Mohammadmahdi Forghani; Mahdieh Hamzeei
Abstract
The present paper aims to study the way material and immaterial components of modern culture were reflected in Qajar era (Naseri era) newspapers. The contents of two newspapers Vaqaye-e Ettefaqieh and Akhtar were analyzed using a conceptual framework based on material and immaterial components of culture, ...
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The present paper aims to study the way material and immaterial components of modern culture were reflected in Qajar era (Naseri era) newspapers. The contents of two newspapers Vaqaye-e Ettefaqieh and Akhtar were analyzed using a conceptual framework based on material and immaterial components of culture, the theoretical studies based on the theories of diffusion of innovation and cultural lag, and the quantitative content analysis method. Vaqaye-e Ettefaqieh was the only Persian newspaper in Iran during the first decade of Naseri era (1848-1858). Akhtar was randomly selected from among the newspapers published in the third decade (1871-1881). Using systematic sampling method, 12 issues of each newspaper were selected. The data were analyzed using SPSS software, and the relationship between variables was examined using Chi-Square test. The results showed that there was a significant difference between the two newspapers in terms of different variables. First, although the contents published in both newspapers were mostly news items, there were more reports in Vaqaye-e Ettefaqieh and more analytical contents, such as articles, in Akhtar. The variety of styles was more common in the latter. Second, the contents of Vaqaye-e Ettefaqieh were mostly social, while those of Akhtar were mainly political. Third, the elements of modern culture had a low share in both of the newspapers, where material elements were predominant. However, there were some differences in the details. In Vaqaye-e Ettefaqieh, military equipment and sites, and in Akhtar, mostly material elements in politics were reflected. The number and variety of immaterial elements of modern culture had a higher presence in Akhtar than in Vaqaye-e Ettefaqieh. In most of their contents, both newspapers merely had a function of giving information on the elements of modern culture, and rarely took orientations. However, in cases where the newspapers had taken an orientation, it was positive or neutral in Vaqaye-e Ettefaqieh, while Akhtar took negative orientations and rejected some of these elements.
Kamal Khaleghpanah
Abstract
Living with a chronic disease is a long-lasting process of experiencing symptoms and pain, recognizing and understanding this situation, and the re-conceptualizing and reconstructing the future of the person suffering from it. Chronic pains are among the complicated symptoms experienced by patients both ...
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Living with a chronic disease is a long-lasting process of experiencing symptoms and pain, recognizing and understanding this situation, and the re-conceptualizing and reconstructing the future of the person suffering from it. Chronic pains are among the complicated symptoms experienced by patients both perceptibly and imperceptibly in their everyday life. The theoretical idea of the article is that chronic pains resulting from chronic require endless patience with the body. They require a kind coexistence with an unpredictable body and the perceptible and imperceptible pains that erupt at times least expected. This article tries to show how and in what ways chronic pain is a kind of suffering. In this article neurophysiological theories that reduce pain to a bodily feeling caused by the reaction of the brain are pushed aside and the lived experience of chronic pains in MS patients is phenomenologically studied. Through this investigation into disrupted memories, divine metaphors and sensational personal writings including fear of disability and constant practice of patience with the body, bodily dissatisfaction, and complaints of the body.sability, practicing tolerance toward the body, and discontentment with and complaining about the body.
ozra jarallahi
Volume 8, Issue 15.16 , February 2002, , Pages 147-167
Abstract
The main question of this research was whether there was any relation between delinquency and the educational status of the university students. Our specific objectives were to find out the relations between social delinquency and (a) educational achievements, (b) students' satisfaction from their field ...
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The main question of this research was whether there was any relation between delinquency and the educational status of the university students. Our specific objectives were to find out the relations between social delinquency and (a) educational achievements, (b) students' satisfaction from their field of study. To find out the answers to the above questions two statistically selected group of students were compared. There were 117 delinquent students in the study group and the same number of normal students in the control group. The data to test the hypotheses were collected through a questionnaire in addition to searching through documents and doing some observations in the field. The analysis of data was done by comparison of the frequencies and percentages, the Chi-square, Cramer's V and Kendall's Taub. The results show that: A: The educational achievements of the delinquent students - both before and after their acceptance in the university - and also their degree of satisfaction from their field of study was lower than the normal students. B: The quota system of acceptance did not have any effect in the results. C: In the affected group no relation was found between students' social class and their grade point average (G.P.A.), however, in the normal group we found that as the social class of the students increased, their (G.P.A.) also increased.
hosein afkhami
Soheyla Alirezanejad; mansoreh nikoogoftar
Volume 23, Issue 72 , June 2016, , Pages 149-191
Abstract
This article tries to understand Iranian transsexuals re socialization process. transsexuals having been suffered from lack of social acceptance and social recognition based on their bodily features and behaviors as well. they are been struggling a contradiction between their sex and gender identity. ...
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This article tries to understand Iranian transsexuals re socialization process. transsexuals having been suffered from lack of social acceptance and social recognition based on their bodily features and behaviors as well. they are been struggling a contradiction between their sex and gender identity. understanding their situation a mixed method based on ethnography and survey was designed and conducted among transsexuals whom were available in Tehran. participatory observation, semi structured interviews and focus group discussion are implemented during the ethnography and a questionnaire was designed for conducting survey. confronting reality and theories different concepts such as body management, different social identities, social recognition, social stigma and social re-socialization were reviewed. based on findings we realized they have a hard struggle to be recognized by different social institutes and social primary groups; but on the ground of social exclusion they may not being successfully re -socialized and adjusted in society. social exclusion is a very important obstacle for their successful re-socialization. Family and school are two the most important primary group in their social re_socialization and social recognition process.based on restrict social exclusion for them, they usually tries committing suicide, escaping from home, school or even university. between transsexuals, those whom transform from female to male usually experience more social support from family and reach a better social recognition process.
Abstract
With an ethics - oriented approach, this study attempts to compare the situation of ethics and rights and their relations in marital interactions between 3 generations of married women in Tehran city. The main hypothesis of this study is: There are meaningful differences between 3 generations of married ...
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With an ethics - oriented approach, this study attempts to compare the situation of ethics and rights and their relations in marital interactions between 3 generations of married women in Tehran city. The main hypothesis of this study is: There are meaningful differences between 3 generations of married Women, in consideration to ethics and rights in their interaction with husbands. The method of study is survey. Statistical population consists of all married women in the city of Tehran. The sample society includes 500 women who were selected through multi-stage cluster sampling technique and responded to the researcher - made questionnaire, in June 2015. For data analysis, SPSS 20 was used. The findings indicate that there are meaningful differences between 3 generations of married women in consideration to ethics and rights in marital interactions. In other words, in marital interactions, first generation consider to ethics more than other generations, and third generation consider to its rights more other generations, while second generation as a mediator consider to ethics less than first generation , and consider to its rights less than third generation. The results of Stepwise Regression analysis also show women employment, rate of education and generation, , predict 49/9% of the changes in dependent variable (Legal demands in marital interactions) and age, Length of marriage and women employment predict 53/6 % of the changes in dependent variable (ethics situation( in marital interactions.
Omid Ghaderzadeh; Fayegh Nabizadeh
Masoomeh Dif rakhsh; Hossein Barani; Javad Poorrezaee
Abstract
Seyedeh Maasumeh Difrakhsh Hossein Barani Javad Pourrezaei Date of Receive: 2014/4/24Date of Accept: 2014/9/27Abstract:Indigenous knowledge, as part of special culture of each region, is experimental findings raised out of adapting to special environmental attributes that is gradually changed to part ...
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Seyedeh Maasumeh Difrakhsh Hossein Barani Javad Pourrezaei Date of Receive: 2014/4/24Date of Accept: 2014/9/27Abstract:Indigenous knowledge, as part of special culture of each region, is experimental findings raised out of adapting to special environmental attributes that is gradually changed to part of social culture of that society. Ethnobatany is nearest methods for studying people knowledge about various practices of their used plants. This study is a part of comprehensive research in field of indigenous knowledge which has been done in Tayebi tribe of Deli kama region (a mountainous valley of summers of Dehdasht town) in Kohkiloyeh and Boyerahmad Province. As a qualitative research in ethnobotany, it used qualitative techniques of gathering data through in depth interview and participatory observation. Totally 189 species has been identified out of which 68 species are with nonforage uses. Thymus, Kakoti, oak were indicator plants of the region. Plants have been used as medicine, food, tools, building industry, extracting industrial oil and juice. Local people have sufficient knowledge about growth time, harvest season, picking method, drying, providing tools out of, extracting juice out of and different medicinal uses. Unfortunately majority of this knowledge is disappearing along with disappearance of traditions. Ethnobotanical researchers can play an important role in documenting and preserving in order to rescue this undocumented enrich folklore before fading in current modernization race.
mohammad taghi karami ghahi
Abstract
Few studies have been carried out to investigate public and governmental supports during the time of the (Iraqi imposed) war and after it. A group of women living in Beheshti township of Mashhad who were victims of the war, who realized it and its aftermaths very deeply, and who are among the most important ...
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Few studies have been carried out to investigate public and governmental supports during the time of the (Iraqi imposed) war and after it. A group of women living in Beheshti township of Mashhad who were victims of the war, who realized it and its aftermaths very deeply, and who are among the most important narrators of the war, are, unfortunately, absolutely neglected in historiography of the (Iraqi imposed) war. Having realized this gap, the present paper employs a qualitative content analysis method to identify themes of public and governmental supports by analyzing part of findings of a MA thesis which included these women’s narrations of war extracted from narrative interviews with them. Available content was eventually categorized into five themes: the government’s support of victims of the war, public support of victims of the war, victims’ supports of each other, victims’ supports of fellow countrymen and the government, and public support of fellows and the government. The most important implication of this typology is the realization of presence of positive values in Iran’s cultural potential which, on the one hand, allows for immediate acts of support in the time of war, and, on the other hand, shows the important role of social capitals of victims of war, particularly the family and relatives, in forming sustainable, inclusive support.
nezam bahrami komeil
Volume 13, Issue 33 , May 2006, , Pages 155-188
Abstract
In this article I used Foucault's theory of discourse 10 study commercial advertising before and after the Iranian revolulion in 1979. By investigating laws and regulations of commercial advertising and socio - political conditions that govern it, \VC distinguished t\VO types of discourses that governed ...
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In this article I used Foucault's theory of discourse 10 study commercial advertising before and after the Iranian revolulion in 1979. By investigating laws and regulations of commercial advertising and socio - political conditions that govern it, \VC distinguished t\VO types of discourses that governed advertising industry in Iran. The first was Information - security discourse before the revolution; and the second was the ideological discourse after revolution.
davoud hasan zadeh; maryam meskini
Volume 16, Issue 44 , May 2009, , Pages 155-192
Abstract
This paper tends to study the role of regional planning in the national planning system of Iran and its effect on human development in various provinces. In spite of efforts undertaken during recent years especially during the Third and Fourth National Economic, Social and Cultural Development Programs, ...
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This paper tends to study the role of regional planning in the national planning system of Iran and its effect on human development in various provinces. In spite of efforts undertaken during recent years especially during the Third and Fourth National Economic, Social and Cultural Development Programs, the regional planning and development and its role in the national planning system still presents a challenge deserving more efforts, because the regional inequality with its consequences poses an obstacle to balanced and sustainable development. To clarify the significance of regional planning in human development of the provinces, the secondary analysis method is applied on data from various national and regional surveys. Variables of economic development, social and spatial inequality and social capital are used to examine the extent of human development in different provinces. The study shows that in national development programs both before and after the revolution some steps were undertaken to foster the regional planning in Iran, but the Third and Fourth Development Programs could be considered out standing in this regard. The situation of regional development is also investigated here using variables such as economic development, social capital and socio! and spatial inequity, and considering their impact on human development.
mohsen niazi
Jamal Mohammadi; Saeb Adak
Abstract
The main goal of this article is to explicate the experience of social suffering in urban slums through a dialectic structure of social, historical, and spatial aspects of the construct of people living in urban slums. The study of slums requires a theoretical framework which emphasizes on the social ...
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The main goal of this article is to explicate the experience of social suffering in urban slums through a dialectic structure of social, historical, and spatial aspects of the construct of people living in urban slums. The study of slums requires a theoretical framework which emphasizes on the social aspects of life in such spaces. A slum is a highly populated urban residential area consisting mostly of closely packed, decrepit housing units in a situation of deteriorated or incomplete infrastructure, inhabited primarily by impoverished people. This research studies a slum called Naysar near Sanandaj city. Through critical ethnography, and by relying on concepts of “Social Suffering” and “The Space of Representation”, we study the lived experience of suffering of inhabitants. The findings show that there is a great degree of “Feeling Distaste for the Neighborhood”, “Distrust”, “Abandonment” and “Inability to Change the Situation” among inhabitants. These all are terms related to social suffering. Some other terms related with the hierarchy of domination are “Property Acquisition”, “The Functions of Urban Organization” and “the Disability of Inhabitants”. Finally, according to critical urban theory, “The Right to City” is the main concept which clarifies the situation of subaltern excluded people in slums. In slums like Naysar, a social movement is needed to resist the power of capital and interventions of state organizations in order to re-appropriate the urban spaces to subalterns.
Mohammad Hosein Sharifi Saei; Taghi Azadarmaki
Abstract
The purpose of this research was to study the situation of Iranian women in the Qajar era (1789-1925). The present research has been done by historical method. The findings of this study showed that women in the Qajar era had very few social rights. Women were the second sex. They were second-class citizens. ...
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The purpose of this research was to study the situation of Iranian women in the Qajar era (1789-1925). The present research has been done by historical method. The findings of this study showed that women in the Qajar era had very few social rights. Women were the second sex. They were second-class citizens. Domestic violence against women was common. Marriage of women in the Qajar period was forced marriage. They had no freedom in marriage. Girls had to get married as children (10 to 12 years old). Women had to have children quickly. They had to have many children (at least 7 to 8 children). Their children also had to get married between the ages of 10 and 12. Women became grandmothers in their 30s. The aging process was very fast. Life expectancy in women was very low. During the Qajar period, polygamy was common. Patriarchy prevailed in the family and society. Women were completely dominated by men. In the Qajar period, women were considered inferior to men. Therefore, they had to obey men.
Mohammad Bitarafan; Sohrab Yazdani; Hossein Moftakhari; Hojjat Fallah Tootkar
Abstract
The structure of education in the Qajar dynasty was derived from tradition and was as a kind of reading of religious principles. Three basic components in this period created the process of change in the structure of education in the field of the feminine gender: a) the attention given by European graduates ...
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The structure of education in the Qajar dynasty was derived from tradition and was as a kind of reading of religious principles. Three basic components in this period created the process of change in the structure of education in the field of the feminine gender: a) the attention given by European graduates and the intellectuals of the last two decades of the reign of Naser al- adin Shah to the matter of “educating” the women, b) the establishment of schools for girls by American, English and French missionaries in Iran, and c) the introduction of the concept of equality in the constitutional revolution of Iran. The reality is that women's empowerment was one of the main concerns and acts of the constitutionalist intellectuals. As the social relations in the Qajar period did not allow for a solution for the equality issue of women to be introduced, thinking about and using the religious and social concepts in the areas of education and health could bring about the initial changes regarding the female gender was perceived. Therefore, showing attention to the improvement of the social status of Iranian women and the public benefit derived from it thereof, became the main concern of the constitutionalists in the field of women. However, the shift in social traditions caused an extreme reaction from the supporters of the discourse of tradition in regards to the matter of women’s education and the establishment of schools for girls. Hence, many conflicts arose which took place in different contexts such as the parliament, the state, city councils, newspapers, etc. In fact, the introduction of main concepts of constitutionalism such as freedom, law and equality which somewhat were connected to the matter of women, became the main focus point for the conflicts between the discourses of tradition and modernity.
behrad razavi alhashem; meysam musai
Volume 16, Issue 47 , February 2009, , Pages 161-196
Abstract
The present paper tries t? respond to two basic questions: what is place of civil participation in the designing of urban planning patterns? Which are the strength ness, weakness, opportunities, threats of citizen's participation to design urban planning? To respond to the first question, civil participation ...
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The present paper tries t? respond to two basic questions: what is place of civil participation in the designing of urban planning patterns? Which are the strength ness, weakness, opportunities, threats of citizen's participation to design urban planning? To respond to the first question, civil participation has been studied mentally. This section, studies changes in the people attitude, beliefs and views. To respond to the second question, participation behavior, how to participle and its equipments in the cultural social, managerial, legal and space contexts have be studied. This study has done as qualitative research. Data was collected through open questionnaire together with deep interview and analysis (swot) 'technique. The principle causes of selection of this technique includes of the studying of strength ness, weakness, opportunities, threats of social, cultural, managerial, legal, space of citizen participation to design, to execute, to protect, to maintain from urban plans and planning's sample society was 30 professors and thinkers of urban planning and civil participation from Tehran university and Tehran capital municipality, in 1386 by purposeful and available sampling (expert and authority in the studied area) has been selected and studied. The result showed that to design comprehensive urban planning patterns needs to the active citizens participation. This participation must be done.·as voluntarily and purposeful. Urban planners must emphasize on the mental participation and changes in beliefs and attitudes of citizens. Participative behavior in the urban planning's must be done in two sections. To design and execute urban plans, experts and elite participation must be at first stance. But majority of Tehran capital problems is related to the protection and maintaining of the executed plans. To attract women, youth, retired and to determine their participative equipments in the social, managerial, legal and spatial areas can to reinforce urban management plans effectiveness, and usefulness.
Volume 22, Issue 71 , October 2016, , Pages 163-192
Abstract
Asia, especially the Middle East and Iran were the first worldwide manufacturer communities and accordingly has a productive culture and part of that, complicated working culture. Despite consistently displaying such resurgence of the economic and social relations, an astonishing retrogression ...
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Asia, especially the Middle East and Iran were the first worldwide manufacturer communities and accordingly has a productive culture and part of that, complicated working culture. Despite consistently displaying such resurgence of the economic and social relations, an astonishing retrogression has been happened contemporary. Such retrogression has been formulated in the works of writers with different perspectives and various interpretations and representations. These works and considerations suggest the importance of the issue and need for the monitoring issue to understand the context of the situation. This article is based on qualitative research that using interviews with some of the professors of the social sciences to study the historical and social contexts of formation of the state of retrogression with emphasising on the element of "working and produce" . Qualitative analysis suggests that the formation of such a state of retrogression has inner and outer characteristics. Internal fields, including ecology, promoting the values of counterproductive and ultimately as the most basic internal fields are consumptive structures which providing software and hardware requirements of the act and conduct of the society. External fields which can be best encompassed under the category of dominance relations. It is an important factor that influences the inner fields, particularly the categories of consumptive structures and it has a unique role in the establishment of the state.
Rashid Ahmadifar
Abstract
The existence of numerous economic and livelihood problems due to reasons such as: lack of industrial infrastructure, uneven development, inefficient economic policies and lack of fertile land have caused many residents of the villages of border areas of Kurdistan to turn to special border trade in the ...
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The existence of numerous economic and livelihood problems due to reasons such as: lack of industrial infrastructure, uneven development, inefficient economic policies and lack of fertile land have caused many residents of the villages of border areas of Kurdistan to turn to special border trade in the form of Kolberi. This has resulted in various negative cultural consequences. One of the cultural fields that have been greatly affected by border relations is education. Therefore, the main goal of the article is to analyze the meaning and the point of view and experience of the people of the border villages of Baneh and Marivan regarding border relations and its consequences in the academic life of the students of that region. According to the objectives, a mixed method has been chosen. The findings have been collected by questionnaire technique, in-depth individual and group interviews, as well as observation. In the quantitative section, 380 students were selected by random sampling. In the qualitative section, according to the type of subject, individual and group interviews were conducted with 38 people. The findings show that the mechanism of cross-border relations on youth education can be analyzed with such things as: transformation of the field and habits - smuggling as a cultural act - rupture of educational identity - encirclement of the mentality of dropping out of school - value transformation of confirmation - academic failure. The results in the quantitative part indicate that border relations (formal-informal) have a negative effect on all three dimensions of academic enthusiasm (behavioral, emotional and cognitive). This means that the more students are involved in economic issues, the less motivation and enthusiasm they have for learning and active participation in school and class, and they will be indifferent to doing their assigned homework.
Siavash Gholipoor; Mohsen Gholipour
Abstract
This article examines the state of home and territory among Kakavandi immigrants from "1991" to "2022". The theoretical approach is based on Durrschmidt's views about home in the global space. The research method is ethnography and collection techniques are observation, interview and lived experience. ...
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This article examines the state of home and territory among Kakavandi immigrants from "1991" to "2022". The theoretical approach is based on Durrschmidt's views about home in the global space. The research method is ethnography and collection techniques are observation, interview and lived experience. The findings show that the life problems of the immigrants in the cities of Harsin and Kermanshah along with the policies of the government, which were in line with rural development, caused two sweeps. First, it was the return to the village, which brought changes such as "Bureaucratization of rural daily life", "Defunctionalization of the village house" and "Urbanization of the village". The second was the migration to Tehran and Alborz province. These immigrants settled in areas that did not have suitable urban spaces to fulfill social needs. Being away from the community and being alone in the new destination has reduced the territory of the house to the door of the apartment for them. Finally, the Kakavands took help from mourning rituals and social networks due to their fluidity and spaciousness to realize the social issue. They defined their home in an extended social space. People who lost their connection with Kakavand's presence in the real world gradually faced the erosion of their identity.
Hossein Salimi
Demography
Latif Partovi; Mohammad Shayanmehr
Abstract
The elderly are among the most vulnerable groups during crises and gender is one of the most important factors in this regard. The purpose of this study was to explore gender differences of lived experiences of young elderly people during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Using a qualitative method, 13 young elderly ...
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The elderly are among the most vulnerable groups during crises and gender is one of the most important factors in this regard. The purpose of this study was to explore gender differences of lived experiences of young elderly people during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Using a qualitative method, 13 young elderly people (60-74 years old including 7 men and 6 women) were selected through purposive sampling in Mahabad and interviewed using a semi-structured format. The data were analyzed using Colaizzi method. The results were classified in two themes including "Transformed home and dwindling physical and spiritual powers" for women, and "Social distance and disturbed retirement life" for men. Based on the results, it is concluded that during pandemic older women were exposed to double physical and psychological pressures inside home while men faced increasing in emotional pressure due to not being able to go outside. Therefore, it is suggested that in policy formation, while understanding the different position of young elderly men and women, especially the situation of women, pay more attention to the role of family members and their social support in addition to official supportive measures.
Omid Ghaderzadeh; Hirosh Ghaderzadeh
Abstract
Omid Ghaderzadeh Hiresh Ghaderzadeh Date of Receive: 2014/3/16Date of Accept: 2014/9/11AbstractMost of experts believe that adolescence period is a critical stage in formation of identity. In this age, they are acquired the basis of a generalized commitment and sense of emotional belonging to their ...
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Omid Ghaderzadeh Hiresh Ghaderzadeh Date of Receive: 2014/3/16Date of Accept: 2014/9/11AbstractMost of experts believe that adolescence period is a critical stage in formation of identity. In this age, they are acquired the basis of a generalized commitment and sense of emotional belonging to their community. The present research, by using theoretical and empirical related literature discusses the empirical study of role and influence of religiosity, national interests of parents and peers and the media consumption in the anticipation of national identity of adolescents. To study the relations, a sample of 480 teenagers -15 to 18 years old- of Baneh city was selected. The research methodology was conducted by survey and by using questionnaire. The results of this study showed that socio-economic base, level of religiosity, media consumption, national orientation of parents and peers and age have direct meaningful correlations with national identity of adolescents. Among the independent variables: “socio – economic base” has most meaningful and positive power for predicting national identity. As a whole, mentioned variables explained 60 percent of changes of adolescents’ national identity.
Farhad Shaygan Fard
hashem dadashpur
Omid Ghaderzadeh; Abbas Shafiinia
