abdollah givian
Volume 14, Issue 38.39 , February 2008, , Pages 203-235
Abstract
Anthropology, like other social sciences and humanities, has a deep and reciprocal interaction with the social context in which it functions. Technology, for example, has changed anthropology's subject and areas of interest. Moreover, it, along with epistemological changes, has helped some methodological ...
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Anthropology, like other social sciences and humanities, has a deep and reciprocal interaction with the social context in which it functions. Technology, for example, has changed anthropology's subject and areas of interest. Moreover, it, along with epistemological changes, has helped some methodological changes such as revision in gathering, and presentation of ant,hropological findings. Following these changes there can be distinguished a wide range of approaches to anthropology. On the one hand, one could ask: can we still think of anthropology as a useful and alive field of academic activity, while small scale communities are going to be totally disappeared? On the other, one can address many adaptations of anthropology with its changing context, where reflexive anthropological films, for example, embody creative tendencies and artistic activities among anthropologists. Giving a brief explanation of visual anthropology, its relation with traditional or written anthropology and some methodological concerns, this article introduces the very first Persian book on ttJ.e subject, "Ethnographic Cinema". Des-dte the fact that the book is indeed a pioneer in this field, I shall argue that it suffers from some shortcomings: it highlights cinematic aspects at the cost of anthropological aspects; it does not deal with some basic points which authorize different approaches to visual anthropology; and it suffers from sociologism.
azam dehsufiani
Abstract
The current research has been done with the aim of studying the psychological and social factors related to the inclination of female teenagers of Shahrekord’s high schools towards virtual social networks. The method used in the study is survey. The statistical population of the research is comprised ...
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The current research has been done with the aim of studying the psychological and social factors related to the inclination of female teenagers of Shahrekord’s high schools towards virtual social networks. The method used in the study is survey. The statistical population of the research is comprised of the entirety of female high school students of Shahrekord city in the year 2014/15, which according to Cochran’s formula, the sample size has been calculated to be 390 students. Data were collected using a questionnaire and with the sampling method of multistage cluster. Findings showed that there is a direct and significant relationship between the inclination towards virtual social networks and the level of education of the students’ parents, usage frequency of virtual social networks, duration of membership in social networks, simplicity and ease of using social networks, sense of conformity with friends, and the need for improvement and meeting needs. The result of multiple regression shows the of five variables of students’ usage frequency of virtual networks, the simplicity of using virtual social networks, duration of membership in social networks, meeting needs and the sense of conformity with friends having a significant effect on inclination of teenagers towards using virtual social networks, among which frequency of usage of virtual social networks has a more important role in determining the variable of inclination towards virtual social networks.
ahmad ghyasvand
Abstract
دین در جامعه ایرانی با توجه به شرایط تاریخی، اجتماعی و سیاسی آن، از جایگاه بالایی برخوردار است. پژوهش در حوزه ارزش‌ها و رفتار دینی مردم، در جهت درک تحولات و از سویی پیش‌بینی ...
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دین در جامعه ایرانی با توجه به شرایط تاریخی، اجتماعی و سیاسی آن، از جایگاه بالایی برخوردار است. پژوهش در حوزه ارزش‌ها و رفتار دینی مردم، در جهت درک تحولات و از سویی پیش‌بینی تغییرات آن، متضمن انجام مطالعات مستمر در طی سال‌های مختلف می‌باشد. مطالعه حاضر به روش تحلیل ثانویه انجام پذیرفته و سعی دارد یافته‌های حاصل از پیمایش‌های ملی مختلف طی سال‌های 1353 تا 1390 را مورد تحلیل قرار دهد. بنابراین با عنایت به داده‌های پژوهش‌های قبلی موجود، دو بعد رفتار و باور دینی در چهار سطح فردی، جمعی، سیاسی و اجتماعی مورد بررسی قرار گرفته است. در این مطالعه برای تحلیل رفتار و باور مردم ایران از دو رویکرد سکولار شدن جامعه با تکیه‌بر نظرات «پیتر برگر» و نیز تعبیر کارکردی و عملکردی دین از نظریه «لوهمان» استفاده شده است. در مجموع یافته‌های حاصل نشان می‌دهد که چندان تفاوتی مبنی بر افزایش یا کاهش چشمگیر در رفتارها و احساسات دینی ـ فردی مردم ایران مشاهده نمی‌گردد. به عبارتی، جامعه دچار نوعی «تثبیت کارکردی» شده و از این حیث افراد جامعه همان‌قدر مذهبی‌اند که در گذشته بوده‌اند. بنابراین تلقی سکولارشدن جامعه، قضاوتی ناصحیح است. البته تفاوت در میزان دینداری جوانان با بزرگسالان و مسن‌ترها را می‌توان ناشی از اقتضائات سنی آن‌ها دانست. در سطح باورها و رفتارهای جمعی، عیلرغم عدم وجود داده‌هایی مبنی بر مقایسه آن با دهه‌های گذشته، ولی در مقایسه با آنچه در اوایل انقلاب و دوران بعد از آن ملاحظه می‌گردد، نوعی «تغییر کارکردی در حوزه رفتارها و باورهای دینی ـ جمعی» را می‌توان استنباط نمود. در واقع کاهش در رفتارهای دینی جمعی آن‌هم از نوع رسمی بیشتر بازتاب تغییرات دوران و کارکردهای خاص خود، به‌ویژه در زمان انقلاب و دوران جنگ است که نوعی نمونه آرمانی «دین دوران» را بر اذهان و آرمان‌های مذهبی به یاد می‌آورد. در نهایت مقایسه رفتارها و باورهای دینی سیاسی و اجتماعی نوعی «قطبی شدن عملکرد دین» را در دو حوزه سیاسی و اجتماعی نشان می‌دهد. به عبارتی نوعی «سیاست‌زدایی از دین» یا «سیاسی شدن دین» و نیز «اخلاق زدایی دینی» یا «اخلاقی کردن دینی» را شاهدیم. ازاین‌رو، تعبیر سکولارشدن در این دو حوزه برداشتی دوگانه است.
Sociology
Ali Entezari
Abstract
The current study comprises the survey of comments and evaluations from students regarding the gender segregation plan which was done as a part of a comprehensive research about this topic. In the conceptual and theoretical framework of the research based on the works of Erving Goffman, Sandra Bem and ...
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The current study comprises the survey of comments and evaluations from students regarding the gender segregation plan which was done as a part of a comprehensive research about this topic. In the conceptual and theoretical framework of the research based on the works of Erving Goffman, Sandra Bem and others, and through criticizing the works, this study aims to examine gender segregation with an impartial approach. The statistical population of the research included students from Allameh Tabataba’i University, University of Tehran, and an all-female women’s university, from which 1350 students were chosen through a randomized and quota sampling based on gender, education, university and faculty. The results show that the majority of the students from Allameh Tabataba’i University and University of Tehran who were the most important recipient of this plan were resistant towards it. Only 13.7 percent of Allameh Tabataba’i students and about 13 percent of University of Tehran students has a positive attitude towards gender segregation in universities. This percentage reaches 31 percent in the all-female women’s university. 57.4 percent of Allameh Tabataba’i students have demanded for the plan to be terminated, and 59.1 percent of the students of University of Tehran are against the implementation of this plan at their university.
Masoomeh Qarakhani
Abstract
Health policy is an aspect of social policy, and its development is considered a responsibility of governments. This policy, which is related to personal and social welfare, can be affected by the orientations and approaches taken by governments. However, there is no precise understanding of the orientation ...
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Health policy is an aspect of social policy, and its development is considered a responsibility of governments. This policy, which is related to personal and social welfare, can be affected by the orientations and approaches taken by governments. However, there is no precise understanding of the orientation of different Iranian governments regarding health policy. In the present paper, we attempted to understand the effect of the approaches of governments on health policy in Iran. Therefore, we studied health policy from two aspects of law input and health expenditure in four Iranian governments from 1981 to 2009. The data were analyzed using both qualitative and quantitative methods as well as qualitative content analysis and variance analysis methods. The results showed that the health policy was not considerably affected by the political approaches taken by the governments. In terms of health expenditure, too, the governments did not affect the health policy.
bahram komeyl
Volume 12, Issue 28.29 , May 2005, , Pages 213-237
Abstract
This article is about the interaction between globalization and advertising. Globalization has created a new dimension for growth and flourishing of advertising industry. It causes the values and interest to become universalized and accordingly changes advertising industry. Mutually, advertising by means ...
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This article is about the interaction between globalization and advertising. Globalization has created a new dimension for growth and flourishing of advertising industry. It causes the values and interest to become universalized and accordingly changes advertising industry. Mutually, advertising by means of the latest technologies has provided a proper ground for expediting globalization. In this reciprocity the roles of multinational incorporations and political systems have been changed. Regarding above mentioned issues, the author tries to explain this mutual relationship with refering to the ideas of Habermas, Ritzer and Castells,
Minoo Salimi; Ahmad Naderi
Abstract
Since earthquake has a wide range of effects on people's lives, we can think of it as an important variable in the changes of societies’ social life. The social consequences of the disaster vary according to age, gender, economic and social class. Children, women and low-income people are among ...
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Since earthquake has a wide range of effects on people's lives, we can think of it as an important variable in the changes of societies’ social life. The social consequences of the disaster vary according to age, gender, economic and social class. Children, women and low-income people are among the most suffering groups. This qualitative research has been conducted with the aim of understanding the women’s lived experiences of earthquakes in Sarpol-e-Zahab. This study has used a phenomenological approach and conducted semi-structured interviews with 30 women affected by the earthquake. As a result, there are 90 interview texts and 10 written texts of informant’s lived experiences and their interpretation, which are recorded in 120 semantic units. The findings of the study, which are 18 sub-themes and finally 5 main themes, show that women go through very difficult conditions. Identity crisis and their incompatibility with the post-earthquake condition, sexual abuse, committing suicide, decreasing in the age of committing suicide, earthquake and post-earthquake phobia, sudden lifestyle change, lack of peace, lack of facilities and financial capacity, qualitative and quantitative difficulties and disorders in schools, the increase in family strife, the increase in divorce, the increase in violence have caused social, psychological and cultural unrest in this city.
ebrahim maleki
Abstract
This study investigates the representation of women in Lori and Laki Folk songs. Moreover this survey manifests how sociological concepts like realism, humanism and equality are represented at these songs. Research questions are formed in connection with recognizing the categories related to women and ...
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This study investigates the representation of women in Lori and Laki Folk songs. Moreover this survey manifests how sociological concepts like realism, humanism and equality are represented at these songs. Research questions are formed in connection with recognizing the categories related to women and sociological concepts. Our conceptual frameworks are based on Feminism critical Theories and sociology of content. Using qualitative content analysis of the single stanza in songs and summarizing method in analyzing of lyrics, it is feasible to create induction categories and reducing them into basic categories based on the main themes. Finally utilizing these basic categories, we analyze the contents and recognize the general model that underlies in the songs. In qualitative analysis of songs, all sociological concepts including realism, equality, human-centrism, collectivism that have a consecutive influence on songs have been shown. Furthermore the discussed categories in questions concerning women representation in the songs completely illustrate that there is a humanistic view towards women and also all of their rights are respected. Although most of the songs narrators are male, generally there is a non-gender language in songs. Another important finding is the historical background of many of these songs that may dates back to primitive, Matriarchy, and patriarchy era. Contrary to the most of the feminism theories, this part of popular culture (songs) not only is not against women, but also shows a higher position of women in pre history era (matriarchy).
Maryam Mokhtari; Farshid Rahimi; Jalil Karimi; Kamal Khaleghpanah
Abstract
There are three major paradigms in relation to the origin of nations; primordialism, modernism and ethic symbolism. It seems that the modernist paradigm considers the nation as a construct and the result of the bureaucratic processes of the state, and in line with this, Anderson`s ideas on the role of ...
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There are three major paradigms in relation to the origin of nations; primordialism, modernism and ethic symbolism. It seems that the modernist paradigm considers the nation as a construct and the result of the bureaucratic processes of the state, and in line with this, Anderson`s ideas on the role of education in nation-building have expanded. Foucault`s discussions about the concept of governmentality on the creation of subjects as mediators of disciplinary institutions have also recently been addressed by researchers in this field. In this research, by using the concepts of these theorists and their methodology, the genealogy of education and nation-building in modern Iran is represented. At first, based on the genealogy in this research, the conditions for the emergence of the discourse of authoritarian nationalism in the late Qajar period were summarized. Then, the study explains minds and subsequently bodies were harmonized in the Reza Shah period. In this step, the method of materialization of this discourse is presented with the power of mediator, which shows itself in the curriculum, educational content, and educational processes. Finally, while explaining the conditions for the discovery of Iranian nationalism, the results showed that the two main concepts of homogenization of minds and homogenization of bodies with mediation on discipline were present.
Yaghoob Mohammadifar; Ismaiil Hemmati
yoones shah hoseyni
Volume 13, Issue 34.35 , November 2006, , Pages 223-234
abas keshavarz
Parviz Ejlali; Hamed Goharipoor
Abstract
Parviz Ejlali Hamed Goharipour Date of Receive: 2014/10/2Date of Accept: 2015/5/5AbstractThis paper aims to recognize, classify, and explain main images of the city as one can find in Iranian films during its history (1930 - 2011). When film narrative happens in a city, the camera shows the city as it ...
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Parviz Ejlali Hamed Goharipour Date of Receive: 2014/10/2Date of Accept: 2015/5/5AbstractThis paper aims to recognize, classify, and explain main images of the city as one can find in Iranian films during its history (1930 - 2011). When film narrative happens in a city, the camera shows the city as it looks like at the moment of photography; though the filmmaker, as an artist, is able to depict a city from his or her own perspective by selecting a specific camera angle, or distance from the subject, movement of camera, color, rhythm, speed, editing and other elements of composing a film. Therefore, any cinematic" City – Image" like any other artistic image is not a simple picture of the real city, but a city which is understood and represented by the artist. Furthermore, as we have learnt from sociology of art, this picture is not only an individual artifact or an abstract conception of the city, but it reflects, in some way or another, parts of the soul and meaning of the artist’ time and society. So, one can regard it as a part of the sociological knowledge of the city. Methodologically, we followed Lucien Goldman. In this method at first step we tried to extract the common structure of the films consisting of a specific image by the help of semiotic analysis. In the second step we tried to bridge between the images and the worldview of different social groups and classes of the Iranian society. Our inquiry into Iranian films, with a history of about one century, revealed that in each- the before and after the revolution- periods, four and only four cities-images have been produced .So that one can find eight images of the city in so called" urban films" or films in which some urban problems like housing, migration, urban-rural dichotomy, informal settlement, class differences etc. were narrated.Interestingly, in all of these eight images, depiction of the city as a dangerous, seductive, terrifying, deadly, sad and hallucinatory location, has been dominant. In fact, portraying the city as a beautiful and lovely place, encompassing, hopeful residents with dignity are an absolute exception or non-existent. The article claims that these unconscious negative viewpoints towards the city may be related to the vast relocation of the population, rapid urbanization, waves of migrations, and lack of social capital among relocated urbanites in large cities .In brief, it seems that residents of the cities have not reached to a good understanding with the cities yet.
nader salar zadeh; reza mahbubi
Volume 16, Issue 47 , February 2009, , Pages 229-271
Abstract
Attaining material and spiritual welfare has always been a human being dream with special shape in different eras of human life which creates its own special mechanism in the society. For this reason, many governmental plans and programs and also community planners' tendencies have been inclined toward ...
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Attaining material and spiritual welfare has always been a human being dream with special shape in different eras of human life which creates its own special mechanism in the society. For this reason, many governmental plans and programs and also community planners' tendencies have been inclined toward approaches providing higher welfare for the citizens. Fulfilling this demand, in the present era, requires particular requirements due to specialization of most components of human being life in which equipping with knowledge and specialty constitutes the most paramount one. The most important institution responsible initial training of expert human resources in the society is Ministry of Education and upgrading the efficacy of this vital organization will be a step forward toward higher social welfare for the citizens providing that the related parameters can be identified. Social capital is one of the conceptual tools in sociology domain which in recent decades has acquired its real position as an effective component in various areas. This study was carried out in order to examine the impact of social capital over academic achievements of student studying in pre university course of studies in Uremia. The statistical sample of this study entailed 380 pre - university students and in addition to the main subject of study, namely potential relationship between social capital and student academic achievement, six other ancillary theories were investigated too. This study was conducted in progressive basis via performing interviews in the framework of the researcher - devised questionnaire followed by processing the resultant data by SPSS software package. The results indicated a positive but poor correlation between the social capital and achievement in students studying at pre - university course in Uremia. Also, according to the findings, the impact of students' family socio-economic status over their academic achievements was more significant and perceptible rather than impact of their social capital. The study revealed that there was no relationship between students general knowledge and information and student achievements but a relation was found between social communication levels and student self - confidence level and their academic achievements. A significant relation was also found between parents' educational level and occupation and children academic achievement.
Hadi Zeini Malekabad; Mohammad reza Hasani
Abstract
Analyzing the relationships between different scientific fields makes research possible, especially those fields where questions can only be answered by an interdisciplinary analysis. The connection between social knowledge and other scientific fields has long been developed and enabled answering the ...
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Analyzing the relationships between different scientific fields makes research possible, especially those fields where questions can only be answered by an interdisciplinary analysis. The connection between social knowledge and other scientific fields has long been developed and enabled answering the questions in various fields. Proper use of social science knowledge in explaining religious texts with various linguistic structures is of importance. In this research, a descriptive-analytical method was adopted to analyze the relationship between social science knowledge and linguistic approaches to indirectly enable the analysis of religious texts. Studies show that the relationship between social knowledge and other scientific fields has not been established all at once, but has gone through at least three stages. In the third stage, in the early twentieth century, social science was affected by linguistics. The emergence of new linguistic approaches created a novel approach to analysis of social texts. With the methodological revolution in linguistics, structuralist and post-structuralist approaches emerged in the social sciences that emphasized the importance of language in social relations. In this study, considering the third stage, namely the relationship between social science knowledge and linguistics, the bilateral effect of these two fields is shown. Based on this basic research, it is possible to conduct a discourse analysis of the texts in Quran and Hadith, law, literature, and various fields which have a close link with linguistics.
esfandiar abasi
akbar sharifian
Seyed Ahmad Mortazavi; Iraj Saee Arsi; Saeed Ma’dani
Abstract
Poems are the hard cliffs situated at the very heart of a stone mountain; they are not only reflective of shouts, but also the reflector of the whispers and occasionally the silences which are filled with shouting. Along with a soft face, poems possess a face of explosion; they are a form of media as ...
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Poems are the hard cliffs situated at the very heart of a stone mountain; they are not only reflective of shouts, but also the reflector of the whispers and occasionally the silences which are filled with shouting. Along with a soft face, poems possess a face of explosion; they are a form of media as sharp as thunderbolts. The purpose of the present study is to show this sharpness in the dialectic face of Ahmad Shamlo’s poems. A face as wide as society’s soul and whatever that it contains. The theoretical principles of the study are based on the main concepts presented by Jurgen Habermas, the main representative of Frankfort school of critical thought. The data of the study were collected through a documentary and library method and with a data categorization through the objective-subjective model. Data analysis was done based on a comparative method. The findings indicate that Shamloo’s concepts in the framework of Habermas’s concepts can be reflective of a part of social realities including social conflict, and the results of the research depict a harmony between “poems” and “theories” in explaining and clarifying social issues. Similar to how a poem as a social phenomenon can be studied through different sociological approaches such as the structural and conflict approaches, it can also contain different theoretical approaches, and a poem is nothing but these approaches. Similar to social theorists, great poets are not only reflective of social issues, but are also striving to explain, clarify and solve said issues.
Volume 22, Issue 71 , October 2016, , Pages 239-275
Abstract
This study was a semi-experimental research for assessing effects of watching violent movies on physiological arousal and aggressive feelings of university students in Tehran. The method is "posttest-only control group" design, and was carried out on students of IRIB University. 60 students were selected ...
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This study was a semi-experimental research for assessing effects of watching violent movies on physiological arousal and aggressive feelings of university students in Tehran. The method is "posttest-only control group" design, and was carried out on students of IRIB University. 60 students were selected by simple random sampling. The students (30 girls and 30 boys) of 18 to 25 years old were chosen and randomly were divided into two equal groups of control and test. 15 minute clip of violent movies was played for the test group and 15 minute clip of wildlife documentaries was played for the control group. During the watching of these clips, their heart rate (HR), heart rate variability (HRV), skin conductance (SC), muscle tension (MT), respiration rate (RR), and skin temperature (ST) were measured. At the end of watching, their aggressive feeling was evaluated with "state hostility scale" questionnaire. The results showed that watching violent movies has a significant effect on increasing of skin conductance, muscle tension, respiration rate and aggressive feelings of this group of students. But their heart rate, heart rate variability, and skin temperature did not change during the watching of violent movies.
Manijeh Maghsoodi; Parvin Salehi
Abstract
Manijeh Maghsudi Parvin Salehi Date of Receive: 2013/4/6Date of Accept: 2013/8/1Abstract:This paper is the outcome of a research completed in the ethno-botany field. In this paper we have tried to discover and then register the indigenous knowledge of the residents of Ovan region by emphasizing on qualitative ...
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Manijeh Maghsudi Parvin Salehi Date of Receive: 2013/4/6Date of Accept: 2013/8/1Abstract:This paper is the outcome of a research completed in the ethno-botany field. In this paper we have tried to discover and then register the indigenous knowledge of the residents of Ovan region by emphasizing on qualitative method and using data collection techniques such as observation and interview.In this study we have tried to identify the wild plants (self-growing) that are used by the community in different forms i.e., nutrition, medicinal, and other various applications. Then we have collected and registered the required ethno-botanic information through specialized ethno-botanic questionnaires i.e., local names, Persian and Latin names, accessibility, the used parts, and how the plants are utilized.In this paper we have referred to 60 plant species in the region. The Herbarium researchers at Tarbiat Moalem University have identified these plants and registered their Latin names. Finally, the completed Herbarium has been put at the disposal of Tarbiat Moalam University so that other scholars and researchers could use it.Among the variety of plants that have been identified in this region we could name different garden plants i.e., sour cherry, almond, oleaster, jujube, hazel-nut, walnut and etc.; and herbaceous plants (self-growing weeds) i.e., milk vetch (astragalus), acanthus, licorice, etc.; also among the plants that grow alongside rivers and inside the Ovan lake we could name river bamboo, watercress, and stream peppergrass.
Nematollah Fazeli; Hossein Sarvi
Alireza Hosseini Pakdehi; Maryam Hajmohammadi
Mahdokht Boroujerdi Alavi; Elaheh Irani
