Sociology
Taha Ashayeri; Tahereh Jahanparvar; Hanieh Adel
Abstract
Suicide means ending the social life and shows the decrease of human value and the peak of human suffering. Social capital has a preventive and deterrent role against suicide. The main purpose of the research is to study the effect of social capital on the tendency to commit suicide by relying ...
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Suicide means ending the social life and shows the decrease of human value and the peak of human suffering. Social capital has a preventive and deterrent role against suicide. The main purpose of the research is to study the effect of social capital on the tendency to commit suicide by relying on meta-analysis of studies. The research method is a quantitative meta-analysis (CMA2), and the unit of analysis is the articles and treatises published in the period from 1385 to 1402, which by using the scientific database NoorMags, Magiran, and IranDoc, 48 documents were identified as the statistical population, and after screening (evaluation of entry and exit conditions for analysis), 26 cases of research (sample size) remained in the study process. The statistical method under investigation is Cohen's d and Fisher's f, and the sampling method is a deliberate-non-probability type. The results indicate that social capital has an inverse and significant relationship with suicide tendency, and its effect coefficient is -0.38. Furthermore, the relationship of social cohesion (-0.18), social support (-0.20), social trust (-0.31), and social participation (-0.17) has been significant and inverse with suicide tendency. Based on this, by strengthening and recreating social capital at the macro, medium, and micro levels, the tendency to commit suicide can be prevented in the provinces of the country.
Introduction
Emile Durkheim considers the currents of modernity and the transition from a traditional to a consumerist society as the beginning of the increase in suicide due to lifestyle changes, increased social expectations, and unlimited aspirations. Factors and network structure play an important role in suicide attempts, which include family members, neighborhood system, and close friends. As the capacity of the social network decreases, the possibility of committing suicide increases. Today, social capital has become one of the key variables in research and is a communication factor between people and social networks. The theoretical foundations of Durkheim's suicide classification have been analyzed and explained with the two variables of the degree of integration and social cohesion of individuals with society. Searching for the general word "suicide" in Iran Mag (1734), Normagz (10000), and Iran Doc (1690 research papers and reports) shows the abundance of suicide studies among academic and institutional researchers. The current study aims to investigate the relationship between social capital and suicidal tendency by relying on a quantitative meta-analysis method; examining based on this, the main goal of the research is to estimate the effect size of the social capital variable and its components on the tendency to commit suicide.
Literature Review
Suicide in Iran is a multidimensional matter and can be discussed and investigated from various approaches. In this context, Faizollahi's studies (2022), under the title "Furthercomposition of Suicide Studies in Iran," show that family disorder, abnormal family management, social pressure, tense marital relationships, inconsistency of tradition, access to suicide tools, sterilization of suicide, and social rejection are the grounds that have increased the tendency to commit suicide. Furthermore, Mehri (2001), in a research entitled "Meta-analysis of suicide studies in Iran," factors such as education level, marital status, self-esteem, family cohesion, early marriage, and anxiety about the family's economic situation and Barghamdi (2019), in his studies entitled "Meta-analysis of studies carried out in connection with the suicide of duty workers," showed that individual factors (aggression, sensationalism, narcissistic personality, antisocial personality, abusive personality, neuroticism, ataxia, obsession, morbid fear, psychosis, depression, non-interactive behaviors, lack of behavior control , dramatic personality, borderline personality, anxiety, extroversion/introversion, drug abuse, and paranoid), family factors (lack of social support, cohesion, and family problems), and managerial-organizational factors (commander's behavior, conditions of the service place, the borderline of the service place, and problem solving skill training) have played a decisive role in the tendency to commit suicide. Finally, Moradi and Sharifzadi's research (2019) titled "Metaanalysis of socio-economic factors related to suicide" shows that social capital (communication, support, trust, norms, and obligations), economic problems (employment, family poverty, low income, and disability in passing economic affairs), family problems (incompatibility with conditions, and distrust of family), and weak mental health (despair, depression, and stress) have had a significant relationship with the tendency to commit suicide.
Materials and Methods
The current research method is quantitative meta-analysis CMA2. Meta-analysis is the estimation of the effect size of studies in one main unit. In this method, the researcher evaluates the relationship between independent variables and dependent variables by referring to published articles, research year, correlation coefficient, and significance level. To receive and collect articles from NoorMags, Civilica, IranDoc, and Magiran website with the keywords "social capital and suicide" in the period of 2006 to 2023, the statistical population (47 studies) was identified and after control in terms of method, reliability, validity, and scientific findings, the number of 26 documents have been entered into the software, and the size of the final effect of each research and the total final effect have been estimated by the Fisher and Cohen formula.
Results
The results indicate that social capital has a significant effect on suicide tendency in all studies, and only social capital in the studies of Qadri and Nazari (2018), and Karimi (2019) had no significant relationship with suicide.
The effect of the general index of social capital on the tendency to commit suicide:
Social capital has an inverse and significant relationship with suicide, and its effect coefficient is -0.38. Furthermore, the relationship between the components of social capital, including social cohesion (-0.18), social support (-0.20), social trust (-0.31), and social participation (-0.17) has been significant and inverse with suicide tendency.
Discussion
The main goal of the current research is to study the effect of social capital on the tendency to commit suicide in Iranian society. In this context, about 26 survey documents have been conducted between 1385 and 1402, and it is based on the assumption that suicide in Iran is a function of the amount of social capital or not. To answer this question, researchers have conducted a meta-analysis by collecting survey-based research related to "social capital and suicide." After screening the research and describing the general characteristics of the studied research, the statistical results of Cohen's d and Fisher's f show that social capital is strong support for dealing with the issue of suicide and has a preventive effect against the act and tendency to commit suicide. Social capital includes values and norms that facilitate access to social benefits and goals and give people social credit and dignity of the type of collective identity. As a result, a person resists loneliness, isolation, depression, and rejection, and when faced with crises, he does not understand himself as helpless, the usefulness of social capital, and the creation of a cooperative is cooperation and social support of its members against social risks.
Conclusion
By increasing the amount of social cohesion, the tendency to commit suicide decreases, and its effect size is equal to -0.189. The greater the intensity of social cohesion, the tendency to commit suicide is also reduced.
- Increasing social support has reduced suicide, and its effect size is equal to 0.200 effect size. By increasing the amount of social support of family and society to individuals, the risk of suicide decreases.
- Increasing social trust reduces suicide, and its effect size is equal to 0.319-effect size. The higher the amount of social trust, the more suicide motives decrease.
- The greater the intensity of social participation by the same amount, the tendency to commit suicide decreases, and its effect size is equal to -0.175.
- Social capital, by creating collective resources (material and immaterial) through community, communication, and social relations, empowers people and protects them in a stable collective network when facing individual-social crises. The tendency to commit suicide (meta-analysis of research), suicide prevention mechanisms (according to the findings).
Keywords: Suicide, Social Capital, Meta-Analysis, Risky Behaviors, Social Differentiation.
Davood Parchami; Fatemeh Derakhshan
Abstract
Iran is facing a problem of underdevelopment with regards to the Economics of Culture (EC) and is far from developing, developed, and even similar countries in this regard. EC develops with maintained order on the components of the economic, cultural, social and political subsystems and their relations ...
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Iran is facing a problem of underdevelopment with regards to the Economics of Culture (EC) and is far from developing, developed, and even similar countries in this regard. EC develops with maintained order on the components of the economic, cultural, social and political subsystems and their relations with each other and as a result of quantitative and qualitative growth and diversity in the process of production, distribution and consumption of goods and cultural services. In the present article, development of EC and its relations with order in society have been studied through a comparative method between the top 10 advanced countries and the top 10 developed countries in EC and Iran. The results indicate that the more order in society, the more the increase of in said society. The correlation between order in society and the development of EC was r = 0.72, and 0.52 of the changes of EC is explained by order in society. In simultaneous explanation, changes of EC, and economic and cultural capital have the greatest potential for explanation. The Probability Interval Method showed that if Iran reaches a growth rate of 1.84 in economic capital, 4 in cultural capital, 1.6 in social capital and 1.64 in political capital, it will reach an EC in 2030 similar to that of advanced countries.
Sociology
Yaghoub Ahmadi; Salar Moradi
Abstract
In recent years and with the growth of the Internet and online social technologies, many questions have been raised regarding the type, quality and extent of social activities in the world based on social networks. Considering the influence of online social networks on recent elections from the year ...
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In recent years and with the growth of the Internet and online social technologies, many questions have been raised regarding the type, quality and extent of social activities in the world based on social networks. Considering the influence of online social networks on recent elections from the year 2009 until now and its following incidents, the present study aims to evaluate the effect of the social capital present in online networks on the citizenship culture of the citizens of Sanandaj. The method of the study was that of a correlational descriptive research and it employed a survey method. The questionnaire was comprised of Dmitri Williams’ standard questions and a researcher-made questionnaire for citizenship culture which had appropriate validity and reliability and was distributed to 400 respondents with the method of multistage cluster sampling. Findings show a medium of the citizenship culture average, and the focus has more been on civic engagement. From the components of civic engagement, the dimensions of attitude and belief were more regarded by the citizens rather than the components of behavior or action. The inferential results also show that the most important dimension of social capital influencing the citizenship culture is the bridging social capital present in the online space.
Sociology
Maryam Nahavandi; maryam moghadam
Abstract
The primary aim of the present study is to examine and compare work culture in Iran from different aspects. The main question in this investigation is to find factors which have caused a downward trend in work culture in Iran. Using global statistics (from WVS), the effect of factors such as the individual, ...
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The primary aim of the present study is to examine and compare work culture in Iran from different aspects. The main question in this investigation is to find factors which have caused a downward trend in work culture in Iran. Using global statistics (from WVS), the effect of factors such as the individual, family, population, religion, occupation and social capital on the work culture of the countries of Iran, Japan, China, Malaysia and Turkey have been studied. The sample population of each country included an urban and rural, male and female population which were chosen through probability sampling. The factors affecting the dependent variable has been tested through different methods, including, factor analysis of the dependent variable, examination of the effect of the sub-indices of independent variables using linear and logistic regression, measuring the relationship between the five independent variables (population, individual, religion, social capital and type of occupation) and work culture, and path analysis of the variables. From the variables influencing work culture, creativity has had the most effect in all countries. The findings show that compared to that of the other four countries, Iran’s work culture is severely low.
Tahereh Ghaderi; Zahra Alghooneh
Abstract
People’s orientation towards meeting their own needs and achieving their personal and private goals, without considering other people, is called egocentrism and individualism. Selfish individualism is a type of individualism in which the person’s personal gain is put as the top priority, ...
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People’s orientation towards meeting their own needs and achieving their personal and private goals, without considering other people, is called egocentrism and individualism. Selfish individualism is a type of individualism in which the person’s personal gain is put as the top priority, and individuals are only seeking to reach their own goals. The purpose of this study is to examine the level of selfish individualism among different social classes and its related factors. For this purpose, the students of Shiraz University were chosen as the statistical population. The study was conducted through stratified sampling, and through a survey using a questionnaire, the study was conducted with a sample comprised of 387 people. The independent variables of the research were derived from Durkheim, Putnam, and Bourdieu’s theories and also from a combination of Habermas, Weber, and Weblen’s theories. Durkheim’s Religiosity, Putnam’s Social Capital, Bourdieu’s Institutionalized Cultural Capital of the family, and a combined theory of Class from Habermas, Weber and Weblen were used. There was a negative and significant relationship between religiosity and selfish individualism, and the hypothesis was confirmed. However, there was not a significant relationship between selfish individualism and the three variables of social capital, institutionalized cultural capital of the family and class, and the three remaining hypotheses were dismissed. Findings regarding background variables showed that there was not a significant relationship between gender and selfish individualism, however, there was a significant and positive relationship between age and selfish individualism.
Sociology
Jamal Adhami; Yaghoub Ahmadi; Ebrahim Jafari
Abstract
This paper studies the Intergenerational value preferences in Sanandaj and measures its effective social factors. Sanandaj city is one of the cities that because of some aspects like the center of Kurdistan province, extension of urbanism, irregular emigration, marginalization, youth population, ingredients ...
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This paper studies the Intergenerational value preferences in Sanandaj and measures its effective social factors. Sanandaj city is one of the cities that because of some aspects like the center of Kurdistan province, extension of urbanism, irregular emigration, marginalization, youth population, ingredients of coexistence from the native and nonnative and modern and traditional culture, vicinity with border cities, the modernity of mass media, makes extent changes. To do so, appropriate framework was prepared based on Durkheim, Merton, Mannheim, Giddens, Inglehart, Bourdieu and Schwartz in which the basic assumptions are discussed and tested. The research was conducted based on multiple research methods (survey and documentation methods) and multiple clustered sampling on 367 people in three generation. Findings shows that there is no significant difference between young people and middle –aged , but there is a significant difference between old generation and young people and middle- aged and old generation regarding the value preference. Also The results showed there is a correlation between social capital and religious with value preference in two generations (young and middle-aged)and between the cultural capital and value preference in young generation and there is a no significant correlation between all generations on economic capital and value preference.
Abstract
Social capital is one of the key variables in social explanations. Hope for the future, particularly among young people, has paramount importance and social capital has an important role in raising the hope for the future. This study carried out to investigate the relationship between social capital ...
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Social capital is one of the key variables in social explanations. Hope for the future, particularly among young people, has paramount importance and social capital has an important role in raising the hope for the future. This study carried out to investigate the relationship between social capital and hope to the future among students of Yazd University. This survey study is practical in terms of content, cross-sectional, and extensive. The statistical population was all of Yazd University students in the academic year 2014-2015, who 374 people of them were selected and studied through stratified random sampling method. In this study, instrument was questionnaire and validity of the data collection tool was ensured through a content validity and the high Cronbach's alpha for the variables shown in the utility reliability of the research instrument (there was more than 0.7 regarding all the constructs). Data were analyzed by SPSS and Amos software's. The results showed there is not a significant difference between hope to future based on sex and field study. But there was a positive and significant relationship between social capital and hope to the future. Also, there was a significant positive relationship between the social trust, social norms and social network with hope to the future.
Mohammad Sheikhi; Saeedeh Amini; Anahita Nezami
Abstract
Mohammad Sheykhi[1] Anahita Nezami[2] Saeedeh Amini[3] Date of Receive: 2015/4/15 Date of Accept: 2015/9/3 Abstract The feeling of place attachment is one of the most important factors affecting the individual’s relationship with the environment. This feeling encompasses various factors ...
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Mohammad Sheykhi[1] Anahita Nezami[2] Saeedeh Amini[3] Date of Receive: 2015/4/15 Date of Accept: 2015/9/3 Abstract The feeling of place attachment is one of the most important factors affecting the individual’s relationship with the environment. This feeling encompasses various factors which affect the individual’s quality of life in any place. The existence or non-existense of the feeling of the Place attachment affects the behavior of individuals in the society. This study has been conducted with the aim of studying and comparing the factors which affect the feeling of place attachment among the settlers of Parand New Town (formal settlement) and Nasimshahr (informal settlement). In order to achieve this goal, the researchers tried to develop an appropriate theoretical framework by relying on the existing theoretical perspectives and in the light of that, the research hypotheses were formulated. The required data were provided using the survey method. Based on the Cochran's formula, the sample size was estimated to be 392 and multi-stage cluster sampling method was used. The results of this study indicated that in informal settlement (Nasimshahr), the feeling of place attachment is more than formal settlement (Parand New Town). Also the social capital of the settlers of Nasimshahr was more than settlers of Parand New Town and the cultural capital of the settlers of Parand New Town was more than that of the settlers of Nasimshahr. The regression analysis results showed that the feeling of place attachment in Parand New Town was affected respectively by social capital, attitude towards physical– spatial characteristics and cultural capital and in Nasimshahr it was respectively affected by social capital, cultural capital and attitude towards physical– spatial characteristics. In sum, according to the results, social capital is the main factor that affects the feeling of place attachment in Parand New Town and Nasimshahr. [1]. Assistant Professor of Planning، Allameh Tabatabaee University. m.shaikhi3000@gmail.com [2]. MA in urban planning and regional Allameh Tabatabai University. anahita.nezami@yahoo.com [3]. Assistant Professor of Sociology، Allameh Tabatabaee University. samini@atu.ac.ir
Abootorab Talebi; Amirhossein Bahripoor
Abstract
Abutorab Talebi Amir Bahri Poor Date of Receive: 2013/10/1Date of Accept: 2014/4/25AbstractThe purpose of this paper is to examine the level of collectivism in social responsibility among Kashan’s Citizens in five dimensions of community, cultural, political, economic and environmental. Effects ...
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Abutorab Talebi Amir Bahri Poor Date of Receive: 2013/10/1Date of Accept: 2014/4/25AbstractThe purpose of this paper is to examine the level of collectivism in social responsibility among Kashan’s Citizens in five dimensions of community, cultural, political, economic and environmental. Effects of variables as economic, social and cultural capital and religiosity on citizen’s collectivism in the social responsibility were studied. The method for the research is survey and statistical society in this research includes adults, 18 years and older of Kashan in 2013. In this research, 383 people have been selected as the sample volume and for sample selection, multistep cluster method was used. Findings show that collectivism in social responsibility is weak among most of citizens. In social, cultural, political, economic and environmental dimensions, the levels of collectivism are different. The strongest collectivism among dimensions of social responsibility is for the dimension of environmental. The consequences of the research hypotheses, confirmed meaningful correlations between social capital, cultural capital and religiosity with citizen’s collectivism in the social responsibility. The relation between the economic capital and social responsibility was rejected. Religiosity has the most power to affect on social responsibility.
tahereh ghaderi
Abstract
This study examines level of religiosity among university students in Qom city and creates a typology of their different types of religiosity. Glock and Stark model was used for testing level of religiosity. For identifying types of religiosity, a combinations of different theories on the topic was used ...
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This study examines level of religiosity among university students in Qom city and creates a typology of their different types of religiosity. Glock and Stark model was used for testing level of religiosity. For identifying types of religiosity, a combinations of different theories on the topic was used and seven types eventually selected for the statistical population. The seven types included: layperson, devout, established, modernist, secular, laïc and hybrid religiosity. Peter Burger analysis was used for the two descriptive hypotheses of the study. Independent variables of the study were extracted from the following theories: Berger’s theory of modernization and secularization, Wach’s theory of socio-economic status, Putnam’s social capital theory, Berger’s theory of social life-word, and Grebner’s cultivation theory. A survey method was used in this study. The statistical population included all students of universities in Qom province (43718 students) in 2010-2011. The sample included 354 students selected using quota sampling. The study started with two descriptive hypotheses: “level of religiosity in university students is generally high”, and “varied types of religiosity is observable in university students”. Independent variable of the study included: academic education, socio-economic status, amount of social capital, being a student at the Islamic seminary, and amount of using public communication media. According to the findings, relationship of level and type of religiosity with “amount of cultural capital” and “amount of using public communication media” as independent variables was approved, while with “socio-economic status” and “being a student at the Islamic seminary” not approved. Variables “academic education” and “geographical origin” had a relationship with level of religiosity, but no relationship between them and types of religiosity was found.
mohammad taghi karami ghahi
Abstract
Few studies have been carried out to investigate public and governmental supports during the time of the (Iraqi imposed) war and after it. A group of women living in Beheshti township of Mashhad who were victims of the war, who realized it and its aftermaths very deeply, and who are among the most important ...
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Few studies have been carried out to investigate public and governmental supports during the time of the (Iraqi imposed) war and after it. A group of women living in Beheshti township of Mashhad who were victims of the war, who realized it and its aftermaths very deeply, and who are among the most important narrators of the war, are, unfortunately, absolutely neglected in historiography of the (Iraqi imposed) war. Having realized this gap, the present paper employs a qualitative content analysis method to identify themes of public and governmental supports by analyzing part of findings of a MA thesis which included these women’s narrations of war extracted from narrative interviews with them. Available content was eventually categorized into five themes: the government’s support of victims of the war, public support of victims of the war, victims’ supports of each other, victims’ supports of fellow countrymen and the government, and public support of fellows and the government. The most important implication of this typology is the realization of presence of positive values in Iran’s cultural potential which, on the one hand, allows for immediate acts of support in the time of war, and, on the other hand, shows the important role of social capitals of victims of war, particularly the family and relatives, in forming sustainable, inclusive support.
Farnaz Nazerzadeh; Marzieh Moosavi; Hamideh Arakhi
Abstract
Abstract The present paper aims to study the relationship between intellectual property rights and social capital of author-professors of Iran. A number of hypotheses were developed and theoretical relationship among variables were established based on the theories of Putnam, Coleman, and Fukuyama as ...
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Abstract The present paper aims to study the relationship between intellectual property rights and social capital of author-professors of Iran. A number of hypotheses were developed and theoretical relationship among variables were established based on the theories of Putnam, Coleman, and Fukuyama as well as institutional and synergy views. The study population consisted of 310 AlzahraUniversity faculty members who had authored books, of whom 95 professors were selected as the sample of the study using simple random sampling. Likert scale was used to measure the variable of social capital, which consisted of the following components: trust in scientific environment, participation in scientific environment, expectations and commitments in scientific environment, and scientific interactions in the social network of authors. The components used in the measurement of intellectual property rights variable consisted of the existence of copyright law, authors’ awareness of the provisions of the copyright law, author's attitude towards the copyright law, and abuse of authors’ works. The results confirmed the primary hypothesis of the research, meaning that there is a positive relationship between intellectual property rights and social capital of author-professors with regards to authorship. Moreover, there is a significant relationship between the components of intellectual property rights and social capital of professors with regards to authorship.
mohamad zahediasl
Abstract
"Life Quality" is a complex and multidimensional concept for which several various methods are presented to evaluate. While Scandinavian approach has explained it as objective condition, American approach has provided a definition of "life quality" in which people's understanding of their status is concerned. ...
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"Life Quality" is a complex and multidimensional concept for which several various methods are presented to evaluate. While Scandinavian approach has explained it as objective condition, American approach has provided a definition of "life quality" in which people's understanding of their status is concerned. According to the studies of Merser Organization in 2006, the index of "life quality" in Tehran is ranked as 177 among 215 big cities (metropolis). Accordingly, this research has been done to study the householder's "life quality" in Tehran and the relation of social capital with it. The research which was carried out in summer 2007 was done on 400 householders settled in different areas of Tehran. Using the questionnaire of the World Health Organization, "life quality" has been examined. The variations related to social capital, have been made through "Trust" and "Cooperation" categories and also made based on the researcher's expressions. Then they have been studied. Regarding different theories, the relation between four dimensions of life quality and both of social capital categories have been studied. The result has suggested that there are important relations between life quality and also its four dimensions with social capital. Besides, some suggestions are presented at the end of the article.
ezatolah samaram
Abstract
The idea of "social capital" for the first time entered in to the literature of sociology by social scientists as social wealth and social income. Social capital is an interdisciplinary concept among economics, sociology and political sciences which has a valued approach towards social interactions in ...
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The idea of "social capital" for the first time entered in to the literature of sociology by social scientists as social wealth and social income. Social capital is an interdisciplinary concept among economics, sociology and political sciences which has a valued approach towards social interactions in the goals achievement which are not just social but political and economical in nature. Such capital is created by interactions between people in a social relation network. Social capital refers to the links and communication between members of a network in which the creation of norms and mutual trust brought about fulfillment of goals. It should be noted that without social capital, following the path of development and cultural and economical fulfillment will be difficult and uneven. Nowadays, organizational social capital is considered to be one of the most prominent issues of organization management which plays a more key role than human and physical capital. The networks of public and group relations include cohesion among people in an organization and also between people and the organization. In this paper it is intended to measure the social capital at the university as a complex network of social interactions. The research method is a field survey based on questionnaire. The results show that among students whom are studied, age of the student, tendency towards the religious practices and the year of entry to university are the most significant effective factors in the level of their social capital. Considering the academic staff of the university, only the tendency towards religious practices influenced their level of social capital.
nader salar zadeh amiri; seyed hasan hoseyni
Volume 16, Issue 44 , May 2009, , Pages 49-88
Abstract
Economic, Cultural & Social capitals are considered as worthwhile sources in every society. According to sociological theories, a combination of these capitals, determines the socio-economic status of peoples and the measure of these capitals' possession decide the situation of everyone in social ...
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Economic, Cultural & Social capitals are considered as worthwhile sources in every society. According to sociological theories, a combination of these capitals, determines the socio-economic status of peoples and the measure of these capitals' possession decide the situation of everyone in social stratification. Again, According to sociological theories the socio-economic status of peoples affects their attitudes towards different issues. Therefore the measure of different capitals· possession shapes peoples' attitudes towards social issues. On the other hand social justice refers to the special way that these capitals are distributed. How ersity and a stratified sampling control based on sex was drawn (n = 371 ). he results demonstrate that there is relationship between students' attitudes towards social justice and their possession different capitals. And the role of economic & cultural capital is more important than social capita in shaping such attitude. Students tend to the equality approach more than proportion and in the final analysis higher status students rather show most tendencies tu Economic Individualism and it is same about students who possess more economic capital. Students who possess more cultural capital have more tendencies towards proportion approach than others. Also students with higher social capital tend towards Equity approach. Sex & age also affect students· attitudes.
davoud hasan zadeh; maryam meskini
Volume 16, Issue 44 , May 2009, , Pages 155-192
Abstract
This paper tends to study the role of regional planning in the national planning system of Iran and its effect on human development in various provinces. In spite of efforts undertaken during recent years especially during the Third and Fourth National Economic, Social and Cultural Development Programs, ...
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This paper tends to study the role of regional planning in the national planning system of Iran and its effect on human development in various provinces. In spite of efforts undertaken during recent years especially during the Third and Fourth National Economic, Social and Cultural Development Programs, the regional planning and development and its role in the national planning system still presents a challenge deserving more efforts, because the regional inequality with its consequences poses an obstacle to balanced and sustainable development. To clarify the significance of regional planning in human development of the provinces, the secondary analysis method is applied on data from various national and regional surveys. Variables of economic development, social and spatial inequality and social capital are used to examine the extent of human development in different provinces. The study shows that in national development programs both before and after the revolution some steps were undertaken to foster the regional planning in Iran, but the Third and Fourth Development Programs could be considered out standing in this regard. The situation of regional development is also investigated here using variables such as economic development, social capital and socio! and spatial inequity, and considering their impact on human development.
nader salar zadeh; reza mahbubi
Volume 16, Issue 47 , February 2009, , Pages 229-271
Abstract
Attaining material and spiritual welfare has always been a human being dream with special shape in different eras of human life which creates its own special mechanism in the society. For this reason, many governmental plans and programs and also community planners' tendencies have been inclined toward ...
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Attaining material and spiritual welfare has always been a human being dream with special shape in different eras of human life which creates its own special mechanism in the society. For this reason, many governmental plans and programs and also community planners' tendencies have been inclined toward approaches providing higher welfare for the citizens. Fulfilling this demand, in the present era, requires particular requirements due to specialization of most components of human being life in which equipping with knowledge and specialty constitutes the most paramount one. The most important institution responsible initial training of expert human resources in the society is Ministry of Education and upgrading the efficacy of this vital organization will be a step forward toward higher social welfare for the citizens providing that the related parameters can be identified. Social capital is one of the conceptual tools in sociology domain which in recent decades has acquired its real position as an effective component in various areas. This study was carried out in order to examine the impact of social capital over academic achievements of student studying in pre university course of studies in Uremia. The statistical sample of this study entailed 380 pre - university students and in addition to the main subject of study, namely potential relationship between social capital and student academic achievement, six other ancillary theories were investigated too. This study was conducted in progressive basis via performing interviews in the framework of the researcher - devised questionnaire followed by processing the resultant data by SPSS software package. The results indicated a positive but poor correlation between the social capital and achievement in students studying at pre - university course in Uremia. Also, according to the findings, the impact of students' family socio-economic status over their academic achievements was more significant and perceptible rather than impact of their social capital. The study revealed that there was no relationship between students general knowledge and information and student achievements but a relation was found between social communication levels and student self - confidence level and their academic achievements. A significant relation was also found between parents' educational level and occupation and children academic achievement.
ali rabani; mohamad gangi
Volume 15, Issue 41 , August 2008, , Pages 35-65
Abstract
Social capital, along with of economic and human capital, is an effective variable in development. According to many theorists, social capital, pointing to the relationships and network of connections among people. helps analysis of many quastions, including: why some people, groups and social classes, ...
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Social capital, along with of economic and human capital, is an effective variable in development. According to many theorists, social capital, pointing to the relationships and network of connections among people. helps analysis of many quastions, including: why some people, groups and social classes, achieve higher. political, economic and social development than otheres. It seems that in studying social capital, special attention is given to religion. In fact Religion is a fundamental factors in formation of social capital in a country like Iran. Therforc, the relation between religion and social capital should be studied seviously. This research studied the relationship between religion and social capital in Isfahan University, and found direct and strong relations between the two variables.
mohamad abdollahi
Volume 14, Issue 38.39 , February 2008, , Pages 30-57
Abstract
Social capital is a complex and muhi-dimensional construction or concept. It has different types. levels, objective and subjective aspects. causes and consequences. characteristics which have not been made explicit theoretically and empirically. The classical social thinkers only considered the content ...
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Social capital is a complex and muhi-dimensional construction or concept. It has different types. levels, objective and subjective aspects. causes and consequences. characteristics which have not been made explicit theoretically and empirically. The classical social thinkers only considered the content of social capital. Among the contemporary social scientists such as Parsons. Habennas, Giddens. and Castells, some of the components and indices of social capital are dealt with. and yet among some others such as Bourdieu, Putnam. Fokuyama, the exact concept of social capital has been discussed explicitly. The latter group has developed the theoretical dimension of social capital. The empirical dimension of social capital has been considered by the states, international organizations. and social researchers. But in spite of considerable theoretical and empirical works published. there remain rnany theoretical and methodological problerns such as reductionist dualism, weak distinction between causes and consequences. and lack of theoretical integration of the empirical works. This article considers characteristics of social capital. A multi-dimensional scale has been developed its measurement. and an integrated theoretical model is offered for its analysis. All these as solution have been used 10 distinguish the types, levels, dimensions. and consequences and to define the main causes through multi-variant analysis. The results are presented as an applicable example for the measurement and analysis of social capital in Iran.
nauser salar zadeh; davoud hasan zadeh
Volume 13, Issue 33 , May 2006, , Pages 1-26
Abstract
This study investigates the effects of social capital on the job salisfaction of Tabriz primary schools teachers. Social capital and job satisfaction arc important in social welfare development. A random sample or 350 teachers were selected. Data was collected by means of questionnaire. For the measurement ...
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This study investigates the effects of social capital on the job salisfaction of Tabriz primary schools teachers. Social capital and job satisfaction arc important in social welfare development. A random sample or 350 teachers were selected. Data was collected by means of questionnaire. For the measurement of social capital Bullen and Onyx social capital scale, and for the measurement job satisfaction Bright Feld scale was used. Findings show that the social capital significantly influences the job satisfaction or teachers. There was no meaningful difference between females and males, in this regard. The regression analysi» of the social capital indicators on the rate of joh satisfaction shows that the indicators concerning the objective dimension of social capital has the highest effect upon juh satisfaction. Generally, indicators or social capital explained 16 percent of variance of job satisfaction.
mohammad saeed zakaai; payam rowshan fekr
Volume 12, Issue 32 , February 2006, , Pages 1-37
Abstract
Reliance of local community on its own resources for promoting quality of life and resolving its collective problems has been the Focus of schools such as communitarianists, JH:!\V right, new left and the third ,vay. The basis of these approaches is enhancing capacities and mobilizing resources on a ...
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Reliance of local community on its own resources for promoting quality of life and resolving its collective problems has been the Focus of schools such as communitarianists, JH:!\V right, new left and the third ,vay. The basis of these approaches is enhancing capacities and mobilizing resources on a local level. It seems that cognitive and structural social capital together serve as suitable analytical concepts for identifying the potential for prcsocial behaviours and sociahvelfarc in different communities. Any measurement cf social capital, therefore, implies measurement of a society's potential to govern itself. Drawing on both micro (personal) and macro (urban areas) levels, the present paper aims at showing factors affecting social capital in different urban districts, and the relationship of social capital with other capitals. The findings indicate the structural variation of social capital in different urban districts. Social capital on both subjective and structural levels is directly related to physical capital.
hoseyn fekr azad
Volume 10, Issue 21 , May 2003, , Pages 53-77
Abstract
The world today is charcrerizcd by special specifications some of which are as follows: Rapid changes, severe changes in power, increasing complication in plans, variety and unstability of products, plurality in modles of development, day to day competitions in management. The abcve lead individuals ...
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The world today is charcrerizcd by special specifications some of which are as follows: Rapid changes, severe changes in power, increasing complication in plans, variety and unstability of products, plurality in modles of development, day to day competitions in management. The abcve lead individuals and social groups to variety of challenges spccialy in developing societies. Social workers can play vital roles to enable people to cope with the situation and reduce tension and challenge. They are able to help people changing their attitudes, aliving their conformity, participation, social engineering, removing crisis and social rehabilitation. In this article the emphasis in on challenges in developing world and the function of social workers.
