Sociology
Farshad Jamali tanha; Ismail Aalizad; Mohammad Hossein Panahi
Abstract
Political systems always impose demands on their educational institutions in the form of transformational documents and reform instructions . In this regard, examining the experiences related to the executive development of governments, the impact of conflicts in the political structure of the ...
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Political systems always impose demands on their educational institutions in the form of transformational documents and reform instructions . In this regard, examining the experiences related to the executive development of governments, the impact of conflicts in the political structure of the society, understanding the relations between the government-society-educational system on the development achievements of some selected countries became problematic for this research. . This work is an epistemological thing to show the deficiencies in the educational systems that are not on the path of development and to explain the political obstacles to achieving this goal. The research approach is qualitative, its method is integrated (documentary and comparative). The analytical strategy includes documentary analysis and George Brady's comparative model. Four countries are investigated (South Korea, China, Türkiye and Egypt). The results show that in terms of attention to institutional requirements in executive development and the implementation of proposed reforms for the education system, the level of this is higher in South Korea's political system than others; China has also been able to achieve success of the education system with development by applying some powerful policies; this is relatively evident with the participation of foreign actors in Turkey., Egypt is fragileKeywords: Developmental Education, Developmental Reforms, Institutional-Political Requirements of Developmental Reforms, Educational Justice. IntroductionPolitical systems that include an organized society with a specific ideology and a specific form of government; they always demand demands in the form of transformative documents and reform instructions from their educational institutions. It is in the form of these documents that laws are established for developmental reforms; to determine the role, structure and content of educational systems in the path of overall development; These policy-oriented demands contain special goals for the development and transmission of culture, reproduction and preservation of the social system and political structure of society. But in this context, paying attention to the ability and level of executive power of governments is a research-oriented necessity.Therefore, knowing and understanding the institutional-political requirements in some successful countries (South Korea) or those that have gone through a relatively favorable process in this field (China and Turkey) as well as countries that have not achieved much success (Egypt) in the order of the comparative study of this Research was done. The main indicators of the selection of these countries were, on the one hand, paying attention to the records of their efforts in the field of transformative policies or standardization of the consequences of educational policies at the national level; On the other hand, their applied reforms regarding policy making in educational systems have taken place after a period of political transformation. For this reason, according to the characteristic of the post-revolution political structure of 1357 in Iran, a kind of thematic convergence was seen in these countries despite the huge political, social, geographical and demographic differences with Iran, which convinced the researchers to prepare such a sample.Research Question(s)Now the central questions of this research are conceptualized as follows:1- How has the change in the political-institutional situation of the elected governments in recent decades affected the type of revolutionary demands for their educational system?2- In terms of the level of central development or anti-development, how can we compare the institutional-political situation of the government and the way of action of effective actors inside and outside the education system in the selected countries?Conceptual FrameworkThe conceptual approach of this research shows that the realization of developmental reforms in a part of the society, especially in the educational system, will not happen in a vacuum. Rather, how to formulate and determine the content of the goals and ideals of these policies within a cycle of mutual relationships between different elements of society and its political, social and economic context, and the process of implementation and realization of the aforementioned goals will depend on understanding how these elements and concepts interact. Especially in the field of government and society. Therefore, in order to explain the differences in the policy making capacity and the implementation of transformative policies, we are forced to examine the structural contexts and institutional conditions affecting the desired implementation trends. Because the ineffectiveness of educational policies is the result of structural weakness, tensions and inconsistencies in the political system and its relationship with society.MethodologyThis research is a qualitative-descriptive study with analytical and interpretative aspects. The method of doing it is a combination of documentary research and comparative method. Because the main issues of the research are such that it requires multilateral investigations. In this way, the need to understand the components related to historical-political developments and the desired wishes of educational policy makers in the selected countries along with the recognition of their political-institutional requirements dictated that we first use the documentary research method to prepare the necessary qualitative and background information. Then, to explain the differences in the different levels of the institutional requirements of the government and society to realize development-oriented reforms in the selected countries, let's use the "Beradi" comparative method. The method of analyzing the collected data is the thematic technique based on analytical induction.ResultsThe results of this research show that the field of education and the issue of development in it have complex relationships with other elements of society and the political system. Knowing the type of interests of effective actors inside and outside the education system, the way these social movements act is effective in understanding how control is distributed in the society and can clarify the path of development of the education institution. In the meantime, dynamizing the policy-making structure in overcoming the political and cultural dogmas of this field (the case of China, South Korea and Turkey), paying attention to the element of social participation (the case of South Korea, Turkey) and accordingly developing issue-oriented policy content along with the continuous convergence of demands Political elites and effective political currents reduce internal tensions and ultimately make the capacity and capability of the government suitable for cultural and executive development in the education system.In this regard, political-cultural obstacles appear for this dimension of development that cannot be overcome. For example, the political structure of the party-government of the People's Republic of China by applying authoritarian policies to industrialize education; The element of educational justice and equality in quality, which is one of the main indicators of development approaches as human empowerment, has faced a serious challenge. The attention of cultural policymakers to the fields and effective actors of the society is another important factor in the process of shaping the development of the educational system. For example, the way of distribution of cultural elements (Islamic and Confucian) as two effective forces in the societies studied in this research has affected the way of control by the government institution in this field. Facilitation of the mentioned elements in Türkiye and South Korea is the cause of harmony, cohesion and movement in the development path. The strictness of the mentioned religion in China and Egypt has sometimes created many challenges for the realization of reform policies.ConclusionFinally, reflecting on the evidence of this research showed the clarity of the theoretical vision of this project. Discussions that lie in the concepts and content of the critical view of some theoretical insights, around the critique of the development paradigms. Their emphasis on the necessity of passing these foundations and paying attention to the ability and capacity of the government to realize reforms is considered essential. This means that in the scientific investigation of the obstacles to the realization of planned reforms, it is not possible to simply describe or build a conceptual model of the institutions located in the cultural center of the society, such as the developmental education system. Rather, it is necessary here to examine structural-content requirements and obstacles in three dimensions: 1- formation, legislation and planning; 2- implementation and 3- follow the evaluation of the codified programs. Because each of the mentioned stages can potentially turn into conflicts and conflicts at the level of society in the political, economic and social arenas; Make the way for the implementation of the approved policies of that government, especially in the public institutions of the society.
Vahid Shalchi; Ali Janadleh; Ismail Aalizad; Masoud ZalizadehKoutiyani
Abstract
In theories of ethnic identity, belonging to an ethnicity varies with respect to ethnic policies, economic conditions, the extent of social system closure, etc., which may lose its role and importance in one period and become the dominant identity in another. The goal of this article is to evaluate the ...
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In theories of ethnic identity, belonging to an ethnicity varies with respect to ethnic policies, economic conditions, the extent of social system closure, etc., which may lose its role and importance in one period and become the dominant identity in another. The goal of this article is to evaluate the ethnic identity in the city of Ahvaz from the second Pahlavi era to the Islamic Republic period. The research data were obtained based on the life history technique and through semi-structured qualitative interviews to identify and understand the mentality of people whose lived experience was formed in Ahvaz. To analyze the interviews, the matic content analysis method was used, through which ten primary themes and three central themes were identified. The central themes in the second Pahlavi period is "Ethnic Identity in the Path of Integration", in the period of the revolution until the end of the war is "Ethnic Identity in the path of Differentiation". The results show that compared to the past periods, the Bakhtiari and Arab people in Ahvaz have a greater tendency to identification based on ethnicity, and ethnic identity has become a strong and effective identity in the urban society of Ahvaz.
Farshad Momeni; Ismail Aalizad; Vahid Mirebeigi
Abstract
For years researchers have associated the developmental problems of countries possessing natural resources like oil with the very fact of the possession of such resources. The numerous studies of this field have mostly focused on the theories of the Rentier State and the Resource Curse. Today, with the ...
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For years researchers have associated the developmental problems of countries possessing natural resources like oil with the very fact of the possession of such resources. The numerous studies of this field have mostly focused on the theories of the Rentier State and the Resource Curse. Today, with the advent of empirical research and theoretical criticism, there is little doubt with regards to the shortcomings of the classic theories of the field. The latest research has also attempted to mitigate the extremes of the classic theories of rentierism which usually cover a limited scope of the suggested outcomes of rentierism, and such theories have not formed a comprehensive and elaborate theory, nor have they presented an appropriate ideal type of the rentier state for historical investigations. The present paper presents a critical survey of the literature on rentierism, focusing on one main question: how can this theory be improved? With respect to this question, at first, rentierism literature will be reviewed, then the institutionalist theory of Douglass North shall be introduced. By recognizing the advantages and disadvantages of both theories, the present paper goes on to formulate new conceptual framework named the "Rentier Limited Access Order". Not only is this framework rooted in both theories, but it also goes beyond them and delivers new insights with which rentier states can be studied.
Ismail Aalizad; Behzad Hemati
Abstract
Abstract The monopoly of political structure is one of the foundations of an authoritarian political system. According to many researchers and scholars, contemporary Iran, especially in the reign of first Pahlavi, showing the predominance of an authoritarian regime, with specific features and highlights ...
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Abstract The monopoly of political structure is one of the foundations of an authoritarian political system. According to many researchers and scholars, contemporary Iran, especially in the reign of first Pahlavi, showing the predominance of an authoritarian regime, with specific features and highlights of the monopoly of political structure, a phenomenon that, along with other features of the authoritarian system, has affected the fate and political culture of Iranian society. Attention and emphasis on this category form the basis of this research and the question of how many of the emergence and orientation of such a form of monopoly on political authoritarianism has been the main issue of the research. A problem that can be designed and pursued within the framework of socio-political analysis. The purpose of this study is to describe an intrinsic social reality, that is to say, to examine the nature of the monopoly of the political structure in the social and historical context of a particular era of individuality and a new era of oppression and repression. One of the most important achievements of this research is the recognition of one of the most fundamental mechanisms of the emergence of political authoritarianism as a modern model in contemporary Iran. How an authoritarian system subjugates the state's triple powers and seizes the realm of government and disperses the public sphere and suppresses civil organizations such as the parties and the press, and takes such institutions into their full control and control.
Ismaeil aalizad
Volume 22, Issue 70 , March 2015, , Pages 123-166
Abstract
AbstractSocial development is one of the basics of development in general. It consists of different aspects that the function of each is to answer the needs of society and its members in order to achieve human transcendence and better quality of life. This research wants to identify social development ...
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AbstractSocial development is one of the basics of development in general. It consists of different aspects that the function of each is to answer the needs of society and its members in order to achieve human transcendence and better quality of life. This research wants to identify social development and its theoretical basis in laws of development program, and the way it is reflected and proceeded. The logic of this research is deduction and it is planned to describe and compare social aspect of development programs. Its method is content analysis, which emphasis on manifest and latent aspects related to social development in each development program. The statistical population is ratified documentaries of the first to fifth development programs which are completely enumerated. Research findings show that the social welfare approach has superiority over other theoretical approaches, and there was less attention to human capability based on rights and participation. Furthermore, in preparation of development programs, the basic pattern is top-down development planning
