Social Sciences

Abstract Trend of social change in Iran shows acceleration of worriness. We as sociologists have the habit to worry about social problems, but this time worriness is concerned as a problem. The main stages of life in contemporary Iran are increasingly going to be a worried situation. University entrance exams, finding jobs, marriage, house buying; fertility, health, retirement and also death ceremony in Iranian contemporary are accompanied by worriness. This problem damages psychological security and also personal and collective ethics. This article focuses on Barbalet, Beck, Giddens and Bauman theories. The method of this article is secondary analysis. It seems that institutional instability in Iran, changes life to unpredictable and worried affairs.  This paper reviews some index of crucial social institutions like family, economy, and bureaucracy to show that how these institutions made Iranian life world unpredictable and create epistemological insecurity. The lack of efficient welfare organization has led to an increase in this situation.

Abstract The main aim of the present article is to introduce and sociological analyze  of the aspects, components, functions and barriers of the Iranian public sphere. The theoretical framework of the paper is based on the theories of Aristotle, John Rawls, Charles Taylor, Hannah Arendt, Ulrich Rödle, Günter Frankenberg, Helmut Dubiel, Andrew Areto and John Cohen about the public sphere. Referring to contemporary historical studies and experimental data and statics, this article is written via library study. Results of this study show that there is public sphere in Iran and it makes from public places, real social spaces (domestic and foreign mass media and broadcasting), metaphorical spaces (internet and social networks), non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and social movements. Iranian public sphere has some weaknesses and limitations such as  it is controlled by the government, it isn`t open for all social classes and different social groups, particularly women as fairly and equally, all the subjects aren`t designed, it`s so much monopoly and ideological. It doesn`t represent the Interests and the demands of a multicultural society of Iran and doesn't reflect the voice of the people to the government and parliament. Despite the problems, the Iranian public sphere grows day by day and becomes more pluralistic and stronger. It grows in the qualitative and quantitative aspects and increases its role and importance for policy .

Abstract Seyed Ali Akbar Afjahi[1]
Ardeshir Entezari[2]
Najmeh Sadat Mortaji [3]
Received: 28/6/2015
Accepted: 14/3/2016
 
Abstract
Social networking and partnership concepts are extremely common in the modern world, especially among academics. The significance of knowledge sharing is that; it results in learning. In this regard, the role of learning as the potential for sustainable development of human society in the era of digital technology is concerned. The purpose of this study is to identify factors influencing students’ knowledge sharing behavior in the Social Network of a university. Therefore this is a descriptive-exploratory study, in order to identify variables that affect students’ knowledge sharing behavior in cyberspace. The study has been conducted via both web-based and email-based questionnaires. Electronic questionnaires distributed during a period of three months, and in two rounds. Furthermore, based on random sampling, data of 203 questionnaires obtained and subsequently KMO index was used to check the adequacy of the sample size. Using the LISREL software, at the



[1]. Professor of Business Management, Allameh Tabataba’i University,  
    Afjahi@atu.ac.ir


[2]. Associate Professor of Sociology, Allameh Tabataba'i University.
    ali@entezari.ir


[3]. PhD Student of Business Management at Allameh Tabataba’i University.gathered data is analyzed. The findings of this study show that
social dimension, individual dimension and environmental dimension respectively have impact on student knowledge sharing in social network of Tehran University. Among these, communication factors from social dimension; attitude to share knowledge from individual dimension; and cultural (educational) factor from environmental dimension have shown the most significant impact on students’ knowledge sharing behavior in University Social Network respectively. Conclusions and directions for future research are also formulated
    (Corresponding Author).      n_mortaji@yahoo.com

Abstract the purpose of this study is to determine how attitude towards education and the decision to continue education can affect first fertility among women who are about to marry in Neishabur. This article is based on a scaling on 415 women of 10 to 39 who are about to marry. These women referred to the Main Clinic in Neishabur to give premarital tests in October and November 2013 for their first marriage. The tool used to gather information is a questionnaire. The dependant variable is the decision to postpone fertility since marriage, and the independent variables are the attitude towards education and continuing education, and the confounding variables are and some demographics variables.
Results: women's attitude towards education and their decision to continue education after getting married has high significance on the intention to postpone fertility since getting married to the first fertility. It can be considered in planning. Positive attitude towards education and the decision to continue education after getting married in spite of the low age of marriage in the case studied have a great impact on fertility behavior by postponing the first fertility. That is to say the interference in women's education and their fertility is usually responded by spacing between marriage and the first fertility. This response has a direct impact on the fertility amount and fertility behavior in the society studied. Therefore, population policies can be more effective by planning to adapt the motherhood role with continuing education after getting married.

Abstract Asia, especially the Middle East and Iran were the first worldwide manufacturer communities and accordingly has a productive culture and part of that, complicated working culture.
 
Despite consistently displaying such resurgence of the economic and social relations, an astonishing retrogression has been happened contemporary. Such retrogression has been formulated in the works of writers with different perspectives and various interpretations and representations. These works and considerations suggest the importance of the issue and need for the monitoring issue to understand the context of the situation.
 
 This article is based on qualitative research that using interviews with some of the professors of the social sciences to study the historical and social contexts of formation of the state of retrogression with emphasising on the element of "working and produce" . Qualitative analysis suggests that the formation of such a state of retrogression has inner and outer characteristics. Internal fields, including ecology, promoting the values of counterproductive and ultimately as the most basic internal fields are consumptive structures which providing software and hardware requirements of the act and conduct of the society. External fields which can be best encompassed under the category of dominance relations. It is an important factor that influences the inner fields, particularly the categories of consumptive structures and it has a unique role in the establishment of the state.
 

Abstract In recent decades, with an increasing number of consumer-oriented middle class households in developing countries, particularly in Asia and the increasing number of Asian firms which supply unnecessary and market-oriented goods, the concept of “New Asian Middle Class” has become the focus of attention instead of the concept of “Global Middle Class”, and a large body of research is done about this new Asian middle class. This article, by using documentary-library studies and reviewing the latest research works, is seeking to investigate the nature and various aspects of this process, and is trying to give a comprehensive and more complete picture of this subject. The article , first, studies the massive number of new Asian middle class households that have emerged as the result of economic and political reforms of the governments in Asia, and then, by assessing various criteria which have been used for measuring the new middle classes , proposes more accurate and more comprehensive criteria. Finally, the article examines the reactions of the members of this class to different issues ; reactions depending on socio-economic and socio-political backgrounds, and shows that to what extent assigning large missions on this new consumer middle classes, without considering the historical contexts and circumstances and the stages of economic growth of their countries , would be fragile.
Keywords: global middle class, the new Asian middle class, emerging economies, consumerism.

Abstract This study was a semi-experimental research for assessing effects of watching violent movies on physiological arousal and aggressive feelings of university students in Tehran. The method is "posttest-only control group" design, and was carried out on students of IRIB University. 60 students were selected by simple random sampling. The students (30 girls and 30 boys) of 18 to 25 years old were chosen and randomly were divided into two equal groups of control and test. 15 minute clip of violent movies was played for the test group and 15 minute clip of wildlife documentaries was played for the control group. During the watching of these clips, their heart rate (HR), heart rate variability (HRV), skin conductance (SC), muscle tension (MT), respiration rate (RR), and skin temperature (ST) were measured. At the end of watching, their aggressive feeling was evaluated with "state hostility scale" questionnaire.
The results showed that watching violent movies has a significant effect on increasing of skin conductance, muscle tension, respiration rate and aggressive
feelings of this group of students. But their heart rate, heart rate variability, and skin temperature did not change during the watching of violent movies.
 
 
 

Abstract Social Sciences-Journal of Social Sciences