Abotorab Talebi; Sajad Alizadeh
Abstract
The situation of ethnic minorities in Iran in terms of ethnic discrimination and inequality has been the subject of concerns and public debates both inside and outside Iran for decades, but the actual and concrete experiences of the ethnic groups within the modern institutions of Iran has rarely been ...
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The situation of ethnic minorities in Iran in terms of ethnic discrimination and inequality has been the subject of concerns and public debates both inside and outside Iran for decades, but the actual and concrete experiences of the ethnic groups within the modern institutions of Iran has rarely been the subject of empirical studies. The study of lived experiences of the Turks and Kurds within an influential institution like the university can deepen our knowledge of the ethnic functions of modern institutions in Iran. Therefore, using the qualitative and phenomenological approach, this article studies the ethnic lived experiences of the Kurdish and Turkish students focusing on experiences of discrimination and inequality in four universities in Iran. For this purpose, semi-structured interviews conducted with 35 students. Data were analyzed using the thematic analysis technique that resulted in 3 main themes and 8 sub-themes. The findings show that the university experiences for the Kurdish and Turkish students especially for the latter includes significant aspects of the sense of ethnic discrimination and inequality occurring especially around two lines of language and religion.
ghasem hasani
Abstract
Institutionalized participation, on the one hand, leads to the development of democracy and legitimation of the states, on the other hand increases the level of nation security. Moreover people’s confidence in the state increases it’s stability, and enhances development and national security. ...
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Institutionalized participation, on the one hand, leads to the development of democracy and legitimation of the states, on the other hand increases the level of nation security. Moreover people’s confidence in the state increases it’s stability, and enhances development and national security. From the Islamic point of view, the role of people is not limited only to legitimizing the sate, but they have a basic role in raising their efficiency. The present research was conducted to achive the following objectives: 1) Measuring the level of political, social alienation and political, social participation. 2) Finding correlations among the variables of political, social alienation and participation. 3) Studying the relationship of variables such as age, gender, religion, race, marriage, education and income with the level of political, social participation and alienation. The result of the research shows that socio, political participation is highly effective in increasing or decreasing national security coefficiency; and in the case of nonparticipation, political and social alienation seriously threatens national security.
ezatolah samaram
Abstract
The idea of "social capital" for the first time entered in to the literature of sociology by social scientists as social wealth and social income. Social capital is an interdisciplinary concept among economics, sociology and political sciences which has a valued approach towards social interactions in ...
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The idea of "social capital" for the first time entered in to the literature of sociology by social scientists as social wealth and social income. Social capital is an interdisciplinary concept among economics, sociology and political sciences which has a valued approach towards social interactions in the goals achievement which are not just social but political and economical in nature. Such capital is created by interactions between people in a social relation network. Social capital refers to the links and communication between members of a network in which the creation of norms and mutual trust brought about fulfillment of goals. It should be noted that without social capital, following the path of development and cultural and economical fulfillment will be difficult and uneven. Nowadays, organizational social capital is considered to be one of the most prominent issues of organization management which plays a more key role than human and physical capital. The networks of public and group relations include cohesion among people in an organization and also between people and the organization. In this paper it is intended to measure the social capital at the university as a complex network of social interactions. The research method is a field survey based on questionnaire. The results show that among students whom are studied, age of the student, tendency towards the religious practices and the year of entry to university are the most significant effective factors in the level of their social capital. Considering the academic staff of the university, only the tendency towards religious practices influenced their level of social capital.
