Social Sciences

Abstract Truths are unchangeable entities if perceived definitely, but the theories explaining them, are often exposed to constant transformations. Varieties of Sociological theories of religion, and the stages of their evolution, is the subject of the present paper. The attempt has been made to describe the evolutionary conditions and the characteristics of each stage of theorization, the deficiencies of each approach, and the requirements for promotion of the existing theories. This endeavor, however, does not intend to develop a new theory, rather it reviews the existing theoriesm and paves the way for their transformation to a higher level.

Abstract The present study aims at examining factors affecting child mortality in Ilam province of Iran. Regarding the issue, the study considers relationships between social exclusion and population indicators and child mortality. The method of research is Suruey and the subjects include all married women ranged 15 to 49 who at least managed to give birth to a healthy baby. Theories of social exclusion and child mortality are used as the theoncal basis of the study. Based on the data obtained, the average size of the families was 4.9; the mean time interred between the births was 42 months; the mean for the children ever born was 3.05 and the mean for the children surviving was 2.5. multi variable logistic regression analysis for the whole province, the indicators of population, social exclusion and the type of marriage had significant impact on mortality rate. in the cities, however, socil exclusion, the type of marriage, and the awareness about child-care had significant impact. Finally, in rural areas, the indicators of population, social exclusion, nutration, and the type of marriag remained in the model.

Abstract Struggle between Qualitative and Quantitative researchers has had a long history, even before applying (these methods) into the social science, each one trying to prove their legitimacy. Dominance of quantitative researches that played an influential role for many decades, decreased with emerging feminist movement and other social and political processes. Along with the decline of quantitative methods, we have witnessed primitive concerns in integrating and combining qualitative and quantitative methods, to romedy the weaknesses of both methods. In the present article qualitative and quantitative approaches are briefly shortly introduced, and their weaknesses and strengthens are examined. Then The differences among these approaches and the possibility of combining the two methods are discussed. Introducing an integrated approach, its presumptions, methods of integrating, and the challenges ahead of this relatively new approach, constitute final part of the article.

Abstract The expansion of communication and information technologies has led to transition from industrial society to networked society. Internet folds geographical borders and forms a new society. In this society, different dimensions of life have changed including its political dimensions and electoral systems. Now presidential candidates and their partisans use various means for expressing their own electoral programs and platforms. The web space, one of these means because of being outside of power sphere, interactional activity, freedom from time and place suits this perpose well. In the ninth presidency election of Iran this means this essay, with the aim of considering the extent of news coverage in the ninth presidential election in the web space, studied the type of materials presented in the sites of Baztab, Rooydad, Emrooz, Using content analysis.

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