The questions considerecl in this Article arc: l) What factors have effected the form of neighbourhood structure of the cities in the past period of Islamic cities? 2) What are the functions of neighbourhood units in the past Islamic cities? Based a comparative survey and investigation of many related ...
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The questions considerecl in this Article arc: l) What factors have effected the form of neighbourhood structure of the cities in the past period of Islamic cities? 2) What are the functions of neighbourhood units in the past Islamic cities? Based a comparative survey and investigation of many related documents this article finds that: 1) The form of neighbourhood structure of the cities in the past Islamic counries affected by pre-Islamic characteristics rather than Islamic cosmology and educations. Such factors as social classification, socio - cultural, religious and racial factors affected the neighbaurhood units in these cities. Also the primitive (rural - nomadism) pattern of life and the settlement pattern of such different group in these cities lead to crystalization of cities in the form of neighbourhood structures! 2) The city neighbourhoods in the past Islamic cities have different functions:
They provide context for socio - cultural, racial, religious and so other relationships and devided the city upon it.
- Through neighbourhood the primitive relationships could be kept and restructured in smalls parcels of cities.
- Urban neighbourhood also function as a tool for local administration
and urban governance through informal controls.
- They also sometimes substitute NGOs and formal parties and promote popular cooperation. Finauy, neighbourhood units in the past Islamic cities despite of various forms and charachters in Islamic countries have two main functions:
They act as functional units for service colverage of subregional of cities in one hand; and in the other hand, they role playing as social units for social relations and social correlations in defined district of the cities.
Both two above functions emphasized in new urbanism theories and practices as a tool for prevention of alienation in the metropole cities, megalopolis and conurbations.
Traffic, transportation, different types of urban trips, land-use and location of facilities in an urban area are complex issues in today's world and have attracted the attention of many urban and transportation planners. Study. analysis and undersiandig of the causes of these phenomena arc considered ...
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Traffic, transportation, different types of urban trips, land-use and location of facilities in an urban area are complex issues in today's world and have attracted the attention of many urban and transportation planners. Study. analysis and undersiandig of the causes of these phenomena arc considered the first step towards solving related problems, such as air and noise pollutions, traffic congestion, traffic accident and wasting or over-using of natural and economic resources. Urban trips depend on the concentration of different economic, social, cultural and educational activities within a city. Therefore, the more dispersed activities in a city, the higher need and demand for trips will be experienced. Educational trips by university and higher education institutes' students are an important pan of urban trips, particularly in large cities. such as Tehran. This paper examines the causes and effects of different elements; namely gender of the student, mode of transportation,
field of study, time of trip, cost of trip and the quality of the modes of transport.
A sample of 303 students in the faculty of social sciences were randomly
chosen and the data were collected by a questionnaire. Afterwards, different trip patterns were identified by analysing the data. To minimize educational trips, the following suggestion are ma<.Ies:
1- Rationally limiting the number of non-local students.
2- Providing accomodation nearby the faculty or university.
3- Providing charter buses for students.
4- Providing affordable and convinient public buses.
5- Concentrating all faculties and other services in a site, in which travelling on foot and/or by bicycle is made possible and encouraged
The issue of sustainable development, in the recent decades has been core argument. The guiding principle of sustainable development is development that meets the needs of present without conpromising the ability of future generations to meet thier own needs. Sustainable development recognises the interdependence ...
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The issue of sustainable development, in the recent decades has been core argument. The guiding principle of sustainable development is development that meets the needs of present without conpromising the ability of future generations to meet thier own needs. Sustainable development recognises the interdependence of environmental, social and economic systems and promotes equality and justice through the empowerment of people a sense of and giving them global citizenship. According to the idea of sustainable development, development needs equality between parts of socio-economical systems. In fact equality and sustainability are two aspect of a single concept.
In this paper we discuss the components of sustainable development including, people, resource, space, and the role and importance of these components in the development process.
However, in recent decades it has become apparent that social, economical and environmental problems encompass more than just science and economics, and that a new innovative model is needed to supplant the traditional decision - making approches.
The twin concepts of cultural development and sustainable urban development are the most frequanlly used concepts in the urban planning literature. That's to say, cultural development necessarily would encourage a sustainable urban development. The history of environment of sustainable development studies ...
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The twin concepts of cultural development and sustainable urban development are the most frequanlly used concepts in the urban planning literature. That's to say, cultural development necessarily would encourage a sustainable urban development. The history of environment of sustainable development studies are not so long, e.g. the first international congress on the subject was held at Stochkolm at 1972 and in its final communicate the subject of urban development was mentioned at three cases: the first priority should be given to maintenance and quality development; the second priority should go to human safety; and finally the rational usage of the environmental sourses should be considered. To do this, obviously having a global view on the subject the environmental development of eradication of poverty is necessary. Moreover, cultral understanding in an urban living is also required.
