Fatemeh Ghareh Hasanloo; Zahra Mirhosseini
Abstract
This study aims to analyze the context forming gender inequality in the job market and employment through a phenomenological qualitative approach based on the lived experiences of women living in Tehran. Hence, a semi-structured interview was conducted on 23 women from 18 to 68 years old, who were selected ...
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This study aims to analyze the context forming gender inequality in the job market and employment through a phenomenological qualitative approach based on the lived experiences of women living in Tehran. Hence, a semi-structured interview was conducted on 23 women from 18 to 68 years old, who were selected through purposive sampling to analyze the context of gender inequality in the job market and employment. Colaizzi’s method of data analysis was utilized. Additionally, coding the text of the interviews was done manually. In total, three categories, ten subcategories, and 59 concepts were extracted. According to the research results, the “Belief in gendered division of labor” category, consisting of “The breadwinning of men,” “Femininity and its necessities,” and “The status of women in private” subcategories; the “Institualization of women’s inferiority” category, consisting of “the socialization of women,” “the submission of women,” and “male-oriented gender stereotypes” subcategories; and the “predominance of patriarchal paradigms” category, consisting of “belief in the superiority of men,” “the domination of men,” “the innate empowerment of men,” and “neglecting the power of women in the job market” subcategories are some of the context forming this phenomenon, which has been reinforced in the cultural context ruling over society and families while they are constantly being produced and reproduced.
Sociology
Zahra Mirhosseini; Elaheh Ghorbani
Abstract
The phenomenon of labor children is one of the social problems that has attracted the attention of many researchers in recent years. However, in many cases, the female children of labor having been neglected. In the present paper, it has been attempted to investigate the lived experience of female ...
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The phenomenon of labor children is one of the social problems that has attracted the attention of many researchers in recent years. However, in many cases, the female children of labor having been neglected. In the present paper, it has been attempted to investigate the lived experience of female children of labor using a qualitative research method and conducting phenomenological studies. To this end, in-depth qualitative interviews were conducted with 23 girls of 6 to 16 years of age who had the lived experience of both working and living on the street. The research findings show that the girls’ perception and description of work on the street and the understanding of their narratives can be categorized into four main themes: “Contextual and ethnic characteristics”, “Typology of daily activities based on gender”, “Spatial domains of work”, and “Skills and techniques”. The research findings also show that the backgrounds and contexts of girls’ work on the street can be categorized into the following four categories: “Living in disintegrated families”, “Poverty and helplessness”, “Girls’ labor as support for the family”, and “The double exploitation and strict control of female children of labor”.
