Anthropology
Javad Nazarimoghaddam; Seyed Hashem Mousavi
Abstract
Due to the importance of folk literature and culture and the reflection of Iranian’s disposition and social values in them, referring to a part of the most important documents, charters, and guild regulations, known as “Fotovat Nameh” [Book of Gallantry] as parts of the Iranian folk ...
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Due to the importance of folk literature and culture and the reflection of Iranian’s disposition and social values in them, referring to a part of the most important documents, charters, and guild regulations, known as “Fotovat Nameh” [Book of Gallantry] as parts of the Iranian folk literature, can help us comprehend Iran’s culture and society. This is because part of Iranian’s culture and manners is reflected in these historical and literary documents. Have we lacked a strong disposition throughout history? Should we search for the root of many of today’s problems in history and Iranian’s disposition through time? To answer such questions, we should refer to anthropology references and history. The present research is a descriptive-analytical study, which intends to criticize the common viewpoint about the Iranian disposition by documentation and referring to folk documents (first-hand) and literature. Based on the research findings, some characteristics, such as generosity, responsibility, teamwork, a collective spirit, and tolerance were found in the Iranian folk literature. Therefore, The common belief regarding about Iranian’s disposition becomes uncertain.
Cultural Studies
Zekrollah Mohammadi; Mohsen Parvish
Abstract
The Iranian identity has been the focus of historians and writers throughout Iran's history as a considerably important topic. The Iranian identity means an emotional attachment and commitment to Iran’s cultural heritage, political heritage, and common ancestry. In the present study, it is attempted ...
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The Iranian identity has been the focus of historians and writers throughout Iran's history as a considerably important topic. The Iranian identity means an emotional attachment and commitment to Iran’s cultural heritage, political heritage, and common ancestry. In the present study, it is attempted to study and investigate the Iranian identity based on the aforementioned definition in the ideas and thoughts of Abū ʿAlī Miskawayh in his historiography. The way he adopts his historiography has greatly influenced the development of the horizons of Iranian historiography. Thus, by studying and exploring Masqawi's works one can identify concepts about Iran, Iranian thought, appropriate models of the political system, etc. The present paper, using a descriptive-analytic method, seeks to answer the question: what are the ideas of Iranian identity in the writings of Miskawayh? The results of the research show that in Miskawayh’s thoughts, history and historical past have played the most important role in the revival and reconstruction of the Iranian identity in the Islamic era. By highlighting the Iranian identity, Miskawayh aims to use the institution of Iranian monarchy instead of the caliphate. Indeed, this would give credence to both the Buyid dynasty and the political unity of Iran.
Demography
Farzad Ghorbani; Mohammad Mirzaei; Mohammad Haddadi; Zainab Mohammadi zade
Abstract
In the last few decades, The average age of marriage has had a considerable increase, it seems that such an increase is not due to a change in people’s tendencies. There is a gap between the actual age of marriage and the ideal age for people, and a number of factors have caused the gap to appear. ...
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In the last few decades, The average age of marriage has had a considerable increase, it seems that such an increase is not due to a change in people’s tendencies. There is a gap between the actual age of marriage and the ideal age for people, and a number of factors have caused the gap to appear. The present study aims to examine the determinants of the gap between the actual and the ideal age of marriage. The statistical population of the study consists of those who are at the age of marriage in the province of Kohgiluyeh and Boyer Ahmad. The sample size was 400 people which was based on the proportion of the cities’ population. The results showed that more than 60% of participants experienced a gap between their real and ideal age of marriage. Such a gap has been positive for the majority of people. This means that the percentage of people who postponed the ideal time of their marriage is high. Multivariate analysis indicates that education, value orientation, and employment status affect the real and the ideal age of marriage among men. For women, on the other hand, education, family income, value orientation, and employment status have an impact on the aforementioned gap. Approximately among half of the participants the ideal age of marriage was less than the actual age of their marriage, policymakers can provide the structural prerequisites so that the problem of postponed marriage can be resolved, as it is one of the main concerns of the country. And as evidenced by the study’s findings, people have a positive attitude towards marriage at an early age.
Demography
Javad Shojaei; Amir Erfani
Abstract
One of the results of the fertility rate continuously being below the replacement rate is the prevalence of one-child families, for which there are no exact scientific information in Iran regarding the level of prevalence and trend of change. The present study aims to estimate the level, changes, and ...
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One of the results of the fertility rate continuously being below the replacement rate is the prevalence of one-child families, for which there are no exact scientific information in Iran regarding the level of prevalence and trend of change. The present study aims to estimate the level, changes, and age patterns of one-child families in Iran during 2000-2016. The data from two Tehran Fertility Surveys (2009 and 2014), three Iran’s Demographic and Health Surveys (2000, 2010, 2015), and three censuses (2006, 2011, 2016) were used. Based on the age of married women and number of living children, “definite” and “indefinite” percentages of one-child families were calculated, where the first one referred to married women aged 40-44 or 45-49 with one-child, and the latter referred to those under the age of 40 with one-child. The census results showed that the definite one-child families among women aged 45- 49 increased from 4.4% in 2006 to 5.1% in 2011 and 7.8% in 2016. Similar increasing trends were found from Demographic and Health Surveys and Tehran Fertility Surveys, with a sharper increase in one-child families in Tehran, where the percentage of definite one-child families rose from 3.6% in 2009 to 11.9% in 2014. The estimated levels of one-child families from different sources of data confirmed valid and reliable increasing trends of one-child families in Iran. Key words: One-child Family, Definite One-child Families, Indefinite One-child Families, Fertility Rate.
Sociology
Ali Yaghoobi Choobari
Abstract
Metaphors help individuals express mental knowledge in the form of objective facts, that is, most abstract concepts become objective through metaphor and allegory. Almost all abstract conceptualizations occur through conceptual metaphor and metonymy. The present article is about the role of metaphorical ...
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Metaphors help individuals express mental knowledge in the form of objective facts, that is, most abstract concepts become objective through metaphor and allegory. Almost all abstract conceptualizations occur through conceptual metaphor and metonymy. The present article is about the role of metaphorical language in Bourdieu's thought as a new subject. By studying Bourdieu's works, his major metaphors were extracted and analyzed using a qualitative content analysis method and the "Metaphor Identification Procedure" model. The findings show that Bourdieu's metaphors are interconnected as a network of concepts. The main metaphor of Bourdieu's thinking is conflict, and his other metaphors are a function of this metaphor. He has used several “Source Conceptual Domains” such as field, habitus, capital, play, and so on to analyze “Social Life” as a “Target Conceptual Domain”. Bourdieu has used economic metaphors in his social analysis and believes a "Sameness" exists between the economic market and the linguistic market. In some of his works, he has used embodied metaphors such as habitus. Physical metaphors are also shaped through a symbolic order and the separation of binary oppositions. He tried to visualize or objectify the subtle and abstract social world with metaphors which are spatial, temporal, economic, and physical.
Alireza Salehi; Mohammadsaeed Zokaei; Ebrahim Ekhlasi
Abstract
The medical relationship between a physician and their patient is unequal. The patient is in an urgent need to make a contract with the physician which includes the acceptance of the treatment plan and the payment for such treatment. However, The physician does not have the same urgency. This unequal ...
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The medical relationship between a physician and their patient is unequal. The patient is in an urgent need to make a contract with the physician which includes the acceptance of the treatment plan and the payment for such treatment. However, The physician does not have the same urgency. This unequal situation may lead to misuse of power by the physician. The results of this critical ethnographic study, extracted from semi-structured interviews with a number of patients and physicians in the city of Tehran, show that five models for physicians' authority may appear in a doctor-patient relationship: Personal authority, being the extension of physician's authority in social sites other than medical practice. Coercive authority, constructed by neglecting the lived body. Authoritarianism, which is the result of manipulating patients' cognition. Juridical authority, which relies on doctor-patient protocols and civil rights, and finally, empathetic authority, which is based on a personal connection with the patient.
Mohammad Reza Pouyafar
Abstract
The present study aims to identify the experience of Imam Reza's pilgrimage through a phenomenological study. Accordingly, the interview method and participatory observation have been used. A qualitative sampling has been used for Purposive Sampling Strategy. 28 interviews with participants were conducted, ...
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The present study aims to identify the experience of Imam Reza's pilgrimage through a phenomenological study. Accordingly, the interview method and participatory observation have been used. A qualitative sampling has been used for Purposive Sampling Strategy. 28 interviews with participants were conducted, in which a relative balance was established in terms of gender and between the native and non-native pilgrims. For the conceptual framework of the study, William James's theory was used to define religious experience and a combination of indigenous theories and models of religious measurement were used to define the basic concept of pilgrimage experience based on three dimensions of thoughts (Beliefs), actions (Behavior), and emotions. Findings of the research revealed a variety of religious experiences in all three dimensions of religious experience. At the same time, there is a difference between the religious experiences of the native and non-native pilgrims in indicators such as belief in holy objects, patterns of time spending in the shrine. But in other elements and components of the pilgrimage experience, the variations between each of the two groups of native and non-native pilgrims were the same.
