Shokouh Afyouni; Asemeh Ghasemi
Abstract
Historically men have notably migrated more often than women. However, these migration patterns have changed vastly during recent years; more women are now able to access higher forms of education which often allow them to attain a more privileged level of social status. There has especially been an ...
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Historically men have notably migrated more often than women. However, these migration patterns have changed vastly during recent years; more women are now able to access higher forms of education which often allow them to attain a more privileged level of social status. There has especially been an increase in the number of Iranian women migrating and as a result many authors have been questioning why such changes may have occurred. In this article, we attempt to answer the question: What are the experiences of Iranian immigrant women with a master's degree or higher living in the Canadian cities of Toronto and Montreal? To explore this question, 11 Iranian women (ages 20-40) who had chosen Canada to continue their higher education (masters and doctoral degrees) were interviewed. The study was conducted using the social interpretive approach and during the stage of information analysis the Colaizzi method was used. From the information obtained, it can be said that the lives of the participating women have changed immensely as a result of having migrated. This especially applies to their social lives, which seems to have been impacted drastically.
Gholamreza Zakersalehi
Abstract
The purpose of this article is to explore and consolidate the views of Iranian experts in the field of interaction of humanities and social sciences with society. The article begins with a review of ideas such as indigenous science, indigenous humanities, and then the idea of science and society, and ...
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The purpose of this article is to explore and consolidate the views of Iranian experts in the field of interaction of humanities and social sciences with society. The article begins with a review of ideas such as indigenous science, indigenous humanities, and then the idea of science and society, and then explores the views of foreign researchers in this field. Upon Interview with experts, content analysis has been done through open, axial and selective coding. Then the results were analyzed and drawn using MAXQDA software and a network of themes. Documentary findings based on literature in Iran represent at least five projects related to humanities: 1- Islamization of humanities: 2- Localization of humanities 3- practicalization 4- Empowerment, effectiveness and investment in humanities 5- Commercialization and technologizing humanities. In the section of content analysis, selected categories and codes are: approach, definition and perception of experts from society, para-academic experience, role and function, status of humanities and social sciences, background conditions for interaction, institutions and structures, communication of actors, promotion and generalization, communication and networking, involvement of people and science advisory. Finally, various suggestions for the promotion and improvement of human-social sciences and society are presented.
Women Studies
Somayehsadat Shafiei; zahra hosseinifar
Abstract
Due to a lack of historical resources in the field of women and gender, women’s journalistic texts are invaluable sources which mirror women’s general conditions, situations, concerns, and demands in different time periods in Iran’s contemporary history. In order to investigate their ...
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Due to a lack of historical resources in the field of women and gender, women’s journalistic texts are invaluable sources which mirror women’s general conditions, situations, concerns, and demands in different time periods in Iran’s contemporary history. In order to investigate their social positions, the obligatory and necessary expectations due to their roles and also their role characteristics – as sociological categories in women’s journalistic texts during the era of modernization in Iran – the present study has examined the well-known and well-established monthly journal of Zaban-e Zanan in the period of the years 1942-1946, coincident with the onset of the second Pahlavi reign. Although the data of a few variables has been collected through a quantitative method, the main method of the study has been qualitative content analysis. The results show that although the writers of the journal had modernist orientations, the social status of women was only defined in the private sphere. The roles of motherhood, wifehood and maidenhood were each accompanied by obligatory expectations and role characteristics which were emphasized by the journal, and motherhood and wifehood were the preferred main roles for women. Furthermore, having these three-dimensional roles during that period, women were required by the sociopolitical conditions of the country to meet expectations such as receiving education and learning skills in line with patriotism and in order to raise men who were worthy and who would protect their homeland.
masuleh ghara khani
Volume 16, Issue 45 , August 2009, , Pages 159-178
Abstract
Empirical research of Political violence and its relations with the political, economic. social and cultural variables is one of the important topics in comparative political sociology. This research utilizes modernization approach with a comparative method to examine the correlation between modernization ...
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Empirical research of Political violence and its relations with the political, economic. social and cultural variables is one of the important topics in comparative political sociology. This research utilizes modernization approach with a comparative method to examine the correlation between modernization and political violence among Muslim Countries Using the secondary data of quality of life index (QOL) as an indicator of modernization, and secondary data of political violence, the results of canonical analysis show the correlation between two sets of variables: First, there is a correlation between modernization and political violence, second. there is a high degree of correlation among cultural and economical variables from the set of quality of life (QOL) data with interwar variable from the set of political violence data.
Sociology
Sedigheh Ramezani; Abutorab Talebi; Bagher TalebiDarabi
Abstract
From the seventies onwards, Iran saw the emergence of New Sprituality and the increase in the tendency towards it, primarily confined to fringe groups which later on spread rapidly among different classes. The present study examines the causes and contexts of this tendency among different groups of citizens ...
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From the seventies onwards, Iran saw the emergence of New Sprituality and the increase in the tendency towards it, primarily confined to fringe groups which later on spread rapidly among different classes. The present study examines the causes and contexts of this tendency among different groups of citizens in Tehran by using the factors mentioned in various theoretical approaches. To achieve this goal, 23 semi-structured interviews were first conducted with New Spiritualists. Then, according to the results of the interviews, a questionnaire was designed and distributed among 600 citizens of Tehran. Sampling was done purposefully in the qualitative section and randomly from the blocks of Tehran in the quantitative section. The interviews were analyzed by the thematic analysis method, and the quantitative data were processed through the SPSS software and various tests such as Pearson correlation and linear regression. The results indicated a significant relationship between five factors and the tendency towards new spirituality. The ethical stress, emotionalism, access to new spirituality, and experiencing suffering had respectively the strongest to the weakest direct relationships and deprivation had a reverse relationship.
seyed mohsen saeedi madani
Volume 16, Issue 46 , November 2009, , Pages 161-186
Abstract
This article aims to compare classes system of caste in Rig• Vedic and Shah Namah which has made the two social structure in India and Iran societies. Although it is evident that the early Aryans who migrated into India were nomadic people, it is hard to presume that they had no social classes among ...
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This article aims to compare classes system of caste in Rig• Vedic and Shah Namah which has made the two social structure in India and Iran societies. Although it is evident that the early Aryans who migrated into India were nomadic people, it is hard to presume that they had no social classes among themselves for the Ring- Vedic hymns certainly present glimpses of three Distinct classes, These Rig - Vedic classes i.e. Brahman (priest) Rajanya (nobility) and Vaisya (commoner) formed the basis of the development of higher castes. Although we can see this three distinct in Shah Namah classes i.e. Kartoziyan (Priest), Neisriyan(Army), Basody(Farmer) and Ahto khoshy (Craftsman) This Rig- Vedic classification form a very close parallel to the Shah Namah's Iranian social classes. thre is much justification to in for that both systems have had a common origin. It is almost evidently established that the Aryan migration into India was a gradual over flow from Iran. It is obvious that the Rig - Vedic social classes were originated outside India and were diffused into India with Aryans.
Sociology
Soheila Alirezanejad; Nikzad Zangeneh
Abstract
The present study aims to examine the effect of women’s access to money (as a power relation) in power relations in underprivileged families, and the initial research question is that based on access to money, how are the power relations between spouses in these families categorized? The study ...
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The present study aims to examine the effect of women’s access to money (as a power relation) in power relations in underprivileged families, and the initial research question is that based on access to money, how are the power relations between spouses in these families categorized? The study was conducted with the institutional ethnography method and participatory rural appraisal (PRA) and through employing observational techniques (direct and indirect), in-depth unstructured interview, focused group discussion (FGD), and creating graphs of daily activities in two local communities of women, being Tekkieh Shohada (District 10) and Dastan Sabz (District 15) of Tehran. Findings show that money and power in family, even in a definite economic class, are deeply gendered concepts. Pocket money, allowance, visible money, invisible money, savings, inheritance and gifts from parents, informal loan funds and Mahr, are all funds to which women have access or which are resources for women. Women’s economic agency in the communities studied is defined as earning invisible money (through frugality) and managing male money. Female power is mostly close to influence and is persuasive and passive; meaning that it is formed through conformance to men and is of the executive dominance and less important in the general picture of things. Controlling the way of spending the money earned by women, refusing to give money or cash assistance, and preventing women or children’s basic needs such as food, medicine or other medical services from being provided, are all forms of economic abuse which women have experienced in the communities studied here. In return, emphatic tolerance can be imagined as a situation in which husbands, despite the difference in access to money, can adjust the power relations in an amicable way.
Rogaye Velayati; Davood Ebrahimpoor; Mohammadbagher Alizadeh Aghdam; Mohamad Abaszadeh
Abstract
The aim of this study was to "investigate students' tendency to lie". Research method, survey and statistical population, students of Islamic Azad University of Tabriz in 1398 with a sample size of 375 people were obtained by stratified method. The method of collection is using a questionnaire. Cronbach's ...
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The aim of this study was to "investigate students' tendency to lie". Research method, survey and statistical population, students of Islamic Azad University of Tabriz in 1398 with a sample size of 375 people were obtained by stratified method. The method of collection is using a questionnaire. Cronbach's alpha method was used to calculate the reliability coefficient of the measuring instrument and to judge the face and content validity of the questionnaire, professors' judgments on the subject were used.. The basis of the research is "Burger and Luckman's theory, Habermas, Bourdieu, Sutherland, etc." Spss18 and Amos were used to analyze the data. According to the results of the study, there was a direct relationship between "social fear, power structure in the family, social alienation, cultural poverty, relative deprivation" and an inverse relationship between "social, economic, cultural, communication action" and the tendency to lie. According to the results of multivariate regression analysis, "social, cultural and economic" factors explain 37% of the tendency to lie and 63% of the variance can be explained by variables outside the study
mahmud jome pour
Volume 8, Issue 15.16 , February 2002, , Pages 168-198
Abstract
The issue of informal sector in all developed and developing countries has been a fact a long formal sector and is considered a completing part of it. The informal sector in the third world and, in particular in urban areas, is very wide. As a result, considering this sector is important not only because ...
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The issue of informal sector in all developed and developing countries has been a fact a long formal sector and is considered a completing part of it. The informal sector in the third world and, in particular in urban areas, is very wide. As a result, considering this sector is important not only because of the duality in employment structure and economy but also because of the duality in various aspect of their urban, rural, regional, social, cultural, gender and education systems. This paper is based on a research undertaken to study informal economic sector in an area in tehran. The outcomes show that the issue of informal economy within urban economy and even within national economy is so important that it cannot be ignored. Consequently, any planning about urban quarters and different regions must include sufficient understanding of informal sector and its importance and role in the community.
Majid Movahed; Mohsen Arameshpour
Abstract
The human body in general, and physical attractiveness in particular is one of the topics that has become very important in today's world affected by new communication media, the growth of consumer culture, and it is one of the causes the formation of modern and postmodern discourses. The present research ...
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The human body in general, and physical attractiveness in particular is one of the topics that has become very important in today's world affected by new communication media, the growth of consumer culture, and it is one of the causes the formation of modern and postmodern discourses. The present research has been done with qualitative research method and grounded theory strategy. Data were obtained using purposive sampling and theoretical saturation criteria through in-depth interviews with 15 men aged 15 to 35 years who referred to fitness clubs in different parts of Shiraz who had at least 6 months of club membership, and have been analyzed based on three-step Corbin and Strauss coding. Some of the key categories are: public acceptance in the body of dramatic body management, gaining social influence among friends and neighbors consumption as a show in the context of family and community, learning discipline in life, stability in social relationships, negative perception of others about the athletic body of bodybuilders, desire for a healthy lifestyle, The negative consequences of bodybuilding, and self-differentiation and greater acceptance in the eyes of others. The core category is the management and display of the body as a strategy for social distinction
masumeh maarefvand
Abstract
Vygotsky’s cognitive development theory which is reputed as socio-cultural development theory is one of the constructivism theories that emphasizes considerable mutual act between learner and his/her social environment in cognition development. On the other hand, learner- centered method, which ...
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Vygotsky’s cognitive development theory which is reputed as socio-cultural development theory is one of the constructivism theories that emphasizes considerable mutual act between learner and his/her social environment in cognition development. On the other hand, learner- centered method, which is fundamentally based on Vygotsky’s theory, is known as the most important teaching method relied on constructivism theories. This paper reviewed present social field work in Iran followed by studying constructivism theory and learner- centered teaching method. And then a new model is provided for social work students in field work environment with stress on pragmatic aspects of Vygotsky’s theory and learner- centered method. This model shows how to use problem learning based learning, self-regulating, cognitive apprenticeship and performance based assessment in social field work. Suggested model explains teaching- learning process of social workers based on Gage and Berliner (1988) general teaching model. The most important issues are studied in this model are as follows: initial assessment (determining learners input, selection and setting teaching goals) determining teaching methods and skills, selecting educational sources and materials, determining learning activities and assignments and determining evaluation methods and skills.
aboalfazl zolfaghari
Abstract
There have been a lot of typologies on Islamic trends. Most of them were from the part of western writers who tried to connect Islamic thoughts to the westerly right and left factions and because of that they couldn’t properly distinguished Islamic trends from western attitudes. They have used ...
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There have been a lot of typologies on Islamic trends. Most of them were from the part of western writers who tried to connect Islamic thoughts to the westerly right and left factions and because of that they couldn’t properly distinguished Islamic trends from western attitudes. They have used labels and titles that are alien to Islamic attitude. Abdullah Saeed and Tariq Ramadan, two Muslim writers, used a different way to express the variety of Islamic religiosities and have tried to provide a precise definition of the Islamic attitude by correcting the deficiencies of western typologies. Through expressing typology of these two writers and by providing examples, instances and necessary reasons as well as comparing these two typologies, this paper intends to criticize them. The method of this article is a comparative one. Based on the criteria and characteristics of a successful and useful typology, the typologies of Abdullah Saeed and Tariq Ramadan were compared to show their mistakes, shortcomings and wrong generalizations. Not matching of the most typologies instances with existing realities of Islamic countries, often confuse the audiences, while Saeed and Ramadan, in their typologies, have abandoned these factions or have acceptably distinguished them from the Islamic religiosities
Sociology
Maryam Nahavandi; maryam moghadam
Abstract
The primary aim of the present study is to examine and compare work culture in Iran from different aspects. The main question in this investigation is to find factors which have caused a downward trend in work culture in Iran. Using global statistics (from WVS), the effect of factors such as the individual, ...
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The primary aim of the present study is to examine and compare work culture in Iran from different aspects. The main question in this investigation is to find factors which have caused a downward trend in work culture in Iran. Using global statistics (from WVS), the effect of factors such as the individual, family, population, religion, occupation and social capital on the work culture of the countries of Iran, Japan, China, Malaysia and Turkey have been studied. The sample population of each country included an urban and rural, male and female population which were chosen through probability sampling. The factors affecting the dependent variable has been tested through different methods, including, factor analysis of the dependent variable, examination of the effect of the sub-indices of independent variables using linear and logistic regression, measuring the relationship between the five independent variables (population, individual, religion, social capital and type of occupation) and work culture, and path analysis of the variables. From the variables influencing work culture, creativity has had the most effect in all countries. The findings show that compared to that of the other four countries, Iran’s work culture is severely low.
davar zareian
Volume 12, Issue 28.29 , May 2005, , Pages 173-211
Abstract
Throughout the history of scicence and technology, the development or the last decade of 20th century was unprecedented; hence, the results of the Industrial Revolution and the Electronic Revolution were integrated with information industry, and so, the information communication techmnologies (ICTs) ...
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Throughout the history of scicence and technology, the development or the last decade of 20th century was unprecedented; hence, the results of the Industrial Revolution and the Electronic Revolution were integrated with information industry, and so, the information communication techmnologies (ICTs) was founded. ICTs was such a colossal phenomenon that its huge results and achievements were unpredicatable by its inventors. By the JCT, not only the material life was changed, but also the grounds of ideas and mentally of humman beings have undergone vast and profound changes. The life styles, economics, education and the national sovereignty of the countries have changed and JCT was utilized and penetrating in every affair. This paper is an outlining of an extended research which its aim is to offer ways for telecommunication development. Review of experiences, world wide procedures in JCT field. such as privatization, compatibility, mobile service development, globalization and other nations approaches to this category, especially what has happened in relation with the ICT in developing countries are depicted and explained in this paper. The most significant part of this paper is the introduction of ICT functions in developments which depicts, based on the contents, how the development of telecommunication is a must, finally noting the experiences of the other nations and UN as well a proposal for national ICT development is offered.
nader salar zadeh; mohamad sheykhi
Volume 14, Issue 38.39 , February 2008, , Pages 173-202
Abstract
This paper is a comparative study of the level of attention of the Iranian members of parliament (MPs) to the 38 indexes of social welfare during the fourth (1369-1373) and sixth (1379-1383) Majlises. The method of this study was content analysis. The data for the analysis was gathered from 92 speeches ...
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This paper is a comparative study of the level of attention of the Iranian members of parliament (MPs) to the 38 indexes of social welfare during the fourth (1369-1373) and sixth (1379-1383) Majlises. The method of this study was content analysis. The data for the analysis was gathered from 92 speeches by MPs, randomly selected from their addresses to the Majlis, The findings show little attention paid to social welfare issues, such as rising inflation, employment levels, provision of personal and social hygiene facilities, immigration trends, and the availability of infrastructural services to individuals and the social groups, by the MPs of both Majlises. Some differences observed in the attention of MPs to cultural clashes, social security, power-distribution mechanism and the level of personal liberties can be attributed to the differences inMPs political inclination and factions in the two terms of the parliament.
Mostafa Bagheriyan; gholamreza khoshfar
Abstract
Abstract As a form of participation, political participation is one of the social and political development indicators in countries. Students are one of the major groups of a society whose participation is necessary in the management of a society and the process of political, social and cultural development. ...
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Abstract As a form of participation, political participation is one of the social and political development indicators in countries. Students are one of the major groups of a society whose participation is necessary in the management of a society and the process of political, social and cultural development. Political participation of students, the largest population group in developing countries and responsible for the management of society in the future, is of particular importance for political stability and dynamics of society. This study was conducted to identify the relationship between religion and political participation among students. The research method was based on collecting and analyzing data, survey methodology. The study included 249 students of Mazandaran University. To collect information a questionnaire was used and its credit and reliability was approved using formal method and Cronbach's Alpha, respectively. Based on the results, there was significant correlation between religiosity and its four dimensions (religious behaviors, religious beliefs, outcomes, experiences) with political participation. The correlation remained even with controlling gender and age group. Among the four dimensions of religiosity, rituals showed the strongest correlation with political participation. The results of this study are consistent with previous researches. Keywords: Religious, Political participation, Students, Mazandaran University.
Ahmad Ghiasvand; Zeinab Hajilu
Abstract
In the last three to four decades girls in the social and cultural change of Iranian society have experienced different opportunities and restrictions to start life. In this regard, what can be proposed as a general issue of this research is to understand single lives experienced by girls, and their ...
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In the last three to four decades girls in the social and cultural change of Iranian society have experienced different opportunities and restrictions to start life. In this regard, what can be proposed as a general issue of this research is to understand single lives experienced by girls, and their contexts and challenges, so that it can be theorized through the method of grounded theory. Participants in this study were girls of 30 years and older in Tehran in 1397. Sampling was based on the theoretical sampling and purposive sampling and, 22 individual interviews were conducted with two groups of individuals. According to coding processes the main category is extracted as a central phenomenon is "Girls Pantomime in marriage'' and also, the decision-making process of girls exposed to marriage opportunities is categorized In four scenes as: not recounting marriage, not involving girls in marriage, delaying marriage. Such attitude of marriages provides synchronicity of decision, hesitation, delay for marriage. In turn, it provokes strategies with themes "experiencing separation and segregation" by girls. Such experiences, as well as strategies, have consequences and challenges in the form of continuing the social breath by pursuing professional advancement, praising piety, abandoning the cactus of life and the horrors of old age.
Nezam Bahrami Komeil
Abstract
Many scholars, especially sociologists, believe that the contrast between tradition and modernity is one of the most important challenges our society faces. In other words, in addition to issues such as distrust, addiction, generation gap, sex and lack of responsibility, the conflict between tradition ...
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Many scholars, especially sociologists, believe that the contrast between tradition and modernity is one of the most important challenges our society faces. In other words, in addition to issues such as distrust, addiction, generation gap, sex and lack of responsibility, the conflict between tradition and modernity has turned into a fundamental and costly problem which has affected our society over the past century. There are three main viewpoints regarding the confrontation between tradition and modernity: (1) considering tradition as the basis and believing in rereading of it; (2) considering modernity as the basis and accepting its basic components; and (3) integrating tradition and modernity and creating a conditional modernity i.e. local modernity. In Iran, those in favor of the first viewpoint are known as ‘reactionists’, and those supporting the second one are known as ‘westoxified’. There are also some people who wish to be labeled neither reactionist nor westoxified, and want to prove that they think beyond that. Therefore, they talk of integration of tradition and modernity. Jalal Al-e Ahmad is a follower of this view, who believes that relying on the local culture and tradition, some aspects of Western modernity can be ‘adopted’ and some other components can be ‘established’ based on the domestic capacities. In other words, he believes that without the necessity of changing the Eastern epistemological foundations, we can appropriate the material and technological dimensions of the West. In the present paper, the viewpoint of Jalal is analyzed by presenting an analytical model, in which ‘innate control’ and ‘constructed control’ are distinguished.
Akram Hamidian
Abstract
The epidemic corona disease has surrounded worldwide for several mounts. However, in this short period of time, it has left very significant social, economic, political and even cultural impacts on all communities that affected by this disease. In this paper, it is tried to analyze the effect of corona ...
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The epidemic corona disease has surrounded worldwide for several mounts. However, in this short period of time, it has left very significant social, economic, political and even cultural impacts on all communities that affected by this disease. In this paper, it is tried to analyze the effect of corona disease on the religion in Iran, through qualitative and participatory observation method. Trend analysis of the corona's prevalence and observation of the actions of social agents showed that this disease has had significant effects on the socio-religious actions of agents, the political legitimacy of the government and cultural changes in the field of religion. According to strong interconnectedness of religion and politics in Iran, it can be said that the physiological and medical challenge of Covid 19 has led to a political-religious challenge for the government. Also despite the lack of security conditions based on the vital emergency, visible changes are taking place in the process of changing from religious beliefs to customary values.
alireza afshani
Abstract
Social trust is one of the most essential factors in making social order and capital. There are certain variables that can lead to the rise or fall of social trust, one of which, to many researchers, is religiousness. The present study was carried out to investigate the relationship between religiousness ...
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Social trust is one of the most essential factors in making social order and capital. There are certain variables that can lead to the rise or fall of social trust, one of which, to many researchers, is religiousness. The present study was carried out to investigate the relationship between religiousness and social trust in the city of Najafabad. According this, a survey research with the sample of 244 citizen (15 years old and over) of Najafabad were selected through a multi-stage cluster sampling method. The questionnaire was the main data collection technique. The findings show that there is a significant and direct relationship between religiousness and social trust. In other words, the rising of religiousness leads to the increasing of organizational, interpersonal and generalized trusts. The empirical data truly verify the viewpoints mentioned earlier by Durkheim and Giddnez.
seyedmohamad mehdizadeh
ashab habibzadeh
Asal Asri Maleki; Mahmoud Azizi; Kazem Shahbazi
Abstract
The current paper analyzes the sociology of three fashions of women’s cheerful performances during the Qajar Dynasty. The genres or fashions include critical and traditional performances, socio-critical performances (lustful men), and social performances (lack of economic security). Two or three ...
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The current paper analyzes the sociology of three fashions of women’s cheerful performances during the Qajar Dynasty. The genres or fashions include critical and traditional performances, socio-critical performances (lustful men), and social performances (lack of economic security). Two or three cases of the performances of each type are introduced and evaluated. One of the ways to study women's cheerful performances is through utilizing sociological concepts, thus to study the social status of women at the time of a male-centered society, Bourdieu’s masculine domination was employed. The present study was conducted through descriptive–analytical method, and the required information was collected through a library approach. According to the data collected, in order to escape the pressures imposed on them by society, women sought different methods, one of them being holding performances with women as their center to represent their own issues. The performances were an exhibition of concealed complexes which were manifested by the prejudices of a patriarchal society. The results show that exploring these performances is one of the effective methods of finding the roots of the effect of masculine domination of women.
Mahdokht Boroujerdi Alavi; Mohsen Habibi
