Somayeh Sadat Shafiei
Abstract
The study of actions of social agents is a part of the social history of Iran that has seldom been studied in detail, while such study is capable of providing valuable information about lifestyle, gender culture, and every day actions of men and women. Thus, with the aim of producing local knowledge ...
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The study of actions of social agents is a part of the social history of Iran that has seldom been studied in detail, while such study is capable of providing valuable information about lifestyle, gender culture, and every day actions of men and women. Thus, with the aim of producing local knowledge for gender and women studies, such investigation sociologically brings about systematic results. Regarding this, the present study focuses on researching documents and theoretical analysis of historical findings from the perspective of gender studies. Document analysis has been extensively employed as a research method for the current study. Over thirty published documents have been examined. Findings of the analysis demonstrate an inclination to superstitious as common beliefs in Qajar era. Employing a functional approach and according to role status, findings of this study indicate a gender difference in upholding such belief. Such inclination in women were expressed in a vast array of acts related to infertility, giving birth, child care, affection, protection against imaginary beings and in men manifested in a range of different acts including improvement in subsistence level, higher yields of lands, abundance of well water and protection against dangers. Moreover, the gender differences among the performers of superstitious and how these beliefs were put into practice is of special note.
ali janadleh
Abstract
Institutional Relations between State and Society in Pre-Modernized Iran (Criticizing the Theory of Historical Gap Between the State and the Nation in Iran and Providing an Alternative View) Ali janadleh[1] Received: 5/6/2016 Accepted: 10/10/2016 Abstract In most ...
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Institutional Relations between State and Society in Pre-Modernized Iran (Criticizing the Theory of Historical Gap Between the State and the Nation in Iran and Providing an Alternative View) Ali janadleh[1] Received: 5/6/2016 Accepted: 10/10/2016 Abstract In most socio-historical studies, the gap between the state and the nation has been introduced as a historical and inherent feature of the traditional Iranian society. This means that the state's lack of external legitimacy, as well as the lack of procedures that determine the rights and duties of the state and society, have led to the alienation of social forces and the state of each other, and the historical gap between state and society. Hence the only relationship between these two was the exercise of unilateral domination by the state over society and obedience and subordination of society to the state. Referring to the historical institutionalism approach and using Reactive sequences analysis, this article provides an alternative narrative of the relation between state and nation. In this narrative, on the contrary, to the theory of the historical gap between the state and the nation, the mutual needs of the state and social forces led to a specific institutional configuration in the Iranian society, that was based on a complex network of interactions between the four main institutions of central government, the clergy, tribes and the market, resulting in relatively stable institutional balance between these institutions. This institutional configuration was rooted in a series of Reactive sequences, which brought about the formation of the Safavid government based on numerous tribal and ideological foundations. [1].Asistant Professor of women Studies, Allameh Tabataba'i University. a.janadleh@gmail.com
Nezam Bahrami Komeil
Abstract
Nezam Bahrami Komeil Date of Receive: 2014/2/28Date of Accept: 2014/8/11AbstractModernity is the subject that can be studied from different aspects, in which political dimension is the most significant one. As it will be shown, the importance of "political modernity” is that it provides an appropriate ...
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Nezam Bahrami Komeil Date of Receive: 2014/2/28Date of Accept: 2014/8/11AbstractModernity is the subject that can be studied from different aspects, in which political dimension is the most significant one. As it will be shown, the importance of "political modernity” is that it provides an appropriate measure to differentiate the structure of societies and political conditions, especially the government. This research tries to answer the main question: what is the position of the components of political modernity in the thought of some prominent clergies who were pro and against the constitutional movement? To do this, historical research and conceptual analysis method are used. Result shows that critical clergies opposed the components of political modernity, while advocates could not fully cop with its contradictions with religious values.
Mohammadmahdi Forghani; Mahdieh Hamzeei
Abstract
The present paper aims to study the way material and immaterial components of modern culture were reflected in Qajar era (Naseri era) newspapers. The contents of two newspapers Vaqaye-e Ettefaqieh and Akhtar were analyzed using a conceptual framework based on material and immaterial components of culture, ...
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The present paper aims to study the way material and immaterial components of modern culture were reflected in Qajar era (Naseri era) newspapers. The contents of two newspapers Vaqaye-e Ettefaqieh and Akhtar were analyzed using a conceptual framework based on material and immaterial components of culture, the theoretical studies based on the theories of diffusion of innovation and cultural lag, and the quantitative content analysis method. Vaqaye-e Ettefaqieh was the only Persian newspaper in Iran during the first decade of Naseri era (1848-1858). Akhtar was randomly selected from among the newspapers published in the third decade (1871-1881). Using systematic sampling method, 12 issues of each newspaper were selected. The data were analyzed using SPSS software, and the relationship between variables was examined using Chi-Square test. The results showed that there was a significant difference between the two newspapers in terms of different variables. First, although the contents published in both newspapers were mostly news items, there were more reports in Vaqaye-e Ettefaqieh and more analytical contents, such as articles, in Akhtar. The variety of styles was more common in the latter. Second, the contents of Vaqaye-e Ettefaqieh were mostly social, while those of Akhtar were mainly political. Third, the elements of modern culture had a low share in both of the newspapers, where material elements were predominant. However, there were some differences in the details. In Vaqaye-e Ettefaqieh, military equipment and sites, and in Akhtar, mostly material elements in politics were reflected. The number and variety of immaterial elements of modern culture had a higher presence in Akhtar than in Vaqaye-e Ettefaqieh. In most of their contents, both newspapers merely had a function of giving information on the elements of modern culture, and rarely took orientations. However, in cases where the newspapers had taken an orientation, it was positive or neutral in Vaqaye-e Ettefaqieh, while Akhtar took negative orientations and rejected some of these elements.
