Nematollah Fazeli; Meisam Ahrabian Sadr
Abstract
Nematollah Fazeli Meisam Ahrabian Sadr Date of Receive: 2009/5/24Date of Accept: 2010/4/28AbstractIn the thirteenth century Iran, there was triple full-covering clothing – Chador-Ruband-Chaqchur – in which women were encompassed, during their public and civic presence, so that almost no part ...
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Nematollah Fazeli Meisam Ahrabian Sadr Date of Receive: 2009/5/24Date of Accept: 2010/4/28AbstractIn the thirteenth century Iran, there was triple full-covering clothing – Chador-Ruband-Chaqchur – in which women were encompassed, during their public and civic presence, so that almost no part of her body could be seen. Such clothing was creating various possibilities, routines, and margins; in other words, in the context of social behavior, this kind of clothing was used, evaluated, and connected to the texture of everyday action, but its very essence found its importance and prominence in connection with two basic functions: covering and deforming. Women’s clothing went to fight with defined forms and specific shapes. This clothing surrounded bodies, and wiped out their boundaries. So, anything surrounded by Chador and Ruband disappeared and remained hidden from eyes. Secrecy, like a shield, like a hiding fortress, drew a secure shell around bodies, removed them from objective surface and gently pushed them into the depths. Nevertheless, one can ask at what time and in what regularity women’s clothing became a social problem, and why and in accordance to what specific objective necessity the request for revising was arisen? In the way of answering to this question, a wider process can be considered. In fact, from the middle ages ofthirteenth century, confronting with obstacles were on the way of Iran’s new changes, actors were invited to struggle with manifestations and appearances of secrecy.After a short introduction, discussing the issue, and referring to some theoretical and methodological topics, this text presents a historical review of secrecy process in thirteenth century Iran, in three phases: in the first part, there is a description about daily use of women’s clothing, its conditions and requirements; the second part talks about the routine and flexible functions of this kind of clothing; and finally, based on descriptions and implications of previous parts, the last part refers to the results of this process, considering the perceptible ruptures and breaks that the rule of covering could create at that time.
Sociology
Tahereh Khazaei
Abstract
The expansion of the virtual world has made widespread changes to the Iranian society by providing a sphere for the construction of personalized narratives of the social lifeworld. Physicians are a social class with a dubious presence in the virtual world, especially in X as an elite media. The genealogy ...
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The expansion of the virtual world has made widespread changes to the Iranian society by providing a sphere for the construction of personalized narratives of the social lifeworld. Physicians are a social class with a dubious presence in the virtual world, especially in X as an elite media. The genealogy of medicine is known with professionality entwined with ambiguity, authority and authenticity. This is while, the modern world is characterized with deconsecrating and demystification. The current research is a netnography of the physicians’ twits in the X social media in 2023. The four dominant conceptual patterns extracted in our thematic analysis include: the emergence of the patient subject and the impeachment of the doctor, the emergence of a traditional discourse that de-monopolizes health, the physician’s constructs from mafia to the martyr of health, and the unactualized self/self-alienation of the physician. The findings show that with the expansion of virtual social media, the sacred, ambiguous aura around the physician is cleared. Also, as a result of the physicians’ disempowerment and demystification, the Iranian physician faces a call to the center and self-narration as part of a reflexive procedure in which she narrates herself and her lifeworld as a physician.
Sociology
ali Ayar; Moosa Anbari
Abstract
Using the critical ethnographic method, this study examines the effect of development interventions on the social sphere and economic activity of local communities in Ilam and Lorestan provinces. The findings of the research show that the development has put the pre-intervention ecosystem which was dominated ...
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Using the critical ethnographic method, this study examines the effect of development interventions on the social sphere and economic activity of local communities in Ilam and Lorestan provinces. The findings of the research show that the development has put the pre-intervention ecosystem which was dominated by the social issue under the attack of the economic issue. In the process of development intervention, the cultural capacities and traditions that connect and help local economic perceptions have been neglected, and instead official and capital-oriented government programs have been expanded in objective and subjective dimensions; The result of the weakening of popular traditions is the rise of new pseudo-technocratic groups that consider local cultural values such as hard work, contentment, cooperation, and generosity as symbols of backwardness. In fact, native activists, as new self-directed productive managers, have become those who are caught in the trap of donations, loans and hires to market their labor force and provide their livelihood. In order to show this reduction, we have used the metaphor of a walnut tree as a symbol of a hardworking, connected and diligent nature-oriented society, and a eucalyptus tree as a symbol of borrowed intervention, a consumerist, pretentious and discrete society,
Demography
Reza Nobakht; Ahmad Dorahaki; Ali Ghasemi Ardahaee
Abstract
The level of total fertility required for the replacement level may vary from country to country and even within geographical regions of the same country. It is not correct to generalize the total fertility rate required for the replacement level for all countries and regions, especially when the regions ...
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The level of total fertility required for the replacement level may vary from country to country and even within geographical regions of the same country. It is not correct to generalize the total fertility rate required for the replacement level for all countries and regions, especially when the regions and countries being compared have significant differences in development. Applying the method of Preston et al. 2003 and using the country's registration and census data from 1385 to 1394, the present study estimated the total fertility rate required for the replacement level in Iran and its various provinces. This index for the year 2013 for the provinces of Sistan and Baluchistan is 2.3, for the provinces of South Khorasan, Chahar Mahal and Bakhtiari, Hormozgan, Kohkiloye and Boyer Ahmad, East Azerbaijan, Ilam, Kermanshah, and Kurdistan it is about 2.2 and for other provinces, it is about 1. 2 children were calculated for each woman. Paying attention to these differences and the importance of the sex ratio at birth, the probability of survival of female children from birth to the average childbearing, are among the topics that should be considered in reaching replacement level fertility in the country.
Sociology
Abdul Reza Navah; karim rezadoost; said moidfar; narges khoshkalam
Abstract
With the emphasis on social distancing, the outbreak of Corona caused social interactions within ethnic contexts to undergo changes in terms of quantity and quality. Based on this, the current research is focused on the phenomenology of the lived experience of Borujerd city speakers of social interactions ...
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With the emphasis on social distancing, the outbreak of Corona caused social interactions within ethnic contexts to undergo changes in terms of quantity and quality. Based on this, the current research is focused on the phenomenology of the lived experience of Borujerd city speakers of social interactions after facing the outbreak of Corona. The current phenomenological research has used the Moustakas technique to analyze the data. The number of 16 samples was selected purposefully and until theoretical saturation, and the data was collected by in-depth interview method. Collaborative observation (10 field observations) was also used to collect more data. Based on the results of coding and field data analysis, the concept of "post-corona ethnic interaction" includes 8 main clusters, which are: 1)the opportunity to find human agency, 2)the socialization of interaction, 3)the continuity of ethnic members, 4 )the digitalization of interaction, 5)the scientific-rationalization of the epistemic base of interaction, 6)the purposeful interaction, 7)the hyper-digitalization of interaction, and 8)the appearance of the role of inhuman agency. In general, the threat of Corona has acted as a shock that has provided the opportunity for the members of the ethnic community of Lak to express their individuality.
