Sara Yousefikhah; Rooholah Ghasemi
Abstract
This article investigates that in what discourse the social issues of the border dwellers do not become problematic. We have chosen the theory of Orientalism (internal) in order to explain the non-problematization of social issues. According to this theory, the general approach of the center is alienation ...
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This article investigates that in what discourse the social issues of the border dwellers do not become problematic. We have chosen the theory of Orientalism (internal) in order to explain the non-problematization of social issues. According to this theory, the general approach of the center is alienation in the peripheral (border) areas, and by creating dualities (linguistic, ethnic and religious), it attempts to securitization of space and implement the policy of assimilation. The general research method is the historical-documentary method. The analysis of media representation shows that out of 781 search items (from 2000 to 2021), the most news about the economic field with 456 news (58%), followed by the security field with 283 news (36%) and then the social and cultural issues of the border dwellers are only 28 news (3.5%), which is an indication of the non-existence of the social issues of the border dwellers. According to the findings, the most prominent social issues of the border areas are massive migrations, the existence of multidimensional poverty, high illiteracy rate, educational situation and inappropriate health treatment situation. The main issue in the current policies is, first, the approach of alienation, and at a lower level, the emphasis is on economic factors and solutions. Economic solutions have not been successful due to weak laws and implementation defects. The suggestion of this research is to adopt a pluralistic approach and simultaneously pay attention to the internal capabilities of bordering regions, villages and cities, such as paying attention to the agricultural economy, expanding welfare services (educational and health), expanding the individual capabilities of people and paying attention to the social development of these areas.
Sociology
vahid shalchi; rohollah ghasemi
Abstract
From 40’s on, Iran has earned most of its revenue from oil. Oil prices have seen multiplying increases in certain periods. During the time of these increases, contrary to the expectation that this increased revenue be spent on development, the policies employed by the state have created more issues ...
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From 40’s on, Iran has earned most of its revenue from oil. Oil prices have seen multiplying increases in certain periods. During the time of these increases, contrary to the expectation that this increased revenue be spent on development, the policies employed by the state have created more issues and problems for the country. The state policies during oil booms have a direct effect on social institutions and the institutional framework. In this study, the effect of state policies on social institutions of economy and politics during the years 1973-1977 and 2005-2010 shall be investigated. The main question of the study is the reason for the similarities in state policies for social institutions during these two periods. The purpose is to recognize the reasons regarding why these two governments, despite their ideological, structural and historical differences, have taken similar decisions during oil price shocks, and that these policies produce similar results. In order to investigate the issue at hand, Terry Lynn Karl’s Weak State theory has been used, and the Rentier State theory has been employed as an essential reason but not a sufficient one. The method of study is comparative-historical. The path-dependency technique has been used for the historical study of the weak state, and to compare the findings a contingency table has been created. The findings show that through the historical study of the issue, the weak state presents itself as the main reason, and the rentier state and the multiplication of oil prices serve as essential reasons but not sufficient ones regarding the issue.
