Sociology
Hamid Sarshar; Javad Kashi; Ali Janadleh
Abstract
The present article aims to trace the understanding of Iran's collective identity in historical reference to the rationality of schools. The theoretical guide of the research is derived from the conceptual apparatus of Michel Foucault, and the methodological logic of the research is through the ...
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The present article aims to trace the understanding of Iran's collective identity in historical reference to the rationality of schools. The theoretical guide of the research is derived from the conceptual apparatus of Michel Foucault, and the methodological logic of the research is through the genealogical approach and Foucauldian discourse analysis. The findings of the study indicate that "historical events" and "multiple developments" during the "confrontation" at the beginning of the confrontation with the civilization of the West made Iran susceptible to multiple situations. Modern education, on the one hand, arose such a desire from within the society that here education is mainly focused on progress in the socio-economic fields and does not have a relation with the collective identity. On the other hand, the structural encounter with the Western world, the mainly military necessity of the government, and the health crisis led to the understanding and "technical rationality" of knowledge. The rationality that later at the end of the century, with the rebellion of the "progressive discourse" from its initial principles and the problematization of collective identity, put modern education at the service of "the impossibility of open collective identity."IntroductionA redefinition of society as “a land and political territory in the modern rational and center-oriented form” has brought about a new stage for human collective settlements. Having had a theory/idea whereby a society is perceived as a state-nation concept as required by modern historical rationality, the problem of collective identity has been raised. Now, with the break of boundaries of “time-space” and the possibility for “a direct action towards the place”, once again our perception of “society” is about to be historically broken. However, the question of the “collective identity of Iran” still remains as one of the serious issues. The simultaneous intermingling of good and evil in modern political rationality has been the source of many misunderstandings and sufferings by confining our understanding of our identity in the form of geographical-political boundaries. But, understanding the collective identity beyond good and evil in history requires a transition from a moral point of view and a focus on historical circumstances.Literature ReviewStudies of collective identity in Iran have mainly focused on the issue of whether Iranian collective identity is a new phenomenon or a late phenomenon. In fact, the main controversy is whether collective identity is "discovered" or "constructed" in the contemporary world. Based on this, the three dominant approaches in the study of Iran's collective identity have been the "nationalistic" narrative, the "modern" narrative, and the "historical" narrative. The nationalist narrative considers Iran's collective identity as a pre-modern phenomenon. The modern narrative considers collective identity as a phenomenon related to the modern world and the formation of state-nations. The historical narrative considers collective identity as a pre-modern phenomenon that has changed over time and has emerged in the modern world in the form of national identity. Dominated by modern rationality, socio-historical studies on Iran which have assumed the collective identity as a sacred affair of fact within a state-nation framework, have been searching for the reasons for collective identity formation, often from a rationalistic and subject-oriented standpoint; so, the question on how such a phenomenon is realized in modern institutions which function as an area where the relations between dominant forces and rationality play the most essential role in organizing modern societies, seems to be the missing part of such socio-historical studies.Research ObjectivesThis research aims to examine the collective identity of contemporary Iran with reference to history in educational practices. This article intends to map the current history of Iran's collective identity with a genealogical approach, in order to record the evolution and heterogeneity of the collective identity outside of a uniform finality by refusing to look for origins. In analyzing the collective identity in the discursive and institutional fabric of contemporary Iranian history, our focus in this research is on the institution of education and educational practices.Theoretical FoundationsThis research is theoretically placed in the postmodern epistemological paradigm, and specifically, the theoretical guide of the research is derived from the conceptual apparatus of Michel Foucault. The author has aimed to trace back the contemporary collective identity of Iran by making historical references to scholastic rationality and educational acts within Foucault’s genealogy, conceptual framework, and logic. From the perspective of Foucault's genealogical approach, the possibilities and impossibilities of social phenomena and their nature can be deciphered in the knowledge-power system.Materials and MethodsThis research has been done using genealogical methodological logic and Foucauldian discourse analysis. Genealogy does not provide a precise methodological logic, but rather an insight to understand the phenomena. An insight that explores the logic of social order, social developments, and the actions of social agents in relation to power-knowledge. An exploration that looks for traces of today's events in the past. Genealogy goes back to history to investigate and understand phenomena, and in this regard, its main emphasis is on dominant rationalities and the formation of power relations.ResultsThe findings of the research indicate that "historical events" and "multiple developments" during the "confrontation" at the beginning of the confrontation with the civilization of the West made Iran susceptible to multiple situations. Modern education, on the one hand, arose such a desire from within the society that here education is mainly focused on progress in the socio-economic fields and does not have a relation with the collective identity. On the other hand, the structural encounter with the Western world, the mainly military necessity of the government, and the health crisis led to the understanding and "technical rationality" of knowledge. The rationality that later at the end of the century, with the rebellion of the "progressive discourse" from its initial principles and the problematization of collective identity, put modern education at the service of "the impossibility of open collective identity."
Akram Hamidian
Abstract
The epidemic corona disease has surrounded worldwide for several mounts. However, in this short period of time, it has left very significant social, economic, political and even cultural impacts on all communities that affected by this disease. In this paper, it is tried to analyze the effect of corona ...
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The epidemic corona disease has surrounded worldwide for several mounts. However, in this short period of time, it has left very significant social, economic, political and even cultural impacts on all communities that affected by this disease. In this paper, it is tried to analyze the effect of corona disease on the religion in Iran, through qualitative and participatory observation method. Trend analysis of the corona's prevalence and observation of the actions of social agents showed that this disease has had significant effects on the socio-religious actions of agents, the political legitimacy of the government and cultural changes in the field of religion. According to strong interconnectedness of religion and politics in Iran, it can be said that the physiological and medical challenge of Covid 19 has led to a political-religious challenge for the government. Also despite the lack of security conditions based on the vital emergency, visible changes are taking place in the process of changing from religious beliefs to customary values.
parniya razipur; farah torkaman; ali rahmani
Abstract
The present research aimed at the sociological study of the jokes associated with the relations among different social groups in Iran, with emphasis on Telegram jokes in 2018, and attempted to answer the following questions: What messages do the jokes have about social groups from the social perspective? ...
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The present research aimed at the sociological study of the jokes associated with the relations among different social groups in Iran, with emphasis on Telegram jokes in 2018, and attempted to answer the following questions: What messages do the jokes have about social groups from the social perspective? What feelings do these messages want to express? In order to answer these questions, we have used Kemper’s Power-Status Theory alongside investigating the existing literature on the sociology of emotions and sociology of humor. This research was conducted using quantitative-qualitative content-analysis method and the statistical population of the research was the jokes exchanged on Telegram in 2018. The results of the research on the content of the jokes indicate that the concepts of gender, ethnicity and family constitute the most significant group and intra-group issues, in which power and status confrontations are seen at most. On the other hand, jokes are used as efficient instruments for criticizing power and status inequalities in different social groups.
Sociology
Hasan Nazari; Seyfollah Seyfollahi; Hasan Saraie
Abstract
The present study has been conducted with the aim of offering a sociological examination and explanation of the discourse of political identity in Iran after the revolution. Therefore, the concept of political identity has been the focus of the investigation, and its semantic transformations has first ...
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The present study has been conducted with the aim of offering a sociological examination and explanation of the discourse of political identity in Iran after the revolution. Therefore, the concept of political identity has been the focus of the investigation, and its semantic transformations has first been studied in the macro semantic spectrum of the Islamic Revolution, and then in the two discourses of reformist and conservative parties in the framework of intra and inter-textual analysis according to discourse theory and using critical discourse analysis in six historically important and influential junctures during these years. Subsequently, as a way of extra-textual analysis, the historical, economic, political and cultural context of each period has been examined. Finally, this analysis and explanation have depicted a series of final typologies regarding the topic, mainly being: The desired political identity of the legal positivist liberal subject, the democratic anti-tyranny subject, the religious justice-seeking subject, the revolutionary obligation-centered subject, the populist anti-abuse subject, the moderate, justice-oriented critic subject.
Mohammad Osman Hosseinbor; Abdolrasol Hasanifar
Abstract
Investigating the interactions between religion and politics, or in other words, the political role of clergy or religious forces is one of the most important subjects of Iran socity in recent centuries. Considering this fact that the process of modernization in many countries has helped to undermine ...
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Investigating the interactions between religion and politics, or in other words, the political role of clergy or religious forces is one of the most important subjects of Iran socity in recent centuries. Considering this fact that the process of modernization in many countries has helped to undermine religious traditions, phenomena such as Islamic Iranian revolution and the growth of Islamic fundamentalism have doubled the importance of this matter. This article, through a historical overview of the changes in Iran during Reza Shah and based on the theory of John Kenneth Galbraith, try to study the political role of the clergy in this period and their relationships with Reza shah. In this regard, two periods can be distinguished. In a period, the clergy have an active and outstanding political role and even in a kind of legitimacy of power and government. But in other period, their political role was weak and against Reza Shah. The difference between the political role of the clergy in the period of Reza Shah has a direct relationship with the resources and means of power of clergy on the one hand and Reza shah on the other hand. Keywords: clergy, Reza Shah, power, Iran, theory of Galbraith.
mohsen Kermani; Abolfazl Delavari
Abstract
Abstract With the rise of disputes from the rotation of the post-modern and post-structuralism and post-marxism in the social science literature, the concepts of ideology, hegemony, the subject, power and resistance became most usable and controversial concepts in this area. Outcome of this dispute was ...
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Abstract With the rise of disputes from the rotation of the post-modern and post-structuralism and post-marxism in the social science literature, the concepts of ideology, hegemony, the subject, power and resistance became most usable and controversial concepts in this area. Outcome of this dispute was a range of views and interpretations of these concepts. Depending, in recent years the trend and interest in the intellectual climate of our society, particularly in terms of vogue theory and discourse analysis has been established. However, in some cases it can be seen that these concepts without attention and awareness of the theoretical and conceptual similarities and differences between them are used. Accordingly, in the present article trying with obtaining analytical and critical approach similarities and differences of these concepts in the view of most theorists in the field such as Marx, Althusser, Gramsci, Foucault and Laclau and Mouffe be studied and explained. The results of this study implies that each of these concepts find the different mean in different theories. Thus the researchers before applying any of the above concepts must identify the appropriate theoretical approach with expected meaning of these concepts.Because the traditional concept of ideology and hegemony value-loaded and is based on the existence of transcendental truth. While discourse analysts deny the existence of truth and believe that these discourses that serve to define the truth.
Hadi Khaniki; Hossein Basirian
Abstract
Abstract In recent years, virtual social networks, more than any other type of modern media, have provided a ground for activism. The discourse of power, which made scholars of humanities to interpret such acts from different perspectives, is now defined in the cyberspace in a very complicated and networked ...
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Abstract In recent years, virtual social networks, more than any other type of modern media, have provided a ground for activism. The discourse of power, which made scholars of humanities to interpret such acts from different perspectives, is now defined in the cyberspace in a very complicated and networked manner. Accordingly, the users’ activism gives a way to mobilization and unity of the followers of a certain belief in the virtual media culture. In the present paper, first, using the viewpoints of prominent scholars, different aspects of power especially in recent years are explained in order to present an analysis of the concept of power and the way it emerges and is applied in political, economic and social relations. Then, political, economic and social functions of virtual social networks are described and analyzed in three subjects, namely Tahrir square in the Egyptian Revolution, the Wall Street Movement in the US, and the Mock Combat, Water Guns Festival and support for working children in Iran, which are specifically related to the capacity of Facebook social network and the activism of its users in the real world.
maryam bijhani; kazem motamed nejhad; mohsen alini
Volume 16, Issue 46 , November 2009, , Pages 107-137
Abstract
This article studies change of media political discourses in field of government and religion interaction in Iran by Focusing on political power legitimacy 3- fold kinds in thought of Max Weber and meanwhile surveying formal political discourses (government) and their intended legitimacy in system of ...
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This article studies change of media political discourses in field of government and religion interaction in Iran by Focusing on political power legitimacy 3- fold kinds in thought of Max Weber and meanwhile surveying formal political discourses (government) and their intended legitimacy in system of Islamic Republic, determines legal legitimacy position in periods after revolution and at the same time delivers landscape of prevailing aspect of legitimacy of political system has been always in shade of charismatic legitimacy and after it in edge of traditional legitimacy and it seems it will be empowered in future too
