Meisam Ahrabian Sadr
Abstract
The objective of this study is to evaluate certain theoretical approaches that as a general framework, play a central role in analyzing spatial inequality in contemporary Tehran. The aim of this work is to identify the theoretical contribution of each study in connection with other research. Understanding ...
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The objective of this study is to evaluate certain theoretical approaches that as a general framework, play a central role in analyzing spatial inequality in contemporary Tehran. The aim of this work is to identify the theoretical contribution of each study in connection with other research. Understanding the general framework of spatial inequality analysis, the potentiality of each theory could be outlined and developed. In addition, clarifying the main factors of explaining Tehran's spatial inequality and understanding their similarities and differences, it is hoped that this study could provide the possibility of epistemological and methodological reflection on these basic approaches. Hence, initially through a brief review of the sociological theories focused on explanation of spatial inequality, an overview of the main concepts and assumptions of this field of social science has been presented. After that, exploring the archive of publications on the subject, the theories and opinions of the researchers, specifically those who have investigated on Tehran, have been criticized and reviewed. Using the scope of the literature, all findings are categorized in three levels of analysis, macro, and micro and mezzo, so that based on the level of analysis, the interpreting and analyzing of each theory could be possible. The results show that are some assumptions common between all researches. At the same time, some aspects of Tehran's spatial inequality has not been, sociologically and historically, explored yet or there are more rooms for further investigations. Therefore, on basis of this study, some area of research could be suggested which could develop our understanding about rapid socio-spatial changes in Tehran.
Ali Akbar Tajmazinani; Gholamreza Ghaffari; Yaser Bagheri
Abstract
The field of social security in this study is a sphere for interaction between different organizations, among which the Social Security Organization (SSO) is one of the most important. The position of this organization in the structure of social policymaking in Iran, along with its pervasiveness and ...
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The field of social security in this study is a sphere for interaction between different organizations, among which the Social Security Organization (SSO) is one of the most important. The position of this organization in the structure of social policymaking in Iran, along with its pervasiveness and financial resources which is a result of delay between the payment of the copayment of the insured and delivering the organization’s responsibilities in return, have given it a special position which attracts powerful actors to the field of social security, with the hopes that they can lead these resources, assets or policies towards their own benefit or decision-making. In such a situation, implementing social policies, reaching social goals, or attempting to avoid risks regarding the resources of the organization, all depend on the understanding of the main actors and their means for enforcing power. Therefore, the aim of the current study is to find the identity of the key actors in this field and their dynamics and means towards the SSO. The study was a qualitative research done through a documentary as well as a field method. Qualitative content analysis and interviews were used to collect and compare data, and critical examination in data analysis and also the technique of unipolar field analysis were used for both parts. Findings showed that the most important actors in the field are the institutions of parliament, state, employees, employers and the SSO, and each of them have their own different and specific means for interaction in the field which is explained in detail in the article. The field of social security in Iran does not follow the tripartitist approach in practice, and this issue, more than anything, is a result of the decline of the employee and employer institutes. The implication of this issue is the reinforcement of the parliament as a mediator, causing the advanced tripartite discussion to go in further decline. The problem is to know who the main actors are and how they act. The method is qualitative. There are some technics in this research such as qualitative content analysis and conversation for gathering data and critical study and one-pillar field analysis for analysis of data. The results show Parliament, state, labors and employers institutes and SSO are important players in the field. Their mechanism are noted in the article.
Sociology
Maryam Mokhtari; Sirus Ahmadi; Sayed Eslam Yazdanmehr
Abstract
Globalization of culture is one of the aspects of globalization. It is a dynamic process to which more complexity and concision is added every day. The aim of the current study is to examine the effect of the globalization of culture on the national identity of the students of Yasouj University. The ...
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Globalization of culture is one of the aspects of globalization. It is a dynamic process to which more complexity and concision is added every day. The aim of the current study is to examine the effect of the globalization of culture on the national identity of the students of Yasouj University. The method of research was done through conducting a survey, and the sample size of the study was calculated to be 400 female and male students through the Lin formula, and was done with a random stratified sampling method. The questionnaire included researcher-made and normalized questions. Its validity was measured through face validity, and its reliability through Cronbach’s alpha. The findings showed that the national identity of the people studied was relatively strong. Nevertheless, globalization of culture has an effect on it, in a way that from the 5 hypotheses related to the effect of globalization of culture on national identity, 4 were confirmed. Using the regression of a few variables, the most important independent variables affecting national identity were found to be reading non-domestic texts, consumerism, pluralism and gender. The final result is that about 38% of national identity’s variance was derived from the above variables.
gholamreza latifi; mehrnaaz amin aghai
Volume 13, Issue 36 , February 2007, , Pages 76-102
Abstract
Considering the importance of free-trade-zones in the economy of developed countries; and some undeveloped countries, it is necessary to probe the reasons of the unsuccessfullness of Iran's free-trade-woes. To achieve this goal, in this paper, at first, we describe the priority of free-trade-zones in ...
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Considering the importance of free-trade-zones in the economy of developed countries; and some undeveloped countries, it is necessary to probe the reasons of the unsuccessfullness of Iran's free-trade-woes. To achieve this goal, in this paper, at first, we describe the priority of free-trade-zones in the planning system of Iran. Then, introducing the factors effective in the advancement of free zones and analysing the corresponding information, we discuss some problems in utilizing such woes, and the reasons of their unsuccessfullness in Iran.
mehdi mohsenian raad; esmail ghadimi
Volume 16, Issue 47 , February 2009, , Pages 76-123
Abstract
This case study have done in four Ministries; I-Sciences, Researches and Technology, 2-Communications and Information Technology, 3- Culture and Islamic Guidance & 4- Economic and Property Affairs. Findings of this research indicates that Public relations in social, cultural, economical and technological ...
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This case study have done in four Ministries; I-Sciences, Researches and Technology, 2-Communications and Information Technology, 3- Culture and Islamic Guidance & 4- Economic and Property Affairs. Findings of this research indicates that Public relations in social, cultural, economical and technological ministries of Islamic Republic of Iran, is a formalistic and none efficient profession and have not yet achieved to maturation and couldn't be a really profession with favorable structure and functions. It's rather a quasi modem subsystem that helps to quasi organization (system) to guise a modem entity with really propagandistic activities. It has no responsibility to inform public opinions and publics (optimistically if there is) and costumers, because the Ministries that encompasses these public relations are dependent social systems and systematically responsive just to government or regimen and have no need to inform beneficiaries and there is no reason and compulsion to push them to be informative agency that has commitments to answer and inform any beneficiary! Hence, Theoretic model of these public relations seems to be propagandistic model. Interim interests and disguise of modem subsystem is main aspect of these public relations; with none informative and illusive communicative activities. Finally, their main job is to seduce people and costumers. Therefore, In Iran's public relations agencies, there is no policy and commitment to mutual and trust communication and even logic relations to gain mutual and long term rational interests.
mohamadsaeid zakaei
ozra jarllahi
Volume 11, Issue 25 , May 2004, , Pages 77-103
Abstract
The main question of this research was whether there is any relationship between delinquent behavior and the religiosity of the university students. The objective was to find out the relation between social delinquency and religion. To find out the answers to the above question two randomly selected ...
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The main question of this research was whether there is any relationship between delinquent behavior and the religiosity of the university students. The objective was to find out the relation between social delinquency and religion. To find out the answers to the above question two randomly selected groups of students were compared. There were 117 delinqeunt students in the study group and the same number of normal students in the control group. The data to test the hypothesis were collected through a questionnaire in addition to some obserration in the field. The data were analyzed wsing SPSS, and were done, wsing SPSS, by caparison of frequencies and Percentages, the Chi-square, Cramer's V and Kendall's Taub statistics. The results show that: A: Although majority of the students were religious, howe ner we found that the normal students were more religious than the delinquent students. B: Students' social class, as control variable, did not have any effect in the above result. C: The students' opinion towards the family life was another control variable. In the semi traditional group of students the above result between dependent and independent variables was found, but this was not the case in the modern group
mohammad abdollahi; borzoo morowat
Volume 12, Issue 32 , February 2006, , Pages 77-112
Abstract
This article explains the dominant type or collective identity among students. The major question concerns the type of identity (local, national and global) to which students feel belonging, responsibility and loyality, The relation of the students' type of identity to the extent, of their social interactions, ...
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This article explains the dominant type or collective identity among students. The major question concerns the type of identity (local, national and global) to which students feel belonging, responsibility and loyality, The relation of the students' type of identity to the extent, of their social interactions, reference groups, level of consciousness, self concept etc. are examined. The method used was survey, and the data were collected. using s questionnaire, which had already been checked for reliability and validity. The results show that the local identity is the dominant type of identity, and the global and national types of identities are the second and the third priorities amount the students. It seems that the national identity is challenged by local and global idcntites. This is related to the students' scope of social interactions, reference groups and level of consciousness. The three variables of the scope of relation ships, reference groups and degree of consciousness found lo have signiticaru relation with the students' identity, and had the greatest share in explaining and predictiong variations of the dominant type of identity among the students.
Somayeh Sadat Shafiei
Abstract
The study of actions of social agents is a part of the social history of Iran that has seldom been studied in detail, while such study is capable of providing valuable information about lifestyle, gender culture, and every day actions of men and women. Thus, with the aim of producing local knowledge ...
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The study of actions of social agents is a part of the social history of Iran that has seldom been studied in detail, while such study is capable of providing valuable information about lifestyle, gender culture, and every day actions of men and women. Thus, with the aim of producing local knowledge for gender and women studies, such investigation sociologically brings about systematic results. Regarding this, the present study focuses on researching documents and theoretical analysis of historical findings from the perspective of gender studies. Document analysis has been extensively employed as a research method for the current study. Over thirty published documents have been examined. Findings of the analysis demonstrate an inclination to superstitious as common beliefs in Qajar era. Employing a functional approach and according to role status, findings of this study indicate a gender difference in upholding such belief. Such inclination in women were expressed in a vast array of acts related to infertility, giving birth, child care, affection, protection against imaginary beings and in men manifested in a range of different acts including improvement in subsistence level, higher yields of lands, abundance of well water and protection against dangers. Moreover, the gender differences among the performers of superstitious and how these beliefs were put into practice is of special note.
Tahereh Khazaei
Abstract
Cancer is a social phenomenon with plural social realities arising from the experience and comprehension of people engaged with it. This research is conducted based on 43 in-depth, semi-structured interviews (with 10 cancer patients, 10 family members, and 23 healthcare staff including nurses, oncologists, ...
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Cancer is a social phenomenon with plural social realities arising from the experience and comprehension of people engaged with it. This research is conducted based on 43 in-depth, semi-structured interviews (with 10 cancer patients, 10 family members, and 23 healthcare staff including nurses, oncologists, psychiatrists, and psychologists) in Isfahan’s major cancer treatment center. The approach of the study is phenomenology accommodated by interpretive sociology, the method is basic qualitative research, the sampling technique is purposive combined with complementary, and the analytical technique is thematic analysis. The analysis of people’s narratives is conductive to five themes of dealing with cancer from laxity to subjectivity, patient’s bodily objectivity in redefining the daily life order, the binary of home/hospital and the patient’s spatial and social bewilderment, patient’s alienation under the other’s authority of the physician, and patient as an integrated whole in the nursing care system. Overall, while the Iranian narrative has its own particularities, it complies with the universal intersubjective comprehension of cancer in which the dominant intersubjective construct about cancer is rather shaped by the popular comprehensions (Reconstructing the basic idea of cancer as death and mortality) than the physicians’ authority.
Talat Allahyari; Sima Asadi
Abstract
AbstractThe aim of this study is to find out about the effectiveness of presented services by the wellـbeing organization on empowering female breadwinners. Empowerment has also been emphasized as an important way towards development in the Fourth program of the Islamic Republic of Iran. A quantitative ...
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AbstractThe aim of this study is to find out about the effectiveness of presented services by the wellـbeing organization on empowering female breadwinners. Empowerment has also been emphasized as an important way towards development in the Fourth program of the Islamic Republic of Iran. A quantitative method of survey was used. Presented services of the well-being Organization are the independent variable. Social and economic empowerments are taken as the dependent variable. Three centers with 80 respondents, who had received services for two years, were selected randomly as the experimental group. Eighty female breadwinners who have registered to receive services by the well-being Organization were selected as a control group. Thus, 160 questionnaires were filled out by the females in both groups. Cronbach’s alpha was 90 percent, which shows high credibility. For statistical analysis, independent T, Pearson correlation coefficient, and MANOVA were used. Findings revealed that there was a meaningful correlation between presented services and social and economic empowerment of female breadwinners. Presenting services to female breadwinners for two years has resulted in social and economic empowerment of female breadwinners.
ezatollah sam aram
Volume 4, Issue 7.8 , November 1999, , Pages 79-105
Abstract
The definition of rural development in this research is: change in the structure of rural society from traditional community to modern society. The main issue of the research was to evaluate the effects of different factors in rural development. The method of this research was quantitative comparison ...
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The definition of rural development in this research is: change in the structure of rural society from traditional community to modern society. The main issue of the research was to evaluate the effects of different factors in rural development. The method of this research was quantitative comparison of some developed and undeveloped villages- The factors studied include: literacy, rates and mass media (radio and Television) usage, land reform, agricultural services, rural cooperatives, and the reformative measures of Jahad-Sazandegi. The study indicates that the most important factors in rural develornent arc literacy rates, the presence of radio and television, and the land reform. Moreover, the research showed that given social and economical security to the rural areas, the development process starts.
ali asghar moghadas; maryam mokhtari
Volume 10, Issue 21 , May 2003, , Pages 79-105
Abstract
The purpose of this research is to investigate the economical, social and demographical factors inflouncy job satisfaction of local journalists were interviewed. The sample size was N= 135. Based on the Blau and Fischler theorise, 15 hypotheses were deducted. The findings showed that 11 Variables explained ...
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The purpose of this research is to investigate the economical, social and demographical factors inflouncy job satisfaction of local journalists were interviewed. The sample size was N= 135. Based on the Blau and Fischler theorise, 15 hypotheses were deducted. The findings showed that 11 Variables explained the job sausfaction of Journalists. Finally seven variables entered in to the rcgrcssin equation. The result shows that the type of newspaper, professional condition of Journals, goal attainment, censorship and politition condition, social behaviour of citizenship, the place of publication's newspaper and the Journalist's gender impact on job satisfaction. The grund correlation was 0.51.
Farshad Momeni; Ismail Aalizad; Vahid Mirebeigi
Abstract
For years researchers have associated the developmental problems of countries possessing natural resources like oil with the very fact of the possession of such resources. The numerous studies of this field have mostly focused on the theories of the Rentier State and the Resource Curse. Today, with the ...
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For years researchers have associated the developmental problems of countries possessing natural resources like oil with the very fact of the possession of such resources. The numerous studies of this field have mostly focused on the theories of the Rentier State and the Resource Curse. Today, with the advent of empirical research and theoretical criticism, there is little doubt with regards to the shortcomings of the classic theories of the field. The latest research has also attempted to mitigate the extremes of the classic theories of rentierism which usually cover a limited scope of the suggested outcomes of rentierism, and such theories have not formed a comprehensive and elaborate theory, nor have they presented an appropriate ideal type of the rentier state for historical investigations. The present paper presents a critical survey of the literature on rentierism, focusing on one main question: how can this theory be improved? With respect to this question, at first, rentierism literature will be reviewed, then the institutionalist theory of Douglass North shall be introduced. By recognizing the advantages and disadvantages of both theories, the present paper goes on to formulate new conceptual framework named the "Rentier Limited Access Order". Not only is this framework rooted in both theories, but it also goes beyond them and delivers new insights with which rentier states can be studied.
Mohammad Nezhadiran; Rozhan Hesam Ghazi
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to review and criticize the theory of Iranian modernity, Ali Mirsepasi, as one of the most important analyses that has been done on the Iranian in face of modernity which has tried to present multiple models of modernity as a new theory. The current study has used the analytical-critical ...
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The purpose of this study was to review and criticize the theory of Iranian modernity, Ali Mirsepasi, as one of the most important analyses that has been done on the Iranian in face of modernity which has tried to present multiple models of modernity as a new theory. The current study has used the analytical-critical method, while analyzing the main features of the theory of Iranian modernity, evaluating and criticizing its critical and positive aspects in the study of contemporary Iranian developments. Shortcomings of his analysis include paying great attention to the intellectual and cultural aspects of Iranian modernity while not paying attention to the structural and institutional aspects of it which effects the development of modernity. Moreover role of intellectuals in promoting political Islam and traditional forces and institutions in the Islamic Revolution have not been addressed. One of the most important findings of the current research is shedding light on positive aspects of his proposed model, which is based on the diversity of cultural and historical experiences of modernity and the attempt to draw a non-European-oriented image of it. The general result of this research indicates that the theory of Iranian modernity, while presenting a new approach and perspective to the study of contemporary Iranian history, postpones some of its crucial aspects emphasizing the need for new research.
ozra jaollahi
Volume 1, Issue 1.2 , February 1992, , Pages 80-95
ebrahim pasha
Volume 8, Issue 13.14 , August 2001, , Pages 80-100
Abstract
This article deals with a critical inspection of the way Marx and Weber had used the concept of "bureaucracy". Then, on this basis and with reference to historical milieu that mediated the establishment of each type of organization, a distinction was made between formal organization and bureaucracy. ...
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This article deals with a critical inspection of the way Marx and Weber had used the concept of "bureaucracy". Then, on this basis and with reference to historical milieu that mediated the establishment of each type of organization, a distinction was made between formal organization and bureaucracy. The resulting point elaborated a wider scope for study of organization. This breading of scope by providing more precision in analysis logically is rejecting the idea, which permanently condemn bureaucracy as a phenomenon in term of organizational pathology.
ahmad golmohamadi
Abstract
In recent three decades we have been witnessing increasing attention to culture in many fields of social sciences, including political science. Most prominent example of this development is restoration of theoretical research and case studies on political culture. So there has been an increasing volume ...
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In recent three decades we have been witnessing increasing attention to culture in many fields of social sciences, including political science. Most prominent example of this development is restoration of theoretical research and case studies on political culture. So there has been an increasing volume of different data collection about political culture of various societies by many researchers and research centers. Referring to these developments, the aim of this article is explaining recent increasing importance of researching political culture. So, firstly, we glance through genesis and development of researching political culture since 1950s. Then we'll try to recognize main factors that caused the revival of researching political culture in last decades of 20th century. Next part of the article introduces some important examples of such restoration, especially some researches and research centers. Finally, we depict characteristics of researching political culture in Iran.
Farnaz Nazerzadeh; Marzieh Moosavi; Hamideh Arakhi
Abstract
Abstract The present paper aims to study the relationship between intellectual property rights and social capital of author-professors of Iran. A number of hypotheses were developed and theoretical relationship among variables were established based on the theories of Putnam, Coleman, and Fukuyama as ...
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Abstract The present paper aims to study the relationship between intellectual property rights and social capital of author-professors of Iran. A number of hypotheses were developed and theoretical relationship among variables were established based on the theories of Putnam, Coleman, and Fukuyama as well as institutional and synergy views. The study population consisted of 310 AlzahraUniversity faculty members who had authored books, of whom 95 professors were selected as the sample of the study using simple random sampling. Likert scale was used to measure the variable of social capital, which consisted of the following components: trust in scientific environment, participation in scientific environment, expectations and commitments in scientific environment, and scientific interactions in the social network of authors. The components used in the measurement of intellectual property rights variable consisted of the existence of copyright law, authors’ awareness of the provisions of the copyright law, author's attitude towards the copyright law, and abuse of authors’ works. The results confirmed the primary hypothesis of the research, meaning that there is a positive relationship between intellectual property rights and social capital of author-professors with regards to authorship. Moreover, there is a significant relationship between the components of intellectual property rights and social capital of professors with regards to authorship.
Sociology
Mohammad Amirpanahi; Fatemeh Namiyan
Abstract
The basic challenge of poverty reduction policies in Iran is to present a true and real picture of this phenomenon. Although many studies have been conducted in the field of poverty, most of the studies have been isolated, diverse and unrelated, and often concentrated on the field of economics. ...
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The basic challenge of poverty reduction policies in Iran is to present a true and real picture of this phenomenon. Although many studies have been conducted in the field of poverty, most of the studies have been isolated, diverse and unrelated, and often concentrated on the field of economics. It makes it difficult to consider poverty in other dimensions. Due to the importance of understanding poverty and verifying the studies done, this study seeks for a comprehensive understanding of the phenomenon of poverty using meta-analysis and the study seeks to answer the question of what are the general factors affecting poverty and what are the shortcomings of poverty studies. The statistical population was 45 studies between the 2001-2021, of which 32 studies were selected based on sampling criteria. The findings of the research show that the studies of poverty in Iran are mainly focused on the field of economics and are descriptive, scattered, isolated and lack synergy. Even where they have focused on the causes of poverty, they are based on non-structural factors of poverty rather than deep structor of variables. These causes are: inflation, unemployment, lack of skills, economic capital, gender, dependency burden, social capital and education.
Women Studies
Hamideh Dabbaghi; Zeinab Rafieepour
Abstract
Motherhood is a central factor in the acquisition of women's identity, and it is crystallized as a clear, sacred, and consistent image in the gender socialization of women. Based on such a strong belief and core value around motherhood, infertility and not being a mother are considered a defect ...
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Motherhood is a central factor in the acquisition of women's identity, and it is crystallized as a clear, sacred, and consistent image in the gender socialization of women. Based on such a strong belief and core value around motherhood, infertility and not being a mother are considered a defect for women. Based on this, infertile women face many challenges and social problems beyond infertility, such as physical and medical issues, creating a different lived experience for them. After reviewing the theories of identity, interaction, cultural approaches, and biological-psychological-social approach, four concepts of infertility construction, infertility stigma, loss and grief, and role identity were used. Based on this, the central question of the current research is: what failures do infertile women perceive during their infertility experience, and what does it mean to them? This research is based on a qualitative approach and the application of thematic analysis using Max Q.D.A qualitative software. It is based on semi-in-depth and semi-structured interviews with 20 infertile women who live in Mashhad. The findings of this research show that women's experience of infertility refers to 3 main themes: suspended maternal identity, imperfect body perception and incomplete treatment.
Abolfazl Zolfaghari
alireza hoseini
Sociology
Hamid Sarshar; Javad Kashi; Ali Janadleh
Abstract
The present article aims to trace the understanding of Iran's collective identity in historical reference to the rationality of schools. The theoretical guide of the research is derived from the conceptual apparatus of Michel Foucault, and the methodological logic of the research is through the ...
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The present article aims to trace the understanding of Iran's collective identity in historical reference to the rationality of schools. The theoretical guide of the research is derived from the conceptual apparatus of Michel Foucault, and the methodological logic of the research is through the genealogical approach and Foucauldian discourse analysis. The findings of the study indicate that "historical events" and "multiple developments" during the "confrontation" at the beginning of the confrontation with the civilization of the West made Iran susceptible to multiple situations. Modern education, on the one hand, arose such a desire from within the society that here education is mainly focused on progress in the socio-economic fields and does not have a relation with the collective identity. On the other hand, the structural encounter with the Western world, the mainly military necessity of the government, and the health crisis led to the understanding and "technical rationality" of knowledge. The rationality that later at the end of the century, with the rebellion of the "progressive discourse" from its initial principles and the problematization of collective identity, put modern education at the service of "the impossibility of open collective identity."IntroductionA redefinition of society as “a land and political territory in the modern rational and center-oriented form” has brought about a new stage for human collective settlements. Having had a theory/idea whereby a society is perceived as a state-nation concept as required by modern historical rationality, the problem of collective identity has been raised. Now, with the break of boundaries of “time-space” and the possibility for “a direct action towards the place”, once again our perception of “society” is about to be historically broken. However, the question of the “collective identity of Iran” still remains as one of the serious issues. The simultaneous intermingling of good and evil in modern political rationality has been the source of many misunderstandings and sufferings by confining our understanding of our identity in the form of geographical-political boundaries. But, understanding the collective identity beyond good and evil in history requires a transition from a moral point of view and a focus on historical circumstances.Literature ReviewStudies of collective identity in Iran have mainly focused on the issue of whether Iranian collective identity is a new phenomenon or a late phenomenon. In fact, the main controversy is whether collective identity is "discovered" or "constructed" in the contemporary world. Based on this, the three dominant approaches in the study of Iran's collective identity have been the "nationalistic" narrative, the "modern" narrative, and the "historical" narrative. The nationalist narrative considers Iran's collective identity as a pre-modern phenomenon. The modern narrative considers collective identity as a phenomenon related to the modern world and the formation of state-nations. The historical narrative considers collective identity as a pre-modern phenomenon that has changed over time and has emerged in the modern world in the form of national identity. Dominated by modern rationality, socio-historical studies on Iran which have assumed the collective identity as a sacred affair of fact within a state-nation framework, have been searching for the reasons for collective identity formation, often from a rationalistic and subject-oriented standpoint; so, the question on how such a phenomenon is realized in modern institutions which function as an area where the relations between dominant forces and rationality play the most essential role in organizing modern societies, seems to be the missing part of such socio-historical studies.Research ObjectivesThis research aims to examine the collective identity of contemporary Iran with reference to history in educational practices. This article intends to map the current history of Iran's collective identity with a genealogical approach, in order to record the evolution and heterogeneity of the collective identity outside of a uniform finality by refusing to look for origins. In analyzing the collective identity in the discursive and institutional fabric of contemporary Iranian history, our focus in this research is on the institution of education and educational practices.Theoretical FoundationsThis research is theoretically placed in the postmodern epistemological paradigm, and specifically, the theoretical guide of the research is derived from the conceptual apparatus of Michel Foucault. The author has aimed to trace back the contemporary collective identity of Iran by making historical references to scholastic rationality and educational acts within Foucault’s genealogy, conceptual framework, and logic. From the perspective of Foucault's genealogical approach, the possibilities and impossibilities of social phenomena and their nature can be deciphered in the knowledge-power system.Materials and MethodsThis research has been done using genealogical methodological logic and Foucauldian discourse analysis. Genealogy does not provide a precise methodological logic, but rather an insight to understand the phenomena. An insight that explores the logic of social order, social developments, and the actions of social agents in relation to power-knowledge. An exploration that looks for traces of today's events in the past. Genealogy goes back to history to investigate and understand phenomena, and in this regard, its main emphasis is on dominant rationalities and the formation of power relations.ResultsThe findings of the research indicate that "historical events" and "multiple developments" during the "confrontation" at the beginning of the confrontation with the civilization of the West made Iran susceptible to multiple situations. Modern education, on the one hand, arose such a desire from within the society that here education is mainly focused on progress in the socio-economic fields and does not have a relation with the collective identity. On the other hand, the structural encounter with the Western world, the mainly military necessity of the government, and the health crisis led to the understanding and "technical rationality" of knowledge. The rationality that later at the end of the century, with the rebellion of the "progressive discourse" from its initial principles and the problematization of collective identity, put modern education at the service of "the impossibility of open collective identity."
khadijeh safiri; abuali vadad hir; somayeh talebi ardakani
Volume 16, Issue 44 , May 2009, , Pages 89-121
Abstract
This paper aims to examine the socially and culturally constructed nature or the issue of Mehriyeh among women grappling with the issue in Shiraz, Iran. More specifically, the study aims at the understandings, reasons and purposes of women to ask over their Mehriyeh, while they have it in mind getting ...
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This paper aims to examine the socially and culturally constructed nature or the issue of Mehriyeh among women grappling with the issue in Shiraz, Iran. More specifically, the study aims at the understandings, reasons and purposes of women to ask over their Mehriyeh, while they have it in mind getting divorced. This study, epistemologically, enjoys a social constructionist perspective for approaching the issue and, methodologically, draws on a qualitative approach for gathering/making and analyzing data. J,1 order of gathering data, twenty-six in-depth interviews were done with wives who had difficulties for receiving their Mehriyeh. Interviews were witnessed many difficulties in terms of feasibility. For instance, all interviews were done in a public place in Shiraz in two months. The findings of the research are evidence for heterogeneity of the issue of Mehriyeh in terms of roots, forms. and consequences. The interviewed women thought of Mehriyeh as a tool to defend their rights and autonomy and recover their styles of life. Moreover, handling the issues of Mehriyeh entails review and re-formulation of the laws to be improved the condition of marriage and divorce, women said.
