Sociology
ali Ayar; Moosa Anbari
Abstract
Using the critical ethnographic method, this study examines the effect of development interventions on the social sphere and economic activity of local communities in Ilam and Lorestan provinces. The findings of the research show that the development has put the pre-intervention ecosystem which was dominated ...
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Using the critical ethnographic method, this study examines the effect of development interventions on the social sphere and economic activity of local communities in Ilam and Lorestan provinces. The findings of the research show that the development has put the pre-intervention ecosystem which was dominated by the social issue under the attack of the economic issue. In the process of development intervention, the cultural capacities and traditions that connect and help local economic perceptions have been neglected, and instead official and capital-oriented government programs have been expanded in objective and subjective dimensions; The result of the weakening of popular traditions is the rise of new pseudo-technocratic groups that consider local cultural values such as hard work, contentment, cooperation, and generosity as symbols of backwardness. In fact, native activists, as new self-directed productive managers, have become those who are caught in the trap of donations, loans and hires to market their labor force and provide their livelihood. In order to show this reduction, we have used the metaphor of a walnut tree as a symbol of a hardworking, connected and diligent nature-oriented society, and a eucalyptus tree as a symbol of borrowed intervention, a consumerist, pretentious and discrete society,
Hamzeh Nowzari
Abstract
The theory of rational choice of economics in the analysis of economic action faces two basic problems. The problem of validity, that is, the empirical confirmation of its basic principles, and the problem of subjectivity, that is, the ability and capacity to pay simultaneous attention to the social ...
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The theory of rational choice of economics in the analysis of economic action faces two basic problems. The problem of validity, that is, the empirical confirmation of its basic principles, and the problem of subjectivity, that is, the ability and capacity to pay simultaneous attention to the social and mental factors of the actor. Different sociological traditions have tried to express different perspectives on the analysis of economic action. But these sociological approaches have explained at an analytical level different from the theory of rational choice of economic action, so they have not been a suitable alternative. The main question of the research is whether economic sociology can provide an analysis that in analyzing economic behavior simultaneously pays attention to social factors and active mentality, calculation and routines? The theoretical framework of this research is the relational approach and the way of interaction, action and situation structure, calculating mentality and routines. The research method is documentary and based on critical interpretation and review of the main sociological texts in order to analyze the theoretical approach of the sociological tradition to the theory of rational choice and the possibility of a suitable alternative to it. The two concepts of practical reasons and routines in Bourdieu and Schutz theories in two different theoretical traditions can provide a suitable sociological explanation for economic action. Schutz's theory is a good alternative for explaining economic action because of the simultaneous analysis of calculation and routines.
