Social Sciences

Abstract Recent records of the Institute of Scientific Information (ISi) show that Iranian scientific productions in humanities are poor. Also, Shanghai University in China released a list of 500 most productive and internationally credited universities of the world in 2003. There was no mention of any Iranian university in this list. Also, recent statistics show that even the number of Iranian articles in humanities disciplines have been lessened since 1979. All these evidences are based on Iranian recorded articles in the ISi. Regarding these facts, humanities disciplines in Iran are currently facing a big challenge. Due to this challenge, the question that I want to examine and focus on in this article is "can we assess the sate of scientific production in Iranian humanities disciplines based on that criterion, meaning the article published in international journals and recoded in the ISi?" I have discussed that examining this question is theoretically and practically significant to development of Iranian humanities because it is related to some policies that· are now going on in Iranian higher education system, and it is epistemologically relevant to the nature of theses disciplines in Iran. I have argued that although publication in international academic journals is important and can show part of a country's contribution to world scientific community, it is by no means an adequate criterion to assess the overall state of humanities in Iran in particular and other non-Western countries in general. Doing so, I have argued that humanities disciplinary functions and culture are different from those of natural science disciplines. Humanities disciplines are comparatively Jess universal and more local than other disciplines. Also, there are some discourse and social differences between Western and non-Western humanities disciplines. These differences do not easily allow to non-Western academics to participate to European based knowledge discourses. In my opinion humanities disciplines are not science in the sense that we attribute this term to natural science disciplines. Therefore, we should evaluate the functions of humanities based on their role in a society's cultural dialogue, and how these disciplines help people to make sense their Iifeworld, rather than explaining and discovering universal laws. In the last section of the article I have proposed and discussed some policies and strategies such as internationalization of the higher education system, promoting academic socialization and literacy, and strengthening academic autonomy and freedom. These policies may provide an appropriate ground for promoting and advancing humanities in Iran.

Abstract Father's brother's daughter marriage has been popular among Iranians since ancient times and is broadly reflected in their folklore. This type of marriage is the product of the same factors that have made endogamic marriages popular in general; but, the impact of economic factor, i.e preserving the property in the hands of the family, is of greater importance. This type of marriage is more prevalent in small communities and among tribal people than big urban areas, partly because of the limitation of the population pool that one can choose his/her mate from. There is a big variation among religious minorities of Iran regarding this issue: Christians regard it with displeasure, Jews favour it much, and the position of Zoroastrians are more like the Moslems. Among some Arab tribal people in Khuzestan, father's brother's daughter is regarded as one's sure property and she can't marry someone else unless her father's brother's son does not wish to marry her and give her the permission to marry another man. This inhuman tradition which in called "Nahve" has been the source of many brutal conflicts in the district.

Abstract This paper aims to study Heidegger's hermeneutic thoughts in town planning by means of phylosophcal and cognitive arguments. Hermeneutics in lexicon means interpreting sacred book and approaches this understanding from a phenomenological perspective. Hermenutics is the science or theory of interpretation. It derives from the Greek word "hermenevein" which means interpreting, translating, clarifying and describing. In Greek mythology, Hermes interprets the often mysterious messages of God for the mortal publics. There is no wonder that hermeneutics as a method originates from interpreting sacred text and has close affinity with religious terminology. Reformist movement controversies over preceded by Protestants emphasis that the sacred book was innately clear and sufficient for understanding. This controversy led to the formation of hermeneutics. The gradual formulation of this arguments as a methodology for interpreting text transformed into a more philosophical theory in the late 19th century focusing on the crucial importance of hemeneutics.

Abstract This study tries to show the comparative views of the students at Isfahan and Shahre-Kord Universities about Iran's four network television programs and productions. Isfahan and Shahre-Kord Universities are different in view of economical, cultural, social and geographical situations. Statistical community in this research includes all of students who studied in the two universities, during the years of 1382-1383. We have selected some variables such satisfaction of the two universities students from four network programs and productions. evaluation of the scientific contents of the four network television by students, the measure useness of students from four TV productions and programs. Also, we have applied survey method and made a questionaire for data collection and information and analysis data by K2 test. Some of the research results briefly show: - The university location has not any effect on students ideas about Four TV production. - All of the students have not positive attitudes towards Four TV programs and productions, so they use other sources for their necessary scientific informations. - Isfahan University students in comparison with Shahre-Kord University students use Four network TV production for their necessary informations more frequently. - The B.S students have more positive attitudes towards TV productions than M.S and Ph.D students in two Universities.

Abstract For the dialectic confections of the departments with people and take the customers ideas, an especial unit was created under the name of public relations which departments with that explain their aims, point of views, criticise the performance of them (departments), take people's ideas and use them in plannig or orgainization, As regard to these previews the major goal of this investigation is the case study of affective factors in public relations effciency in Golestan Province. The basic method is survey method and is used for collecting information from interview, checking documents and usually questionnaire. To find the investigation stability, Cranbech's alpha coefficient was used and the value was computed (92 % statistic society of this investigation is made of all administrative personnel's and didactic personnels working in the yaer 81-82). According to the received information, number of administrative personnnels is 1403 and didactic personnels is 2503. To find the sample volume of this investigation Kokran logic formula is used, so 485 mumber of administrative personnels and didactic personnels are denoted as statistical sample. They have been chosen and studied by random systematic sampling method with proper class method.The results of this investigation show that there is a meaningful negative correlation between age, graduation and personnels appraisement of public relations efficiency. So to alter the personnels theory of public relations, the plannning should be applied for younger and less graduated personnels. According to the one way variance analysis, it is denoted that appraisements of Amoozcsh va Parveresh area; district 1 and 2 Gorgan, Aliabad, Agh ghala, Kalaleh, Bandargaz and Ramian are very low in efficiency and performance, so these areas must be first in planning and didactic personnels have more negative theory in public relation, so they must be first in executing the thory alteration plans.