Social Sciences

Abstract The aim of this paper is to consider the question that whether the slogans propagated by the candidates during the sixth Majlis elections were sirmtar to those of the Islamic Revolution or not. If not, what were the differences? Moreover, whether the reformist inclination among the Iranian political elites and the masses is an indication of their search for realization of the goals and ideals of the Islamic Revolution. or is an indication of a diversion from some of those ideals and goals. For this purpose. the slogans propagated. by various political organizations and candidates of Tehran province, obtained from 10 newspapers during the campaign days, were analyzed using content analysis method, and compared to the slogans of the Revolution. A general comparison of the two sets of slogans reveals that there is a significant difference between the structure of the slogans oft he Islamic Revolution. related to the goals and ideals of the Revolution, and those of the election campaigns. The most important difference is that. in the campaign slogans, compared to those of the Revolution, sensitivity and emphasis on the Islamic and cultural subjects have declined: in contrast. attention 10 and emphasis on social and economic issuses have increased. However, the question that the observed differences betray a deviance from the slogans of the Revolution is arguable.

Abstract Existence of some organizations to provide social and public services to people is one of the necessities of human societies. The manner such organiczations run may shape the public attitude towards them. The "Organization of Prisons" is not an exception. In order to study this subject, a research was carried out The theoretical bases of this study have been sociological and socio-psychological theories. Evaluation of the rate of satisfaction, the opinion of prisoners about the programs and facilities of jails, and the capabilities of its agents have been the main questions of this study. A survey was conducted for this purpose. The results suggested that the most important problem of inmates of public health, and overcrowding were of the jails. The highest satifaction was about the attitude and behavior of guards and the lowest level of satisfaction was about of jails. A relation was found between the rate of satisfaction of inmates and programs and facilities of jails, anti the level of their education. However no relation was found between thier occupation before conviction, and the kinds of their crimes. Moreover, the analysis showed that there was a direct relationship between satisfacation of inmates and the jail, and the kind of treatment of prison guards.

Abstract This article deals with a critical inspection of the way Marx and Weber had used the concept of "bureaucracy". Then, on this basis and with reference to historical milieu that mediated the establishment of each type of organization, a distinction was made between formal organization and bureaucracy. The resulting point elaborated a wider scope for study of organization. This breading of scope by providing more precision in analysis logically is rejecting the idea, which permanently condemn bureaucracy as a phenomenon in term of organizational pathology.

Abstract This article is a summary of a thesis of MS in political science in which the outcomes of a content analysis research have been presented. In this research, channel J news of IRIB has been analyzed to introduce structure and method of political news broadcasting. In this age, audiences do not access facts directly. Mass media, especially TV, play an important role in this field. In the process of news and information presentation, the impacts of countless factors will cause news distrotion; thus, as we observe, one single event may be reported differently or even adversely. What leads to distrotion of facts is biased news selection and broadcast. Now, it is undrcstandable why most communication thinkers know inpartiality of myths. The outcomes of this study as well, indicate biased selecting and broadcasting domestic and international political news of channel 1, i.e. domestic political stories are positively and international political stories arc negatively reported. In conclusion, channel J news give an image of two different worlds; on one hand, stability and regularity of domestic ruling situation, and on the other hand, unstability and irregularity of international ruling situation.

Abstract This aruclc rs a summary or a survey carried out by the researcher in 2000. In this survey. 8710 rural youth who were 15-24 years old have been selected from 20 provinces. Among them, %95.9 have television sets (%49.2 colour TV, %50.8 black & white TV). According to this survey: %41.7 watch channel 3 programs, %33.2 watch channel 1 programs, % 16.9 watch channel 2 programs. Less than %3 watch channels 4&5 programs. This survey shows that %21 of these people live in frontier provinces, but merely one per cent of them prefer watching the foreign TV progerams, especially in Southern provinces. Furthermore. this survey implies that about %81.5 of the people watch the movies broactcasted on fridays, %56.2 prefer watching the sports programs, and %28.1 of them watch the news. According to this survey, the satisfaction rate from the radio and television programs among the rural youth is as follows: %47.1 high; 'Jt37.5 mean: % 15.4 low and dissatisfied. Meanwhile. the above rate is generally higher among the rural young ladies. Those who live far from the cities are more satisfied than those who live near the cities. The rural young men mainly select channel 3; whereas, the ladies prefer the programs of channel I.

Abstract Women's self-occupation cooperatives comprise active women who are of decision to play an important role in the economy and productivity of their family and society. To this end, they may, however, encounter certain problems as follow: - Most of these cooperatives are not acquainted with centers of manufacturing and distributing required material and equipment consequently. They are usally provided through dealers. - Most of these cooperatives are not acquainted with the chamber of cooperation, the cooperative service coprnany and the cooperative union. - Most of these cooperatives lack sufficient capital and budget. - Most cooperative directors do not enjoy high education. - Most cooperative personnels are not professional in their duties. - Most of such cooperatives are not much familiar to marketing and sales techniques.

Abstract The consumer cooperative of "Sepah" is one of the important cooperatives of Iran. [Sepah] consumer cooperatives with sufficient capital and suitable management play an important role in fair distribution of welfare in Iran, considering the primary purposes of these cooperatives, i.e. responding to the consumption needs of their members, and the acceptable services they provide. lt is suggested that the number of these cooperatives to be increased. In this way, consumer cooperatives may have a modifying role in the market place, and in inhancing the purchasing power of low-income strata. Owing to the successful record of "Sepah" consumer cooperatives, it is also suggested that other cooperatives may study and adopt the managerial experiences of these cooperatives.

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