Morteza Parvizan; Jafar Hezarjaribi
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the type of interpretation of domestic violence by domestic violence and the type of exposure to domestic violence. Researchers have semi-structured interviews with thirty women who had previously been subjected to domestic violence, considering the field of interest ...
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The present study aimed to investigate the type of interpretation of domestic violence by domestic violence and the type of exposure to domestic violence. Researchers have semi-structured interviews with thirty women who had previously been subjected to domestic violence, considering the field of interest (economic, cultural and social), and after conducting interviews in the dominant text, using the qualitative approach of encoded theorem theory Concepts and mining of central issues. . After examining the variety of women's perceptions of domestic violence and interviewing, most of the concepts related to the category of "physical violence" were "emotional violence" financial violence, which is also explained by the variables underlying the researchers' point of view, so that many Women who had reacted in the face of domestic violence had low education, poor support networks, high adherence to cultural traditions and rural and marginalized villages, and more physical and financial violence against women. This is evident the need to assign a different type of service The psychological and cultural support organizations are in these areas.
Social Work
Mansour Fathi; Asiyeh Madahipour
Abstract
The present study was done with the aim of analyzing the experience of the elderly from domestic violence and how to face it. The research method is qualitative. The participants were 18 elderly people with experience of domestic violence in Dehdasht city who were selected through purposive sampling. ...
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The present study was done with the aim of analyzing the experience of the elderly from domestic violence and how to face it. The research method is qualitative. The participants were 18 elderly people with experience of domestic violence in Dehdasht city who were selected through purposive sampling. The data collection method was a semi-structured in-depth interview and thematic analysis technique was used to analyze the data. The obtained results revealed three main themes of diverse violence (physical, mental, neglect and financial exploitation), emotional stagnation and traumatic relationships and the (dominant) strategy of passivity and submission in the face of violence shows. Educating families on how to properly interact with the elderly, getting to know their needs and how to take care of them, providing a context for the elderly to interact with each other and the society and reducing their isolation and social exclusion, assigning a telephone consultation line for the elderly and providing information in this field, forming a bank Comprehensive information on the elderly and identification of the elderly at risk of injury and violence and professional interventions by social workers are among the effective policy recommendations in preventing and reducing elder abuse.Keywords: Lived Experience, Elder Abuse, Domestic Violence, Social Problem, Policy Recommendation.IntroductionThe escalating global aging population, coupled with evolving family structures and functions, has created a conducive environment for elder abuse. Elder abuse encompasses physical, neglectful, financial, or psychological mistreatment, resulting in detrimental consequences for the elderly such as decreased self-esteem, despair, and physical and mental health issues. Given the rising trend of the elderly population in Iran, the city of Dehdasht is no exception. This is necessary to focus on the needs and rights of this group. Although the number of elderly care facilities has increased in recent years, due to prevailing cultural norms and the social stigma associated with institutionalizing the elderly, only a small portion of the capacity of the sole elderly care facility in Dehdasht is occupied. Considering that elder abuse in Iran often remains hidden due to cultural factors and the occurrence of abuse within the privacy of homes by family members, and has not received sufficient attention from experts, policymakers, and support organizations. This study aims to explore the elderly's experiences of domestic violence and their coping mechanisms.Conceptual frameworkSince domestic violence is perpetrated within families by caregivers of the elderly, it is essential to consider the nature of these relationships. The social-ecological theory, which examines individual interactions and societal relationships and how they influence health, is one such theory. Structural theory of the family focuses on the structure and organization of families and the role of each member. Intergenerational violence theory can also provide insights, suggesting that perpetrators of elder abuse may have been victims of abuse themselves or witnessed abusive behaviour in their own families. Finally, the life course theory posits that to better understand the elderly, we must engage with them effectively and consider their past lives through life story reviews.MethodologyThis qualitative study involved 18 elderly individuals from Dehdasht with experiences of domestic violence, who were selected through purposive sampling. Inclusion criteria included: alertness and willingness to participate, ability to communicate, age 60 or older, absence of psychological disorders, and a history of being abused by family members. Data was collected through semi-structured in-depth interviews, and thematic analysis was employed to analyze the data. In order to comply with the ethical principles, the necessary information regarding the objectives of the research, preservation of anonymity and personal identity, and the right to withdraw from the research were provided to the participants.Findings:The data analysis showed that most participants faced significant financial difficulties and had low incomes. A majority of the interviewees were widows. Additionally, many were illiterate. A total of 73 initial codes were derived from the interviews, which were eventually categorized into 10 subthemes and ultimately three main themes. The main themes identified were diverse forms of abuse (physical, psychological, neglect, and financial exploitation), emotional stagnation and damaged relationships (selective rejection and internal fragmentation), and the predominant coping strategy of passivity and submission in the face of abuse.DiscussionThe findings from the elderly's lived experiences of domestic violence indicate that their lives are marked by suffering. The presence of physical, psychological, neglectful, and financial abuse inflicted by family members results in significant physical, psychological, emotional, and financial pain. Moral and ethical deviations within society and between generations have led to a distorted understanding of relationships between the elderly and their children. The elderly have lived in a moral-cultural framework that differs significantly from contemporary Iranian society in transition. As a result, respect for the elderly have been replaced by a more rational approach that does not prioritize respect for the elderly, conflicting with the elderly's expectations of a respectful moral code. This conflict ultimately causes distress for the elderly.Based on the findings, it can be concluded that most elderly individuals adopt a passive and submissive stance towards their families' abuse. This may be attributed to feelings of powerlessness, physical weakness, low levels of awareness, and religious beliefs. Physical and mental weakness can contribute to submission to the demands and abuse of family members. Educating families about how to interact appropriately with the elderly, understanding their needs and how to care for them, creating opportunities for the elderly to interact with each other and society, reducing social isolation and rejection, establishing a special telephone helpline for the elderly and providing information in this regard, creating a comprehensive database of the elderly, identifying elderly individuals at risk of abuse and violence, and conducting professional interventions by social workers are among the most effective policy recommendations for preventing and reducing elder abuse.AcknowledgmentsThe authors thank all participants in this study.Contribution of authorsAll authors have been actively involved in writing all sections of this article.FundsThis article was written independently and no financial support was received from any organization to write it.Conflict of interest According to the authors, there is no conflict of interest in this article.Principles of research ethicsResearchers in this study followed all the principles of research ethics in all stages
Sociology
Ali Feizolahi; Somayeh sadat Shafiei; khalil kamarbeigi; Zahra Raiisi
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to identify the reasons and consequences of experiencing violence in the lives of battered women. The research is qualitative and based on the method of grounded theory. The target population of the research is the battered women who refer to the social ...
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The purpose of this study is to identify the reasons and consequences of experiencing violence in the lives of battered women. The research is qualitative and based on the method of grounded theory. The target population of the research is the battered women who refer to the social emergency of the Behzisti⸴s organization of Ilam city, and a sample of 24 of them has been selected using the purposive sampling method. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews and then coding. Findings indicate the role of familial factors such as learned violence, problematic marriage practices; Social and Economical factors; and intervening factors such as mutual infidelity and deviancy have been two-way. Women's reactions are mainly actions containing passivity, and the usual perception of the role of a continuous victim for women is its consequence. The core category of "domestic violence against women is the product of the interaction of women's experience of economic deprivation and the social structure of men's idea of patriarchy" which is the result of family management in the context of maintaining the functions of patriarchal culture along with the structural transmission of violence in the cultural mechanism.Keywords: Domestic Violence, Patriarchal Culture, Aggrieved Woman, Ilam. IntroductionThe domestic violence against women has had a history in society in during of centuries. Thus domestic violence against women is one of the social issues that can be seen in all societies and numerous reports have confirmed this issue in Iran as well. in general, it has affected the institution of the family and the society. but it has been discussed mainly as a social issue in the last century. “Typically, social problems have been thought of as social situations that a large number of observers felt were inappropriate and needed remedying” (Eitzen, Zinn and Smith, 2012:9(.Some theories consider the subject of domestic violence to be problematic as a modern matter and consider it to be a problem arising from the perception and understanding of the society and important social groups of its problematic nature. The researches conducted in recent years about the different types of violence indicate that domestic violence against women is problematic. the main goal of this research is to understand the phenomenon of domestic violence from the perspective of women who have experienced violence. Therefore, the research questions revolve around the subject under which causal conditions and contexts have the subjects been victims of spousal violence? What strategies did they used to deal with these violent acts and what consequences did bring to them? Literature ReviewThe theories and theoretical concepts whose main core is to explain the matter of violence against women can be grouped into two main categories: some of them have emphasized the individual characteristics of perpetrators and victims of violence, and others have emphasized the structural characteristics of society. In this research, the following concepts have been selected to create theoretical sensitivity: resources and power imbalance; blaming the victim (Gracia & Tomás, 2014), learned violence (Jasinski,2001), the ideology of male dominance (Goode, 1971: quoted by Kim and Sung, 2000), feminist perspective (Renzetti, Edleson & Bergen, 2001), exchange theory (Turner, 2014), The Battered Woman Syndrome (Walker:1984), the concepts of forced control (Stark, 2007), resource imbalance, dependence and bargaining power (Kim and Gray, 2008) have been selected and have been considered in the analysis of research findings.MethodologyThe research is qualitative and based on the method of grounded theory. The target population of the research is the battered women who refer to the social emergency of the Behzisti⸴s organization of Ilam city, and a sample of 24 of them has been selected using the purposive sampling method. Acceptability criteria has been used for validation and being trustworthy was achieved through auditing method. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews and then coding.ResultsFindings indicate the role of familial factors such as learned violence, problematic marriage practices, Lack of familial support; Social factors such as the patriarchal image, erosion of social capital; Economic factors such as coincidence of Livelihood hardships; and intervening factors such as Interference of others, mutual infidelity and deviancy have been two-way. Women's reactions are mainly actions containing passivity, and Victimization of children, scared life and usual perception of the role of a victim for women is its consequence.ConclusionThe result of the process of domestic violence against women can be analyzed under the title "Domestic violence against women is a product of the incompatibility of the institutional interaction caused by the experience of economic deprivation of women and the social structure of patriarchy in the victim-blaming society". The incompatibility of institutional interaction indicates the malfunctioning of the social institutions of the family, economy and cultural system in the target society of the study. In other words, when the patriarchal postulate mixes with the lived experience of women's economic deprivation and immingled with the cultural approach of blaming the victim society, it causes the situational violence against women to be ignored. In addition, it should be noted that such a phenomenon occurs in a society where tradition and modernity are continuously interacting with each other. Tradition and modernity are co-integrated in this society in such a way that they form an interwoven mosaic society that is experiencing the challenges of modernization and types of individualization. The permanence and stability of the idea of patriarchy in this society is rooted in the way that women in such a society link traditional expectations with modern life. In other words, this particular type of social and cultural structure as well as women's selective strategies against domestic violence, along with the destructive consequences of violence on women's lives, leads to continuation of the cultural foundations of accepting domestic violence against women.
