mohammad abdollahi; omid ghader zadeh
Volume 10, Issue 24 , February 2004, , Pages 1-36
Abstract
One of the most secure channels of achieving social consensus and solidarity in Iran is the feeling of intimacy and social acceptance among the Iranian ethnic communities and groups. Adopting a socialogical approach, the present study investigates the degree of social distance between the inhabitants ...
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One of the most secure channels of achieving social consensus and solidarity in Iran is the feeling of intimacy and social acceptance among the Iranian ethnic communities and groups. Adopting a socialogical approach, the present study investigates the degree of social distance between the inhabitants of Baneh (who are Kurds) and members of other ethnic communities. In this study, the term social distance refers to the tendency among members of an ethnic community to accept or reject members of other ethnic communities. The tendency encompasses cognitive and emotional dimensions together with preparedness for action an appropriate conceptual framework was therefore designed for the analysis. It reviews the micro - and macro - level perspectives and theories of sociology, social psychology and the existing empirical resources. The results of the interview with the sample which consisted of 399 inhabitants of Baneh, demonstrates that the interviewees feel the least distant from persian/Fars ethnic communities, and the most distant from Arab ethnic communities come first, and Azari, Baluch, Lor, and Arab ethnic communities come next in success on. The research findings show that micro-sociological approaches to the study of ethnic distance in Iran are insufficient. Considering the fact that ethnic distance, and consequently, ethnic interactions in Iran, are influenced by the cultural, social, political and economic atmosphere of the country and the historical developments related to this atmosphere, it is necessary to pay attention to macro-level perspectives and theories, such as Heshter's theory of internal colonialism, which is based on the role of variables such as deprivation, degree of economic inequity and discrimination among ethnic communities, and which emphasizes the formation of ethnic identity and mobilization, and to integrate these perspectives into micro-level theories. The findings of this study demonstrate that social distance exists among the ethnic communities of Iran. The study therefore places special emphasis on the formulation and adoption of an appropriate ethnic policy to reduce such adistance in the country.
nematollah fazeli
Volume 11, Issue 25 , May 2004, , Pages 1-41
Abstract
This article is a review of some of global trends in the institution of higher education. In the introduction it discusses the problem of understanding higher education in the age of globalization and information technology. From this point of view, it seems that there are many crisis in higher education ...
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This article is a review of some of global trends in the institution of higher education. In the introduction it discusses the problem of understanding higher education in the age of globalization and information technology. From this point of view, it seems that there are many crisis in higher education around the world. It has been argued that the real crisis is our inability to understand what is going and happening in the higher education institution. The second part of the article examines the impact of globalization of higher education focusing on computer and digital technologies. Massification and internationalization are two global trends in higher education that are discussed in the next parts of this article. The next part dedicated to the state of Iranian higher education. Here some of the problems and characters of Iranian higher education are discussed. At the end, some suggestions to develop the Iranian higher education system have been presented by the writer.
morteza farhadi
Volume 11, Issue 26 , August 2004, , Pages 1-23
Abstract
The structures of human behaviours-inspite of all complexities and differences-are not infinite, but are orderly and requlated, and can be considered universal. On the other hand, as human behaviours are formed not only by biological elements, but also by historical and cultural components, and therefore ...
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The structures of human behaviours-inspite of all complexities and differences-are not infinite, but are orderly and requlated, and can be considered universal. On the other hand, as human behaviours are formed not only by biological elements, but also by historical and cultural components, and therefore are not randomly created. Behavioural similarities in human beings and their structured forms, may be covered through their variations in the appearances.
During the past four decades, the writer has realized that people all over the world reveal similar cooperative behaviours theoughout human history. In fact, primitive forms of such a cooperation and participation can be observed among animals. This article tries to demonstrate that "Cooperation" is ubiquitous in human societies.
mohammad hoseyn panahi
Volume 11, Issue 27 , November 2004, , Pages 1-41
Abstract
Nowadays, due to young population, generation gap is one of the important topics in Iran. Many believe that socialization is not taking place properly causing weaker commitment of the new generation to the Iranian social beliefs, values and norms, hence ending in a deep generation gap. The pupose of ...
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Nowadays, due to young population, generation gap is one of the important topics in Iran. Many believe that socialization is not taking place properly causing weaker commitment of the new generation to the Iranian social beliefs, values and norms, hence ending in a deep generation gap. The pupose of this article is to test this hypothesis, and evaluate the impact of education on generation gap. Based on theories, occurance of the Islamic revolution, and the ensuing rapid and widespread social changes, we could expect considerable generation gap. However, does the existing data support that? To answer this question, generation disparity and gap were distinguished, and each were divided into value and norm types. Using the exiting data analysis, we found that there was no significant value-generation gap while norm-generation gap was significant. Moreover, this study reveals that the impact of education on the existing generation gap, concerning selected values and norms, was not even, so that it strengthened some and weakened others.
mehdi mohsenian raad
Volume 12, Issue 28.29 , May 2005, , Pages 1-6
nematollah fazeli
Volume 12, Issue 30 , August 2005, , Pages 1-44
Abstract
Recent records of the Institute of Scientific Information (ISi) show that Iranian scientific productions in humanities are poor. Also, Shanghai University in China released a list of 500 most productive and internationally credited universities of the world in 2003. There was no mention of any Iranian ...
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Recent records of the Institute of Scientific Information (ISi) show that Iranian scientific productions in humanities are poor. Also, Shanghai University in China released a list of 500 most productive and internationally credited universities of the world in 2003. There was no mention of any Iranian university in this list. Also, recent statistics show that even the number of Iranian articles in humanities disciplines have been lessened since 1979. All these evidences are based on Iranian recorded articles in the ISi. Regarding these facts, humanities disciplines in Iran are currently facing a big challenge. Due to this challenge, the question that I want to examine and focus on in this article is "can we assess the sate of scientific production in Iranian humanities disciplines based on that criterion, meaning the article published in international journals and recoded in the ISi?" I have discussed that examining this question is theoretically and practically significant to development of Iranian humanities because it is related to some policies that· are now going on in Iranian higher education system, and it is epistemologically relevant to the nature of theses disciplines in Iran. I have argued that although publication in international academic journals is important and can show part of a country's contribution to world scientific community, it is by no means an adequate criterion to assess the overall state of humanities in Iran in particular and other non-Western countries in general. Doing so, I have argued that humanities disciplinary functions and culture are different from those of natural science disciplines. Humanities disciplines are comparatively Jess universal and more local than other disciplines. Also, there are some discourse and social differences between Western and non-Western humanities disciplines. These differences do not easily allow to non-Western academics to participate to European based knowledge discourses. In my opinion humanities disciplines are not science in the sense that we attribute this term to natural science disciplines. Therefore, we should evaluate the functions of humanities based on their role in a society's cultural dialogue, and how these disciplines help people to make sense their Iifeworld, rather than explaining and discovering universal laws. In the last section of the article I have proposed and discussed some policies and strategies such as internationalization of the higher education system, promoting academic socialization and literacy, and strengthening academic autonomy and freedom. These policies may provide an appropriate ground for promoting and advancing humanities in Iran.
mehdi mohsenian raad
Volume 12, Issue 31 , November 2005, , Pages 1-37
Abstract
In this paper, we first briefly review the evolution of the inter-cultural communication in the pre-ICT world. By emphasizing on the role of fatalism and free will beliefs in the inter-cultural communication, it has been shown that the system of inter-cultural communication used to be in a multi-polar ...
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In this paper, we first briefly review the evolution of the inter-cultural communication in the pre-ICT world. By emphasizing on the role of fatalism and free will beliefs in the inter-cultural communication, it has been shown that the system of inter-cultural communication used to be in a multi-polar fashion before the 13th century. The single-polar age started from the 14th century and ended up to the globalization era which was described by Herbert Marcel McLuhan as the era of living in a globalvillage . Although the global village was formed by a historical process by itself, but it made it much easier to run some communicational projects against other cultures. The second part of the paper considers the culturalimperialism and cultural invasion concepts. The cultural imperialism is the product of having a US-based single-polar system and the cultural invasion is due to some specific evolutions during the global village era; however it should be noted that the so called cultural invasion is in a great difference with the military invasion . By explaining some of the important differences, it has been shown that the current situation is actually a transient period which is anticipated to be followed by a different era within a few years. The upcoming stage is called the message bazaar as it has some interesting similarities with the oriental traditional bazaars. The last part of the paper describes some of the predicted features of the inter-cultural communication, especially the effect of hardware and software evolutions to ease the difficulties of having different languages, in the message bazaar. The pathology of entering to the so called bazaar is also studied.
kazem motamed nejhad; seyed mohammad mehi zadeh taleshi
Volume 13, Issue 36 , February 2007, , Pages 1-35
Abstract
the present article is an academic research which reviews and critically analyzes the discourse of four newspapers: "The New York Times", "The Guardian", "Le Munde" and "Die Welt" with the aim of understanding and criticizing the hidden and profound discourse and idelogy whtch influence the western "media ...
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the present article is an academic research which reviews and critically analyzes the discourse of four newspapers: "The New York Times", "The Guardian", "Le Munde" and "Die Welt" with the aim of understanding and criticizing the hidden and profound discourse and idelogy whtch influence the western "media function". The theoretical approach adopted by the research is the oriental ism ideology and discourse as a system of eastern representation in the west. Results inicate that "terrorism" and "Islamic fundamentalism" are the main iconographic stereotypes which arc used by the western press. These two stereotype actually represent Islam and Iran as a threat to peace, democracy and modernization. Continuous degradation and reduction of Iran as a kind of dual threat under the brand of Islamic fundarucntalisru and international terrorism would portray this country more dangerous than other "rogue" countries for the west and other spots of the world.
mohamad abdollahi; leyla sho;rai fard
Volume 14, Issue 37 , March 2007, , Pages 1-38
Abstract
Transplantation is transferring a cell tissue or a living organ from one person to another in a way that the function of the transferred organ remains the same. Nowadays Allograph transplantation products are some of the best and sometimes the only treatment of some diseases. These organs and tissues ...
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Transplantation is transferring a cell tissue or a living organ from one person to another in a way that the function of the transferred organ remains the same. Nowadays Allograph transplantation products are some of the best and sometimes the only treatment of some diseases. These organs and tissues are taken from people whose brain death has been testified by physicians. Removing organs and tissues will be possible through the person's will and consent (legal will, organ donation card, informing the family while he is alive or the consent of legal heirs). In our country due to a large number of brain deaths, one may expect a lot of organdonation s, but it's not true. The process of organ donation as a social action is under the influence of so many factors like Cultural and Social variables. It's impassible to try to solve the shortage of transplanting organs without knowing about the reasons and barriers against organ donation. This study aims at a cultural and social analysis of organ donation. In order to fulfill the objective of the research, a combined conceptual framework with and emphasis on Parson's social action theory has been arranged after reviewing sociological, logical, legal and religious perspectives and also reviewing empirical resources, according to which research hypotheses have been proposed. After defining concepts and maintaining suitable measures, their validity and reliability were tested. Finally, there is a the rest of the variables such as age, physical health gain, attitude, sex, socio-economic status are the next most important factors. Definition of key terms:
mohammad mehdi forghani; abdolrahman alizadeh
Volume 14, Issue 38.39 , February 2008, , Pages 1-29
Abstract
Computer games have been the first computer-based medium, which their prevalence in the last decades of the twentieth century has been astonishing. In fact, this medium has slowly become a potent rival of television, and has replaced it in the leisure time activities of children and the youth. This inquiry ...
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Computer games have been the first computer-based medium, which their prevalence in the last decades of the twentieth century has been astonishing. In fact, this medium has slowly become a potent rival of television, and has replaced it in the leisure time activities of children and the youth. This inquiry aims at studying the level of the youth s use of computers. Moreover, it studies the incentives, effects and background Affects of the use of computer games. The method of this study was survey, and the population consisted the students of the first three years of all high schools in Tehran. Using multi-level cluster sampling, about 400 questionnaires were filled out by students. According to the findings, 80.7 percent of tbe respondents bad been using computer games, most of wbom (about 46 percent) bad played tbe games daily or some days in a week. The findings also show that among the effects and incentives influencing the respondents' use of computer games were: education, releasing the restrictions of the real life, and peer group pressures. Generally speaking, those who use new media also, by and large, tend to use computer games
nauser salar zadeh; davoud hasan zadeh
Volume 13, Issue 33 , May 2006, , Pages 1-26
Abstract
This study investigates the effects of social capital on the job salisfaction of Tabriz primary schools teachers. Social capital and job satisfaction arc important in social welfare development. A random sample or 350 teachers were selected. Data was collected by means of questionnaire. For the measurement ...
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This study investigates the effects of social capital on the job salisfaction of Tabriz primary schools teachers. Social capital and job satisfaction arc important in social welfare development. A random sample or 350 teachers were selected. Data was collected by means of questionnaire. For the measurement of social capital Bullen and Onyx social capital scale, and for the measurement job satisfaction Bright Feld scale was used. Findings show that the social capital significantly influences the job satisfaction or teachers. There was no meaningful difference between females and males, in this regard. The regression analysi» of the social capital indicators on the rate of joh satisfaction shows that the indicators concerning the objective dimension of social capital has the highest effect upon juh satisfaction. Generally, indicators or social capital explained 16 percent of variance of job satisfaction.
ahmad mir abedini; kazem motamed nejhad
Volume 15, Issue 41 , August 2008, , Pages 1-34
Abstract
study of interrelationship between Friday Worship and Mass Media in presidency elections In this article, The authors try to answer 10 this question that what is the interrelationship between Friday Worship and mass media, specially TV, in the nine periods of presidency elections in Iran. This article ...
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study of interrelationship between Friday Worship and Mass Media in presidency elections In this article, The authors try to answer 10 this question that what is the interrelationship between Friday Worship and mass media, specially TV, in the nine periods of presidency elections in Iran. This article is derived from a Ph.D degree dissertation research project which has been done in the Social Science Faculty of Allameh Tabatabaie University, in March2008. The research is fundamental and descriptive The dada have been gathered by Q Methodology (Quanel). 30 academic researchers, expertises and profesors in sociology of religions, petites and communications in Iran, answerd to 63 questions. The results' analisis showed that, Friday Worship has very impertant role in guiding voters to voting boxes in presidential elections whichis the biggest political ritual in Iran, Friday Worship also helps state to govern in Country.
ahmad gol mohammadi
Volume 15, Issue 42.43 , February 2009, , Pages 1-12
Abstract
Not only place and time of Iran Islamic revolution occurrence was m anticipatable, but also it has some different features in comparison to othe (third world) revolutions. Because o this features, three decades of study o this event characterized with a kind of revision in coceptualization an explanation ...
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Not only place and time of Iran Islamic revolution occurrence was m anticipatable, but also it has some different features in comparison to othe (third world) revolutions. Because o this features, three decades of study o this event characterized with a kind of revision in coceptualization an explanation of revoution. In other words, Islamic revolution challenged routin explanations, so that kinds of structural, organizational and culture explanations alternatively replaced each other as dominant analytic, frameworks, This article seeks to show how these developments take place.
parviz ejlali
Volume 16, Issue 44 , May 2009, , Pages 1-47
Abstract
The aim of this paper is presenting an account of the development of the body of knowledge which so far has been known as planning theory. This branch of knowledge studies the major issues related to different kinds of planning. hough, the origin of planning practice was in Soviet Union , the first steps ...
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The aim of this paper is presenting an account of the development of the body of knowledge which so far has been known as planning theory. This branch of knowledge studies the major issues related to different kinds of planning. hough, the origin of planning practice was in Soviet Union , the first steps toward creating a set of theoretical axioms for justifying and explaining planning was taken in capitalist world and in the turn of the 20th century, These attempts were based on theory of Rationalization of Weber and ideas of Karl Manheim on the conscious administration of the society and economy. Since, in the realm of planning theory, there are competing theories with different philosophical-scientific as well as social-political backgrounds and arguments, so that in a study like this, one can neglect none of them, the only solution is using typologies. The first and most widely used typology of planning th Theory which explains the procedure of planning per se, irrespective of what we plan for, In other words, one group of theories discusses issues of planning methodology, and the other group is specialized in issues related to subjects of plans. Furthermore, Falludi strongly believed that procedural theory is the area of specialization of planners rather than substantive which has its own specialists (economists, sociologists etc.). Therefore, for him procedural theory is the real planning theory. Falludi typology was seriously criticized by many authors (especially in second half of 1970s and first half of 1980s. These criticisms Jed to suggestion of new typologies. In 1980, Nigel Taylor recognized two classes of theories related to planning: sociological and philosophical. In fact by coined these two terms, he tried to distinguish between descriptive theoretical statements and statements with prescriptive nature. Later. In 1983,Cooke explained three kinds of theories: 1) Development process !heories,2)Planning process !heories,3)Theories of Government. As a matter of fact, he tried his best to put all challenging issues related to planning in his package. In the last year of 1980s Yiftachel suggested a six- dimentional model of planning theories. This typology is based on two criteria: first whether the the theory is explanative or prescriptive, and second whether the theory is about analysing the nature of planning subject or it is about the form of planning product(the plan itself)or is related to the procedure of planning. The result would be six types of planning theory: 1) analytical-explanative, 2) formal-explanative, 3) procedural-explanative, 4) analytical prescriptive, 5) formal-prescriptive, 6) procedural-prescriptive. In 1990s postmodernism took the lead everywhere. Among post modern planning theorists, Allmendinger recognized five types of planning theories as follows: Social scientific philosophy, Social theory, exogenous theory, framing theory and indigenous theory. In this decade we witness an escape from complicated typologies and more or less a return to Falludi's with some modifications. As a conclusion in this paper we present a typology of planning theories which can embrace all theoretical endeavors related to major planning issues as planning theories with no hierarchy among them.
ali sai
Volume 16, Issue 45 , August 2009, , Pages 1-23
Abstract
In this article electoral participation was analyzed in 9'h Iranian presidential election. The article claims that, the rate of electoral participation has problematic variation in the country's. Through critical reasoning. this paper initially tries to prove that electoral participation is a problematic ...
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In this article electoral participation was analyzed in 9'h Iranian presidential election. The article claims that, the rate of electoral participation has problematic variation in the country's. Through critical reasoning. this paper initially tries to prove that electoral participation is a problematic event in Iran, and then considers the following research question: How can the degree of variations in electoral participation be explained in Iran ?" In response to this question, based on theoretical approaches of Diamond. Huntington, and Lipset, the following hypothesis is proposed: "the higher the level of educational development, the higher the degree of electoral participation". In the next step. the research hypothesis was tested by regression analysis method. Empirical findings revealed that the correlation coefficient of electoral participation with educational development was equal to 0.69, and that the proportion of the variation of electoral participation that is explained was equal to.48 .
morteza farhadi
Volume 16, Issue 46 , November 2009, , Pages 1-39
Abstract
Whereas muscular moves of the body are considered as cultural phenomenon according to Marcel Maus, participatory and antiparncipatory behaviors of human beings which range from sacrificing cooperation to war and selfish quarrels are undoubtedly considered as cultural. On the other hand, there is a longstanding ...
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Whereas muscular moves of the body are considered as cultural phenomenon according to Marcel Maus, participatory and antiparncipatory behaviors of human beings which range from sacrificing cooperation to war and selfish quarrels are undoubtedly considered as cultural. On the other hand, there is a longstanding mutual relation between cultures and religious teachings. The Iranian culture is one of the rare world cultures which have entered the realm of monotheistic religions for several thousand years. These teachings have been influential both in quantitative and qualitative aspects of cooperation in this culture. One can assume that in line with the transition from religions believing in embodied gods to those believing in transcendent gods, objective and opportunistic participation has been shifted toward purer forms of cooperation which are free from materialistic and profit seeking purposes and tends toward status seeking, satisfactory and otherworldly purposes. It seems that special characteristics of helping in the Iranian culture and the manifestation of religious teachings in this culture have provided the ground for the Iranians' expectations to transcend self-help and mutual help (aspired by western social activists of cooperatives) and tend towards other-help cooperation. Part of this other-help cooperation has been common in the everyday life of Iranians across the history and another part of it has been especially manifested in the tradition of endowment (both in Zoroastrian and Islam). Non-yokefellow other-help foundations across history have encompassed a wide range of humanitarian and philanthropic goals other than mere religious ones and include various needs of human beings. The range of these goals has even sometimes extended to animals and plants. Reflection in these embodied forms of helps could also be useful from a theoretical perspective for the recent history of cooperation and lack of cooperation in the Iranian culture up to the spring of 20 I 0.
mohammad saeed zakaai; payam rowshan fekr
Volume 12, Issue 32 , February 2006, , Pages 1-37
Abstract
Reliance of local community on its own resources for promoting quality of life and resolving its collective problems has been the Focus of schools such as communitarianists, JH:!\V right, new left and the third ,vay. The basis of these approaches is enhancing capacities and mobilizing resources on a ...
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Reliance of local community on its own resources for promoting quality of life and resolving its collective problems has been the Focus of schools such as communitarianists, JH:!\V right, new left and the third ,vay. The basis of these approaches is enhancing capacities and mobilizing resources on a local level. It seems that cognitive and structural social capital together serve as suitable analytical concepts for identifying the potential for prcsocial behaviours and sociahvelfarc in different communities. Any measurement cf social capital, therefore, implies measurement of a society's potential to govern itself. Drawing on both micro (personal) and macro (urban areas) levels, the present paper aims at showing factors affecting social capital in different urban districts, and the relationship of social capital with other capitals. The findings indicate the structural variation of social capital in different urban districts. Social capital on both subjective and structural levels is directly related to physical capital.
alireza shojaee zand
Volume 15, Issue 40 , March 2008, , Pages 1-139
Abstract
Truths are unchangeable entities if perceived definitely, but the theories explaining them, are often exposed to constant transformations. Varieties of Sociological theories of religion, and the stages of their evolution, is the subject of the present paper. The attempt has been made to describe the ...
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Truths are unchangeable entities if perceived definitely, but the theories explaining them, are often exposed to constant transformations. Varieties of Sociological theories of religion, and the stages of their evolution, is the subject of the present paper. The attempt has been made to describe the evolutionary conditions and the characteristics of each stage of theorization, the deficiencies of each approach, and the requirements for promotion of the existing theories. This endeavor, however, does not intend to develop a new theory, rather it reviews the existing theoriesm and paves the way for their transformation to a higher level.
jafar hezar jaribi
Volume 16, Issue 47 , February 2009, , Pages 1-35
Abstract
This article studies entrepreneurship from Islamic instructions viewpoint. Likewise Islamic policymaking for all social and religious behaviors, religious ethics and religious values emphasize on labor, effort and development in human society. God has appointed human to work and make effort in the Holly ...
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This article studies entrepreneurship from Islamic instructions viewpoint. Likewise Islamic policymaking for all social and religious behaviors, religious ethics and religious values emphasize on labor, effort and development in human society. God has appointed human to work and make effort in the Holly Quran Instructions. Main questions of this article point to the position of entrepreneurship in religion .Also the reasons and the ways that Islamic instructions invite human to labor and effort. The method of studies in this article is theoretical and documentary adherence applying valid Islamic resources. Findings of this survey are given with entrepreneurship approach and based on Islamic instructions in the Holly Quran and treatment of the Innocents (Peace of God be upon them). The findings of this survey represent that entrepreneurship features may manifest in the behavior of all human beings and Islamic ethics is effective in entrepreneurship. From this point of view, there is no difference among different people. Although power of will, big effort, self assertion, independency and human greatness are base of this rise and development. On this basis, effort of each human will build his future life in the world after death.
vahid naghdi
Abstract
This research is a comparative survey of harmonious development in South Asian countries. In this research, the role of four basic, top-level variables in the harmonious development of these countries is examined in four different social aspects. A fuzzy comparative analysis5 is used, andpaths to follow ...
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This research is a comparative survey of harmonious development in South Asian countries. In this research, the role of four basic, top-level variables in the harmonious development of these countries is examined in four different social aspects. A fuzzy comparative analysis5 is used, andpaths to follow and not to follow in the course of development are explored. Results of the study showed that the development process of these countries was affected by a mixed causal connection of the following four variables: economic freedom, weak government, cultural heterogeneity, and principled population. Based on the findings of the study, in the South Asian and comparable countries, economic freedom as a single factor does not lead to a harmonious development, and it requires certain circumstances alongside in order that the development will be harmonious. The findings indicate that a strong government and its measures operate as an independent variable with strong and efficient influences on the process of development. In case the government is weak and its performance inefficient, then other causal connections of the other three variables, i.e. cultural heterogeneity, economic freedom and, most particularly, a principled and orderly population, can bring about a harmonious development. Among the latter three variables, the role of a principled population is crucial and it is a necessary condition for attaining to a harmonious development.
mohamad zahediasl
Abstract
"Life Quality" is a complex and multidimensional concept for which several various methods are presented to evaluate. While Scandinavian approach has explained it as objective condition, American approach has provided a definition of "life quality" in which people's understanding of their status is concerned. ...
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"Life Quality" is a complex and multidimensional concept for which several various methods are presented to evaluate. While Scandinavian approach has explained it as objective condition, American approach has provided a definition of "life quality" in which people's understanding of their status is concerned. According to the studies of Merser Organization in 2006, the index of "life quality" in Tehran is ranked as 177 among 215 big cities (metropolis). Accordingly, this research has been done to study the householder's "life quality" in Tehran and the relation of social capital with it. The research which was carried out in summer 2007 was done on 400 householders settled in different areas of Tehran. Using the questionnaire of the World Health Organization, "life quality" has been examined. The variations related to social capital, have been made through "Trust" and "Cooperation" categories and also made based on the researcher's expressions. Then they have been studied. Regarding different theories, the relation between four dimensions of life quality and both of social capital categories have been studied. The result has suggested that there are important relations between life quality and also its four dimensions with social capital. Besides, some suggestions are presented at the end of the article.
mohamad abdolahi
Abstract
This meta analysis includes 50 articles concerning national identity. These are the main articles which have been introduced by the Bibliography of Social Identity published in 2009. All information of these articles has been extracted by the means of a form comprised of 22 questions. The information ...
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This meta analysis includes 50 articles concerning national identity. These are the main articles which have been introduced by the Bibliography of Social Identity published in 2009. All information of these articles has been extracted by the means of a form comprised of 22 questions. The information was analysed by quantitative and qualitative techniques. The findings indicate that the most of articles have explanatory characteristic, but 90 percent of them do not have any literature review. The dominant paradigms of these articles are reductionistic with superficial qualitative methods. Regarding a few of these articles, the national identity is an old and essential phenomenon, but in the majority of them national identity is a new emergent phenomenon coincided with the process of modernization, globalization and the formation of modern state in Iran. Todays this national identity is changing and getting into crisis. This crisis has been explained differently in these articles. In spite of some weaknesses of these articles such as the theoretical and methodological reductionism, they have some strong points such as paying attention to the historical, cultural, religious, social and political dimensions of national identity, describing and explaining the past, present and the future state of national identity and the process of it׳s changes.
mohamadhosein panahi
Abstract
Political culture, as an aspect of public culture, is a system of political values, attitudes and knowledge by which people interpret their political engagements. The main question of this research was to study the social factors that explain variations of political culture of Golestan Province of Iran. ...
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Political culture, as an aspect of public culture, is a system of political values, attitudes and knowledge by which people interpret their political engagements. The main question of this research was to study the social factors that explain variations of political culture of Golestan Province of Iran. Using quantitative and qualitative methods, Data was collected from a random sample of 562 individuals, living in the cities of the Golestan Province of Iran. Results showed that the society had various political cultures. Also some factors such as educational level, societal security, religion and gender could relatively explain the changes of the political culture and its differences in the society.
mehdi mohsenianrad
Mohammadbagher Beheshti; Leila Nasrollahi
Abstract
Social capital is an interdisciplinary concept that nowadays is denoted in the economic and social studies of modern societies. Addressing this concept in the economic development discussions shows the important effect of structures and social relationships among peoples (social capital) on development ...
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Social capital is an interdisciplinary concept that nowadays is denoted in the economic and social studies of modern societies. Addressing this concept in the economic development discussions shows the important effect of structures and social relationships among peoples (social capital) on development variables in all aspects. The purpose of the current study is to analyze the dynamic role of social capital in the process of development in societies. This study emphasizes that the existence of social capital in a society can significantly effect on development in the society. This study, tries to propose a dynamic model to analyze the dynamics of social capital, using system thinking and dynamic systems modeling. System dynamic is a technique that allows us to model complex and nonlinear systems. Further, in order to understand the model relationships, scenario approach was used. Results indicated that social capital can affect social and economic development through a complex and dynamic mechanism.
