercise of unilateral domination by the state over society and obedience and subordination of society to the state. Referring to the historical institutionalism approach and using Reactive sequences analysis, this article provides an alternative narrative of the relation between state and nation. In this narrative, on the contrary, to the theory of the historical gap between the state and the nation, the mutual needs of the state and social forces led to a specific institutional configuration in the Iranian society, that was based on a complex network of interactions between the four main institutions of central government, the clergy, tribes and the market, resulting in relatively stable institutional balance between these institutions. This institutional configuration was rooted in a series of Reactive sequences, which brought about the formation of the Safavid government based on numerous tribal and ideological foundations. [1].Asistant Professor of women Studies, Allameh Tabataba'i University. a.janadleh@gmail.com
Sociology
Masoud Chari sadegh; Ahmadreza Asgharpourmasouleh; Gholamreza Sedigh Ouraee; Mehdi Kermani; Mahdi Feizi
Abstract
This study explores the action, conditions governing the action, practical factors, and strategic approaches of the builders in the housing market. It is an exploratory, qualitative, applied, and cross-sectional research. Accordingly, a systematic analysis of the in-depth interview with 25 people in ...
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This study explores the action, conditions governing the action, practical factors, and strategic approaches of the builders in the housing market. It is an exploratory, qualitative, applied, and cross-sectional research. Accordingly, a systematic analysis of the in-depth interview with 25 people in the housing market in Mashhad was conducted using the Strauss and Corbin's ground theory method. As a result, 256 sub-categories were obtained, and after several coding steps, finally, based on selective coding, the central phenomenon was called "technocratic builders in the struggle for interest and credit". The obtained paradigmatic model included a set of conditions. For example, ground conditions have been formulated as "the economic situation of the metropolitan of Mashhad" and "socio-cultural changes in the pattern of urban housing". Interventional conditions include "decline expertise of housing construction", and "the evolution of the share of land value in housing prices". Causal conditions include "the ability to manage multiple activities", "having the necessary capital or the possibility to absorb it" and "awareness of market conditions". Taking strategies such as "participatory construction", "continuous construction" and "change in construction pattern" lead to the consequences like the "periodic ups and downs at the level of builder performance", "involving with the challenge of balancing profit and loss".
kaeem badie
Volume 2, Issue 3.4 , May 1993, , Pages 29-55
Ardeshir Entezari; Fatemeh Derakhshan
Abstract
According to the prevailing approach to development, the path of growth, at various micro and macro levels, is through production and focus on high value-added industries such as cultural industries.Planning and management in the process of production,distribution and consumption of cultural products ...
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According to the prevailing approach to development, the path of growth, at various micro and macro levels, is through production and focus on high value-added industries such as cultural industries.Planning and management in the process of production,distribution and consumption of cultural products is one of the most well-known and important tasks of governments in the world, which is considered as the main axis in the development of Economics of culture(DOEC).Government role-playing in EC needs characteristics to facilitate the development process. One of the most important of these indicators, which is based on the existence of institutional infrastructure, is the combined indicators of good governance(GG).The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between GG indicators and the DOEC of countries.Using the method of comparative-quantitative analysis among 20 developed and developed countries in EC and Iran, the DOEC and GG has been studied. The results show that Iran's DOEC and GG indicators are far from developed and developed countries and this indicates the underdevelopment of Iran's EC. Also, the results of correlation analysis and multiple regression show that there is a direct relationship between the index of GG and the DOEC of these countries with an acceptable intensity(R2 = 0.50).
mohamad abdollahi
Volume 14, Issue 38.39 , February 2008, , Pages 30-57
Abstract
Social capital is a complex and muhi-dimensional construction or concept. It has different types. levels, objective and subjective aspects. causes and consequences. characteristics which have not been made explicit theoretically and empirically. The classical social thinkers only considered the content ...
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Social capital is a complex and muhi-dimensional construction or concept. It has different types. levels, objective and subjective aspects. causes and consequences. characteristics which have not been made explicit theoretically and empirically. The classical social thinkers only considered the content of social capital. Among the contemporary social scientists such as Parsons. Habennas, Giddens. and Castells, some of the components and indices of social capital are dealt with. and yet among some others such as Bourdieu, Putnam. Fokuyama, the exact concept of social capital has been discussed explicitly. The latter group has developed the theoretical dimension of social capital. The empirical dimension of social capital has been considered by the states, international organizations. and social researchers. But in spite of considerable theoretical and empirical works published. there remain rnany theoretical and methodological problerns such as reductionist dualism, weak distinction between causes and consequences. and lack of theoretical integration of the empirical works. This article considers characteristics of social capital. A multi-dimensional scale has been developed its measurement. and an integrated theoretical model is offered for its analysis. All these as solution have been used 10 distinguish the types, levels, dimensions. and consequences and to define the main causes through multi-variant analysis. The results are presented as an applicable example for the measurement and analysis of social capital in Iran.
SeyedKamaleddin Moosavi; Sakineh Heidarpoor
fariborz dortaj
Abstract
In order to investigate the causes of drug abusing and dependence on it among war injured, the Sample of 380 war injured with various kinds of injuries and levels were selected by random stratified method and asked via the questionnaire which contained 39 questions. This questioner evaluated 5 areas ...
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In order to investigate the causes of drug abusing and dependence on it among war injured, the Sample of 380 war injured with various kinds of injuries and levels were selected by random stratified method and asked via the questionnaire which contained 39 questions. This questioner evaluated 5 areas of individual, social, economic, educational-cultural, Familial and legal causes. To assess the causes, chi-square test and sign test were used. Findings show that individual, economic and educational-cultural causes in comparison with social, familial and legal facts have more vital roles in misusing and dependence on drugs among war injured. Moreover, results emphasize on preventive measures in order to avoid further misusing and dependence on drugs among war injured.
Sociology
mohsen niazi; hadi afra
Abstract
Affected by the spread of modernism and reconstruction in the global field, and subsequently with the self-awareness resulting from the conditions and features of life in the modern world, a major part of our society is traditional, while part of it is modern and another part postmodern. Such a situation ...
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Affected by the spread of modernism and reconstruction in the global field, and subsequently with the self-awareness resulting from the conditions and features of life in the modern world, a major part of our society is traditional, while part of it is modern and another part postmodern. Such a situation is a cause for identity crisis, hence, the rising importance of identity and identity formation in sociology. Therefore, with the aim of the semantic reconstruction of the structure of the postmodern individual identity among the youth of the city of Bojnourd, the present study has employed a grounded theory method. The qualitative data were collected through in-depth interviews, and theoretical coding was used in order to analyze the information and develop a final theory. Through purposive sampling and also based on the theoretical saturation measure, 27 young people participated in this study, and the information was gathered through in-depth interviews and their understanding with regards to the postmodern individual identity was analyzed. Based on grounded theory, the findings are classified into ten general categories of consumerism, relativism, fluidity, reflective thinking, reference group, belief in the expressive self, selective identity, mass media, satisfaction, and lifestyle. The core category in this study is “the postmodern individual identity” which includes in itself the other main categories. The developed grounded theory has been presented in the form of a paradigm.
Aboutorab Talebi; Morteza Rostami Ghezeldaragh
Seyed Mohammad Mahdizadeh; Abdolrahman Alizadeh
abolfazl ashrafi
Volume 7, Issue 11.12 , March 2001, , Pages 33-61
Abstract
"Social Identity" in the present study refers to an individual's conception, understanding, and evaluation of himself or herself in the eyes of others. or of the society. Whenever such a conception, understanding, or evaluation is positive, to the extent that an individual enjoys a stance, value, and ...
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"Social Identity" in the present study refers to an individual's conception, understanding, and evaluation of himself or herself in the eyes of others. or of the society. Whenever such a conception, understanding, or evaluation is positive, to the extent that an individual enjoys a stance, value, and respect among others, he/she will gain a positive sense of his/her social identity; otherwise, he/she will adopt a sense of social estrangement. The institutions of family, school, mass media.specially television and cinema, the government as well as peer groups contribute to the formation of social identity. Whenever such institutions provide a sense of social identity for individuals (specially adolescents), this sense will prevent their social deviances. The study was carried out among two adolescent groups (male & female): our hypothesis was:the lower the sense of social identity among adolescents, the greater the degree of their identification with the Western patterns of RAP and Heavy Metal. The result indicatea that social identity was effective in prevention of social deviances.
hadi khaniki; Habib rasi
Abstract
Designing Health messages is an interdisciplinary issue which stems from health communication area. What actually follows in this article is a review of TV health messages Framing effects from the audiences’ point of view. The Important question of the research is that how media products and its ...
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Designing Health messages is an interdisciplinary issue which stems from health communication area. What actually follows in this article is a review of TV health messages Framing effects from the audiences’ point of view. The Important question of the research is that how media products and its health related programs and messages lead in behavior changes in individuals and groups? In this study, health messages refer to direct or indirect messages (in the forms of movies, TV series and other shows) which discuss people’s personal and social health, including healthy lifestyles, preventions and disease treatments. Various Types of Health Messages include framing health messages, loss and gain framed health messages and one-way & two-sided messages. To measure attitudes of Tehran’s above15-years old inhabitants toward health messages and TV health related programs, the survey method of research has been chosen and after designing the questionnaire, distributing them among the 600 inhabitants of Tehran, the gathered data were processed by computer statistic software (SPSS). The most important result of this research is that documentary programs & visual reports about health issues, have the strong role in attracting the audience’s attentions. Also, the resource which gains the greatest rate is professionals, experts & experienced professors. From these two results, it could be concluded that from Audiences’ point of view the best pattern for presenting health messages on TV is documentary programs & visual reports by presence of professionals, experts & experienced professors.
Mohammad Zahedi Asl; Azam Pilevari
Abstract
The current study aims to recognize the cognitive processes of ex-addicts and their families with the method of grounded theory. The participants were chosen based on a purposeful sampling method, and sampling continued until the saturation point of data was reached. Hence, 18 ex-addicts and 20 ...
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The current study aims to recognize the cognitive processes of ex-addicts and their families with the method of grounded theory. The participants were chosen based on a purposeful sampling method, and sampling continued until the saturation point of data was reached. Hence, 18 ex-addicts and 20 family members took part in this research. Data were collected through observation, semi-structured interviews and reviewing documents, and the Corbin and Strauss coding system was used to analyze the data. The participants believed that addiction is treatable, that each person is responsible for their own behavior, and that they cannot change other people. They also believed the substance user to be responsible for his or her own addiction and treatment, they were focused on the present, and they believed the negative behaviors and previous relapses of the ex-addict to be rooted in his or her dependence to substances. Moreover, this group thought that if a substance user is treated with the Congress 60 method, an 11-month period of medication treatment, he or she will not be tempted to use again. They also claimed that after the treatment period, interacting with friends who are using substances would not pose problems.
Yaser Rastegar; Sima Hadi
Abstract
In multicultural societies, identity conflicts, especially indigenous/non-indigenous dualities, create an identifying source, and lead to identity challenges and conflicts. The purpose of the present study was to describe the perception and interpretation of the indigenous inhabitants of Bandar Abbas ...
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In multicultural societies, identity conflicts, especially indigenous/non-indigenous dualities, create an identifying source, and lead to identity challenges and conflicts. The purpose of the present study was to describe the perception and interpretation of the indigenous inhabitants of Bandar Abbas of the duality of indigenous identity and non-indigenous identity and to reveal its contexts and implications. The present study was conducted using qualitative research method and grounded theory strategy. Field data were obtained using purposive-theoretical sampling and interviews with 23 indigenous residents who have lived in the city for at least three generations and were finally analyzed based on three-step coding by Strauss and Corbin. Field findings indicate that the perception of indigenous residents of Bandar Abbas of non-indigenous residents is not inherent, but is based on the lived experience of actors and their social interactions. Participants gain an indigenous identity through their presence and life in their ancestral homeland, but interpret the non-native as a problematic other, because they see their economic interests as well as cultural values as somewhat lost. The consequence of this perception is the strengthening of cohesion within group against out group and the increase of ethnocentrism.
mohamad zahediasl
Seyed Salar Kashani; Hossein Parviz Ejlali
Mohammadhossein Panahi; Somayeh Sadat Bani Fatemeh
Abstract
While the importance of social and political participation of women in the third World countries is increasing continuously, both for development of these societies and for self-realization of women themselves, it is becoming an essential issue for study. In this paper, we focus on the impact of women's ...
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While the importance of social and political participation of women in the third World countries is increasing continuously, both for development of these societies and for self-realization of women themselves, it is becoming an essential issue for study. In this paper, we focus on the impact of women's political culture on their political participation. Referring Inglehart's theory and other theories related to the impact of political culture on political participation, we advanced our hypotheses. Through a survey, our data were collected and analyzed. The population of the research was women aged 20 and more from the Iranian city of Yazd, from which a random sample of 385 people were selected. The findings indicate that the women's political culture effects on their political participation. Moreover, all of the dimensions of political culture, including the women's attitudes towards the political system and the ruling elite, their political knowledge, attitudes towards their own political capacity, and normatively taking women's political participation, had meaningful positive correlation with their political participation.
mahmud ketabi; vahid ghasemi
Volume 9, Issue 19 , November 2002, , Pages 35-56
Abstract
This article intends to analyze women's political participation in municipal centers in Isfahan Province. In the article, one of the basic propositions of the exchange theory regarding the women political participation is examined. According to this proposition, the more valuable a reward is for a deed, ...
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This article intends to analyze women's political participation in municipal centers in Isfahan Province. In the article, one of the basic propositions of the exchange theory regarding the women political participation is examined. According to this proposition, the more valuable a reward is for a deed, the more probably the deed will be carried out. The method for this research was surveying. Statistical population was all of the 20-39 years-old-women residing at municipal centers in Isfahan province. 1903 women were chosen using quota sampling method. The instrument for gathering the data was questionnaire through interview. Conclusions show that the level of women's political participation in the society is relatively low. The average on the negative I positive value spectrum is located on the negative side, implying high expenses and low rewards for political participation of women under consideration. The regression coefficient shows the significant effect of the women's evaluation from negative / positive values of political participation on their level of participation. About 9% of the variance of the women's political participation level in the sample was explained by the independent variable.
mehdi karubi
Volume 9, Issue 20 , February 2003, , Pages 35-58
Abstract
Non-verbal communication includes all of the messages that people wil use in addition to the words. With using verbal and non-verbal communication correctly in knowledge, actions, and business we can improve our way of life. There is no language and culture that dosen't use non-verbal communication. ...
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Non-verbal communication includes all of the messages that people wil use in addition to the words. With using verbal and non-verbal communication correctly in knowledge, actions, and business we can improve our way of life. There is no language and culture that dosen't use non-verbal communication. People can communicate without using a single word. in order to express their trud feelings. It is obvious that tourism is the only industy that uses non-verbal communication in extreme. Scholars, specially, Bear Dovisal who studied this issue more than others estimate that least 65% of the communication are done facially and physically. Consequence and results of the research in some of the colleges and universities of trade and management in foreign countries show that the main problem of the graduates is difficulty in communication and publication. This problem has not received enough at them in Iran, particularly in tourism. The specialists and service providers have difficulty with this issue too. Specially when they face people of other cultures. Then the type of cultures teaches us how to communicate. Consequently, training in verbal and non-verbal communication is very necessary in tourism industry. Among the ways of non-verbal communication, face, hands, type of voice (high, low, strength ... ) attraction, physical appearance and space between
ali rabani; mohamad gangi
Volume 15, Issue 41 , August 2008, , Pages 35-65
Abstract
Social capital, along with of economic and human capital, is an effective variable in development. According to many theorists, social capital, pointing to the relationships and network of connections among people. helps analysis of many quastions, including: why some people, groups and social classes, ...
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Social capital, along with of economic and human capital, is an effective variable in development. According to many theorists, social capital, pointing to the relationships and network of connections among people. helps analysis of many quastions, including: why some people, groups and social classes, achieve higher. political, economic and social development than otheres. It seems that in studying social capital, special attention is given to religion. In fact Religion is a fundamental factors in formation of social capital in a country like Iran. Therforc, the relation between religion and social capital should be studied seviously. This research studied the relationship between religion and social capital in Isfahan University, and found direct and strong relations between the two variables.
Cultural Studies
Zekrollah Mohammadi; Mohsen Parvish
Abstract
The Iranian identity has been the focus of historians and writers throughout Iran's history as a considerably important topic. The Iranian identity means an emotional attachment and commitment to Iran’s cultural heritage, political heritage, and common ancestry. In the present study, it is attempted ...
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The Iranian identity has been the focus of historians and writers throughout Iran's history as a considerably important topic. The Iranian identity means an emotional attachment and commitment to Iran’s cultural heritage, political heritage, and common ancestry. In the present study, it is attempted to study and investigate the Iranian identity based on the aforementioned definition in the ideas and thoughts of Abū ʿAlī Miskawayh in his historiography. The way he adopts his historiography has greatly influenced the development of the horizons of Iranian historiography. Thus, by studying and exploring Masqawi's works one can identify concepts about Iran, Iranian thought, appropriate models of the political system, etc. The present paper, using a descriptive-analytic method, seeks to answer the question: what are the ideas of Iranian identity in the writings of Miskawayh? The results of the research show that in Miskawayh’s thoughts, history and historical past have played the most important role in the revival and reconstruction of the Iranian identity in the Islamic era. By highlighting the Iranian identity, Miskawayh aims to use the institution of Iranian monarchy instead of the caliphate. Indeed, this would give credence to both the Buyid dynasty and the political unity of Iran.
Abstract
Research available with regard to the politicization of history and cultural markers of identity and its expression in the Kurdish areas to the demands DrvnMayhY ethnic nationalism, ethnic nationalism and created the GvnhHa MyPrdazd in the Kurdish areas. Based on the results obtained from ...
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Research available with regard to the politicization of history and cultural markers of identity and its expression in the Kurdish areas to the demands DrvnMayhY ethnic nationalism, ethnic nationalism and created the GvnhHa MyPrdazd in the Kurdish areas. Based on the results obtained from analysis of views and review of empirical and conceptual framework set up in the main FrzyhHay raised. Descriptive results show the existence of ethnic nationalism species autonomous and separatist Kurdish areas there. Geographically, the highest and PayynTryn the ethnic nationalism of the West Azerbaijan province of Ilam, respectively. On the basis of the results of explanatory variables such as level of, the inter-ethnic and inter-ethnic communication, the use of the media: ( civil / ethnic), the feeling of exclusion and discrimination in the Kurdish region have a significant positive relationship with ethnic nationalism and ethnic nationalism Kurds account for 57 percent NmvdhAnd changes. Adjusted points of divergence, conflict in the areas of cultural, economic, social, political, ethnic Kurdish areas in order to manage non-essential Myzmnazat looks. Research available with regard to the politicization of history and cultural markers of identity and its expression in the Kurdish areas to the demands DrvnMayhY ethnic nationalism, ethnic nationalism and created the GvnhHa MyPrdazd in the Kurdish areas. Based on the results obtained from analysis of views and review of empirical and conceptual framework set up in the main FrzyhHay raised. Keywords: ethnic nationalism, separatism and nationalism, perceived discrimination, level of development of ethnic areas, the Kurdish regions
alireza keledi; homeyra raeesi
Volume 10, Issue 24 , February 2004, , Pages 37-60
Abstract
Present research was conducted with the objective of the appraisal of ethical growth in persecutive and unpersecutive youth students in shahrekord. The sample of this research was obtained by sampling among the students in guidance and high school. The Data was collected by questionnaire. Eight groups ...
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Present research was conducted with the objective of the appraisal of ethical growth in persecutive and unpersecutive youth students in shahrekord. The sample of this research was obtained by sampling among the students in guidance and high school. The Data was collected by questionnaire. Eight groups were selected: 15 students contained 13 years old persecuted girls, 13 years old unpersecuted girls, 13 years old unpersecuted boys, 13 years old persecuted boys, 16 years old persecuted girls, 16 years old unpersecuted girls, 16 years old persecuted boys, 16 years old unpersecuted boys. The data was analyzed in descriptive and inferential way. The obtained results from the ethical growth in persecuted and 13 years old unpersecuted youth showed both groups from the ethical growth point of view had not meaningful differences and both put on third stage of the ethical growth of Kohlberg, but persecuted and unpersecuted 16 years old youth showed meaningful difference at the level of ethical growth unpersecuted youth were at the fourth and persecuted youth were at the third step of Kohlberg ethical growth.It was not observed meaningful difference between 13 and 16 years old persecuted youth from the ethical growth point of view, and both were at the third stage of Kohlberg ethical growth step, but 13 and 16 years old unpersecuted youth had meaningful difference at the level of ethical growth. Thus 13 years old were at the third and 16 years old youth had meaningful difference at the level of ethical growth. Thus 13 years old were at the third and 16 years old were at the fourth step of Kohlberg ethical growth steps. It was defined in the appraisal of parent characteristics in persecuted and unpersecuted youth that there were differences in the father's age, education, occupation, and family financial conditions. In the appraisal of research questions, there were no difference between both girls and boys at the amount of persecuting, although boys obtained high scores in the scale of physical disturbing and also this rate was reported more in 16 years old youth than early 13 years old youth.
mohammad hoseyn panahi
Volume 13, Issue 36 , February 2007, , Pages 37-75
Abstract
The aim of this article was to investigate the question that: "Has the occurrence and related studies of the lslarnic Revolution of Iran affected developments in the theories of revolutionary process?" To answer 1his question, the autor has utilized Thomas Kuhn and Robert Merton's theories about scientific ...
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The aim of this article was to investigate the question that: "Has the occurrence and related studies of the lslarnic Revolution of Iran affected developments in the theories of revolutionary process?" To answer 1his question, the autor has utilized Thomas Kuhn and Robert Merton's theories about scientific change and development, and has hypothesized that "the studies of the Islamic Revolution have revealed anomalies in the existing theories explaining revolutinary process. causing significant developments such theories". The probe this hypothesis. revolutionary process was analyzed into five aspects of: conditions leading to revolutionary movement. the role of ideology and culture in the process, mobilization and mass participation, the role or organization and leadership, and the role of violence in the movement. Content analysis of 57 articles published in scicnnfic journals found in JSTOR from 1980 to 200-1-, confirmed all five sub-hypotheses ending in the conclusion that the occurrence and studies of the Islamic Revolution of Iran has contributed to significant new devclopmems in the theories of revolutionary process.
