Mohammad Hosein Sharifi Saei; Taghi Azadarmaki
Abstract
The purpose of this research was to study the situation of Iranian women in the Qajar era (1789-1925). The present research has been done by historical method. The findings of this study showed that women in the Qajar era had very few social rights. Women were the second sex. They were second-class citizens. ...
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The purpose of this research was to study the situation of Iranian women in the Qajar era (1789-1925). The present research has been done by historical method. The findings of this study showed that women in the Qajar era had very few social rights. Women were the second sex. They were second-class citizens. Domestic violence against women was common. Marriage of women in the Qajar period was forced marriage. They had no freedom in marriage. Girls had to get married as children (10 to 12 years old). Women had to have children quickly. They had to have many children (at least 7 to 8 children). Their children also had to get married between the ages of 10 and 12. Women became grandmothers in their 30s. The aging process was very fast. Life expectancy in women was very low. During the Qajar period, polygamy was common. Patriarchy prevailed in the family and society. Women were completely dominated by men. In the Qajar period, women were considered inferior to men. Therefore, they had to obey men.
Hamid Abdollahi; Hanieh Madadi; Sajjad Moradi
Abstract
Hamid Ebadollahi Chanzanagh Haniyeh Madadi Sajad Moradi Date of Receive: 2013/10/2Date of Accept: 2014/1/10AbstractNowadays in Iranian's society, the problem of identity hold specific importance and complexity and several arguments have presented about it. But these arguments have more obvious ...
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Hamid Ebadollahi Chanzanagh Haniyeh Madadi Sajad Moradi Date of Receive: 2013/10/2Date of Accept: 2014/1/10AbstractNowadays in Iranian's society, the problem of identity hold specific importance and complexity and several arguments have presented about it. But these arguments have more obvious aspects about women's identity. From one side, structural and cultural changes which occurred increased opportunities in education and employment for women, causing new forms of identification. On the other side, the existence of gender stereotypes, faced women with many challenges in this area. Identity is a complex process influenced by many factors among which family structure is the most important one. Therefore, in this study, we have discussed the effect of family structure on women's reflexive identity. In the theoretical part, perspectives of Giddens on identity and reflexivity, his feminist critics and also Castells' perspectives of patriarchy are used. The present study is a survey. Data is collected through questionnaires.384 female university students of Allameh Tabataba'I University were selected out of 1,600 through proportional quota sampling. Results indicate that the respondent show strong resistance against gender stereotypes and body management is also very important for them. The highest rate of "decision making" pattern and "division of housework" pattern was among the respondents of the patriarchal family. In addition, research results evidence a significant correlation between "power structures in family” and "rate of women's reflexive identity"; So that the rate of women's reflexive identity in families with patriarchal decision-making pattern is more than other women. In" division of housework” dimension, the high rate of women's reflexive identity belongs to women whose decision-making pattern in their family is participatory.