A Sociological Study of the Effects of Prison on Prisoners
jafar
sekhavat
هیئت علمی دانشگاه علامه طباطبایی
author
text
article
2003
per
The effects of prison on prisoners are usually evaluated through repetition of crime by prisoners outside prison. In this study the effects of prison is evaluated by three variables which are emphasized by control theorists such as Gottfredson and Hirshe. The degree of attachment to family, to society, and self - concept. Independent variables are three types: prisoner's individual characteristics, the characteristics of crime, and prison's conditions. The statistcal population of this study were all prisoners who entered the two prisons of Tehran (Evin and Ghasr) every other day during a week. The sample has been interviewed once in time of arrival and once two to four months after arrival to prison. Having visitors, lacking previous file of conviction, being born outside of capital and having been convicted for non-financial crimes were related to the attachment to family. The shorter period of living in prison and not receiving the decree of conviction were related to the attachment to society. The kind of prison (Evin), having visitors, and lacking previous of conviction were related to the self - concept of prisoners. Except such relationships, prison as a total institution was not able to change the prisoner's conformity with family, society and positive self - concept.
Social Sciences
Allameh Tabataba’i University
1735-1162
9
v.
20
no.
2003
1
33
https://qjss.atu.ac.ir/article_5233_0dac37101dc000de78bad662d3d37f6a.pdf
None-Verbal Communication and Development of Tourism
mehdi
karubi
هیئت علمی دانشگاه علامه طباطبایی
author
text
article
2003
per
Non-verbal communication includes all of the messages that people wil use in addition to the words. With using verbal and non-verbal communication correctly in knowledge, actions, and business we can improve our way of life. There is no language and culture that dosen't use non-verbal communication. People can communicate without using a single word. in order to express their trud feelings. It is obvious that tourism is the only industy that uses non-verbal communication in extreme. Scholars, specially, Bear Dovisal who studied this issue more than others estimate that least 65% of the communication are done facially and physically. Consequence and results of the research in some of the colleges and universities of trade and management in foreign countries show that the main problem of the graduates is difficulty in communication and publication. This problem has not received enough at them in Iran, particularly in tourism. The specialists and service providers have difficulty with this issue too. Specially when they face people of other cultures. Then the type of cultures teaches us how to communicate. Consequently, training in verbal and non-verbal communication is very necessary in tourism industry. Among the ways of non-verbal communication, face, hands, type of voice (high, low, strength ... ) attraction, physical appearance and space between
Social Sciences
Allameh Tabataba’i University
1735-1162
9
v.
20
no.
2003
35
58
https://qjss.atu.ac.ir/article_5234_fa253b575602e6e27a18725ba6504733.pdf
A Study of the Preferable Media System For Afghanistan."
hashem
esmatolahil
دانشجوی دانشگاه علامه طباطبایی
author
text
article
2003
per
One of the main objectives of this research was to explain the desirable system for Afghanistan media. The media system of this country, in which journalism is as old as 129 years, is now declining, as a result of the crisis and the 23-year war. In order to fill in this communication gap with the past and to preserve achievements of this cultural industry, I decided to explain the future desirable system of the media scientifically. To this end, I reviewed the doctrines and systems of the western media. I also considered the journalistic experiences of Afghanistan, applying the test of freedom. Finally, for the first time ever, various systems of Afghanistan media were distinguished. Applying the Q Sort Method which is the most suitable method for testing theories, a questionnaire was desigend and prepared in the framework of the Likert 7 Degree Scale Questions. In making the questionnaire, 75 items, representing five Western media systems (Authoritarian, Liberal, Social Responsibility, Communist and Media Development) were used. The questionnaire was sent to 60 Afghan professors and journalists who had the experience record of working as journalist for the period of at least 10 years. Of these learned and experience individuals, 45 professors and journalists inside Iran and in other countries This article s based on the thesis of Dr. Mohammad Hashem Esrnatullahi, which was defended in Allamch Tabatabaci University. Social Sciences Faculty. in the presence nf the instructing and consultant pornfessors and the referees. that people are important. In tourism industry this is a very important problem that service providers pay attention to any of the elements mentioned above can send a special message to tourists when they communicate. Every culture has its own noverbal communication system. In order to develop the tourism industry further, it is necessary to know other cultures and their nonverbal communication system
Social Sciences
Allameh Tabataba’i University
1735-1162
9
v.
20
no.
2003
59
93
https://qjss.atu.ac.ir/article_5235_3667434913df596801b3c309c4505478.pdf
Objectives, Ideals, and Values of the Islamic Revolution of Iran Acccording to the Imam Khomeini's Viewpoint
fariba
shayegan
دانشجوی دانشگاه علامه طباطبایی
author
text
article
2003
per
One of the most important documents for the study of the goals and ideals of a revolution, among different documents of revolutions, is the messages and speechs of revolutionary leaders and ideologues. The aim of this paper is to study the goals of the Islamic revolution by content analysis of Imam Khomeini's speeches. In order to achieve this aim , 774 sentence of Saahifea - Noor (volumes 2-15: October 1977 - September 1981) were sampled and analyzed. Results show that from the viewpoint of Imam Khomeini, the most important goal was, cultural revival and reconstruction of Islam. The next most important goal was a political ones i.e. the downfall of Pahlavi regime and the constirueion of Islamic Republic. Furthermore , the comparision between Imam's viewpoints and the slogans ot the Islamic Revolution, analyzed by Panahi, shows that there good agreement among them. answered the questions. Having received the responses, statistical calculations were made by applying QUANAL Computer Software. The three types of interviewees (namely the professors, the journalists settled in Iran and the journalists living abroad) were divided into two categories; then the correlation coefficient between them was calculated in order to determine the degree of correlation between every interviewee with other interviewees. There were also calculated the weight amounts of interviewssa in Types 1 and 2, and Standard Grades (Z Scores) thereof using the given weight amounts. Finally, having analyzed the data, it was established that the interviewees primarily agree with Social Responsibility and Liberal Systems and that they oppose Authoritarian and Communist Media Systems. This is understood from the fact that that they have shown tendency towards enjoyment of liberal and non-governmental conditions. To put it another way, the desirable Media System for Afghanistan, according to 45 interviewees who filled in the questionnaire constituting the subject meatter of this research, is a combination of Social Responsibility and Liberal Systems and this result confirms the hypothesis of this research.
Social Sciences
Allameh Tabataba’i University
1735-1162
9
v.
20
no.
2003
95
124
https://qjss.atu.ac.ir/article_5236_cd4f85bb53fe83c607aaf666544117b6.pdf
The Images of Friendly States and Hostile States in Foreign News of IRIB
mohammad reza
mohammadi mehr
دانشجوی دانشگاه علامه طباطبایی
author
text
article
2003
per
People's view towards foreign countries is mostly formed by mass media especially TV and their foreign news. Foreign news reveal image of other countries. But the reflection of most foreign events is associated with a special bias. It means that events of freindly states are broadcasted with a positive bias while events of hostile and countries are presented with a negative bias. Thus, we seldom witness neutral reflection of foreign events. In this research, content analysis of foreign news the Iranian television was conducted. Research findings indicate that the Iranian TV usually selects positive news about the allied states and the news showing stability of these countries; and broadcasts unstability of hostile states and present them with negative image. The, long term reflection of biased foreign news leads to audience's positive attitude towards allied countries and negative attitude towards hostile ones, hence this approach manipulates the audience's attitude towards foreign countries.
Social Sciences
Allameh Tabataba’i University
1735-1162
9
v.
20
no.
2003
125
147
https://qjss.atu.ac.ir/article_5237_6bd1f1b889748114dcaaf4014101cba9.pdf