Social Sciences

Abstract This study investigates the effects of social capital on the job salisfaction of Tabriz primary schools teachers. Social capital and job satisfaction arc important in social welfare development. A random sample or 350 teachers were selected. Data was collected by means of questionnaire. For the measurement of social capital Bullen and Onyx social capital scale, and for the measurement job satisfaction Bright Feld scale was used. Findings show that the social capital significantly influences the job satisfaction or teachers. There was no meaningful difference between females and males, in this regard. The regression analysi» of the social capital indicators on the rate of joh satisfaction shows that the indicators concerning the objective dimension of social capital has the highest effect upon juh satisfaction. Generally, indicators or social capital explained 16 percent of variance of job satisfaction.

Abstract The technology related to the construction and use of Qanats developed in Iran since ancient times to take advantage of the underground water resources in arid regions. In most cases however, Qanats are more than just a,vay of using underground water. They represent a unique and integrative system of indigenous knowledge and wisdom in sustainable management of land, water, and agricultural biodiversity, as well as extensive collaboration in agricultural communities. At present, many tacrors threaten the Qanat systems in Iran as well as worldwide. Climate change, increasing risks of desertification, over-consumption of freshwater resources, Introduction of DC\\' technologies, as well as inadequate policies have all contributed to the degradation of ingenious system or Qanat construction ancJ maintenance. Studying Qanat system in Kashan area in Iran reveals that there is an urgent need for the protection and revival of the existing network or Qanat systems in arid regions of Iran and worldwide,

Abstract This article examines how and why to teach anthropological courses based on my own and other anthropologists' experiences. The aim of the article is to help to promote education of anthropology in Iran. In the Introduction, the subject matter andmetbodological issues of this study are explained. Then, in the First part, (The Research Problem), the significance of university teaching methods, particularly teaching methods in humanities and social sciences are discussed. The Second part deals with the question of relevance and significance of teaching anthropolo&'Y courses focusing on the state of the discipline in Iran. The Third part discusses the content of anthropology courses. The next part explains and introduces strategics and methods of teaching anthropology courses. The last part examines educational and teaching problems in anthropology courses in Iranian universities.

Abstract Presence in virtual space, whether for professional purposes or for recreation, whether continuously or intermittently leaves deep impacts on different aspects of identity and lifestyles, specifically on youth as the biggest virtual space audience. Internet users, depending on the objective and subjective structures of their surrounding environment, experience a wide variety of impacts. Drawing on an internet survey of 305 professional and recreational internet users and some qualitative interviews, the present paper aims at investigating the impacts of exposure to internet on youths' identity. The findings suggest that exposure to virtual space promotes the formation of modern identity, particularly on professional users. Similarly formation of a modern identity in turn depends on the level and type of consumption and the ,vay users present and manage themselves on the net.

Abstract In this article I used Foucault's theory of discourse 10 study commercial advertising before and after the Iranian revolulion in 1979. By investigating laws and regulations of commercial advertising and socio - political conditions that govern it, \VC distinguished t\VO types of discourses that governed advertising industry in Iran. The first was Information - security discourse before the revolution; and the second was the ideological discourse after revolution.