Ahmad Ghiasvand
Abstract
This study aimed to describe and explain the values and attitudes of women about gender behaviors in Tehran. The theoretical framework of the study has used Ajzen and his colleagues, Julian Rotter, and Chalabi's theory of behavior. The survey method has been used for research and its statistical population ...
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This study aimed to describe and explain the values and attitudes of women about gender behaviors in Tehran. The theoretical framework of the study has used Ajzen and his colleagues, Julian Rotter, and Chalabi's theory of behavior. The survey method has been used for research and its statistical population is "All girls and women of 15 years and more of Tehran in 1399". The data collection is done through the questionnaire tool and the method of sampling is multi -step sampling; According to Cochran formula, the sample size is estimated at 1200 people. According to the theoretical framework of the research, gender behaviors were considered as dependent variables and gender identity, meaning, opportunity and norms as independent variables. The findings of the study describe the attitude of marriage, the role of maternal, fertility, employment, and the tendency to educate women. Among married women the most important concern is maintaining family life; in contrast, the marriage is the least important for single girls. In the final analysis, it can be concluded that the extrabiological pattern of women's gender behaviors in the form of feminist and individualistic values and attitudes is overwhelmed by the biological pattern.
Ahmad Ghiaysvand
Abstract
Ahmad Ghiasvand Date of Receive: 2014/10/3Date of Accept: 2015/4/7Abstract Citizenship is considered one of the most important indicators of modern society. Above all, it consists of the rights and duties of citizens, including civil, political and social. Aiming to analyze the trends and Typology of ...
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Ahmad Ghiasvand Date of Receive: 2014/10/3Date of Accept: 2015/4/7Abstract Citizenship is considered one of the most important indicators of modern society. Above all, it consists of the rights and duties of citizens, including civil, political and social. Aiming to analyze the trends and Typology of citizenships in this study, the survey among people 18 years and above were conducted in Tehran. The sampling method of "multi-stage sampling", for the validity, face and construct validity and for the reliability of the test, Cronbach’s alpha were used. Results indicate that the average of the civil rights is less than the duties of citizenship. In other words, the average score for political, social and civil rights is less than political, social and civil duties. On the other hand, according to four types of orientation towards citizenship like as active, passive, the rights and duties, four types of citizenship can be distinguished from each other: good citizenship (20 percent) obedient citizenship (40 percent), the ideal citizenship (30 percent) and apathetic citizens (10 percent). According to the findings, active-passive attitude with dominant feature of duties have the greatest impact on the development of citizenship. This causes a part of citizenship development from down to up, show itself in a revolutionary manner, and the other part of citizenship is considered forward, seeking partnerships, legal and useful for the society and state. So if many social, political and civil practices of society in different situations can be taken into account as the development of citizenship, it can be said that society of Iran faces with the dialectic of the sense of citizenship (civil society), protest (civil citizenship) and ideal (political citizenship) which brings about different opportunities and threats for the society.
