Sociology
fateme namiyan; muhammad amirpanahi
Abstract
Numerous studies have been conducted regarding women's sense of social security; however, the findings in this field are scattered, isolated, diverse, and lack interconnection.Given the importance of this issue, an effort has been made to answer the question of what sociological factors generally ...
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Numerous studies have been conducted regarding women's sense of social security; however, the findings in this field are scattered, isolated, diverse, and lack interconnection.Given the importance of this issue, an effort has been made to answer the question of what sociological factors generally affect women's feelings of social security and to what extent these factors explain it, in order to summarize and align the results of the research. The research methodology is a quantitative meta-analysis using the CMA2 software. The aim of this method is to provide coherence, a systematic review, and standardization of studies conducted in a specific research field. The statistical population consists of 25 studies conducted in the 2010s, selected for meeting the statistical conditions required for the research, with the goal of combining and identifying the extent of the impact of variables. The findings of the study indicate that women's feelings of social security, as the main dependent variable, are influenced by factors such as media usage, social trust, cultural capital, social cohesion, social participation, poverty, and women's subordination. Each of these variables has been able to explain a portion of the changes in women's security.
Keywords: women's sense of social security, Meta-Analysis, Cultural Capital, Social Participation, Poverty, And Subordination.
Introduction
The sense of social security in women, as one of the important indicators of social development and quality of life, has attracted the attention of researchers and policymakers in recent years. In Iran, despite efforts to improve social security, women still face numerous challenges in this area. The feeling of security refers to an individual's experience and perception of the security situation in their environment. This feeling can be influenced by various factors, such as past experiences, available information in society, and the level of trust in social institutions and other individuals. Despite numerous studies on sense of social security among women in Iran, the results of these studies sometimes appear contradictory and scattered. These differences may arise from variations in methodology, sampling, or different definitions of the feeling of security. Therefore, conducting a comprehensive meta-analysis of these studies could help identify common patterns, influential factors, and research gaps.
Research Question(s)
What sociological factors have influenced women's sense of social security?To what extent do these factors explain it?
Literature Review
This study, as a meta-analytic research, does not follow a specific theoretical framework. Therefore, the discussions related to theoretical foundations and concepts associated with the research topic are primarily aimed at familiarizing and acquainting with the conceptual and theoretical space of the studies examined in this research. Consequently, a conceptual or theoretical framework is not relevant here. Concepts such as sense of social security, social factors, structural conditions, gender, etc., constitute the conceptual space of the research. Initially, in order to better understand the conceptual space of social security, we will examine its distinction from other forms of security. Then, by exploring the concept of social security, the most important theoretical approaches that have been used in the studies reviewed in the meta-analysis will be introduced.
Methodology
The present study is a (quantitative) meta-analysis. Meta-analysis is the combination, integration, and unification of studies conducted in a specific field. This method is used for systematic review. There are two major families of effect sizes, d and r. In the (d) family, there are three important and relatively similar elements, namely (d) Cohen (1977), (g) Hedges (1987), and Glass delta. The statistical population of the present study is all research conducted in Iran from 2011 to 2019 on the subject of women's security, which has been registered in the scientific databases (SID), (Noormags), and (Magiran). From more than 36 identified studies on "women's sense of social security", finally 25 research documents were selected that fit the criteria of quantitative meta-analysis (correlation coefficient, sample size, significance level, research quality, research validity and reliability, survey). After initial classification, typology, and description of the studies, research variables that were repeated more than twice in the studies were entered into the CMA2 software to determine the effect size and its correlation coefficient.
Conclusion
The factors identified in this study—media usage, social trust, cultural capital, social cohesion, social participation, poverty, and women's subordination—provide valuable insights into the complex outlook of women's sense of security in Iranian society. The conclusion of this meta-analysis indicates that women's feelings of social security in Iran are influenced by a complex interaction of factors, including the impact of media, social trust, cultural capital, social cohesion, participation, and economic vulnerability.
By addressing the multidimensional factors identified in this study, a society can be approached where women feel empowered, secure, and equal in shaping their own future.
Sociology
Mohammad Amirpanahi; Fatemeh Namiyan
Abstract
The basic challenge of poverty reduction policies in Iran is to present a true and real picture of this phenomenon. Although many studies have been conducted in the field of poverty, most of the studies have been isolated, diverse and unrelated, and often concentrated on the field of economics. ...
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The basic challenge of poverty reduction policies in Iran is to present a true and real picture of this phenomenon. Although many studies have been conducted in the field of poverty, most of the studies have been isolated, diverse and unrelated, and often concentrated on the field of economics. It makes it difficult to consider poverty in other dimensions. Due to the importance of understanding poverty and verifying the studies done, this study seeks for a comprehensive understanding of the phenomenon of poverty using meta-analysis and the study seeks to answer the question of what are the general factors affecting poverty and what are the shortcomings of poverty studies. The statistical population was 45 studies between the 2001-2021, of which 32 studies were selected based on sampling criteria. The findings of the research show that the studies of poverty in Iran are mainly focused on the field of economics and are descriptive, scattered, isolated and lack synergy. Even where they have focused on the causes of poverty, they are based on non-structural factors of poverty rather than deep structor of variables. These causes are: inflation, unemployment, lack of skills, economic capital, gender, dependency burden, social capital and education.
